ESurfD

Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions

ESurfD

Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss.

2196-6338

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/esurf-2021-8

Validation and application of sequential unmanned aerial vehicle surveys to monitor the kinematics of a rapid rock glacier

Vivero

Sebastián

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-9575

¹ Delaloye

Reynald

² Lambiel

Christophe

Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland

Department of Geosciences/Geography, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland

23 02 2021

2021 1 33

2021

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This article is available from https://esurf.copernicus.org/preprints/esurf-2021-8/

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://esurf.copernicus.org/preprints/esurf-2021-8/esurf-2021-8.pdf

Accurately assessing landform evolution and quantifying rapid environmental changes are gaining importance in the context of monitoring techniques in alpine environments. In the European Alps, glaciers and rock glaciers are among the most characteristic cryospheric components bearing the most prolonged monitoring periods. This study introduces a rigorous procedure to quantify rock glacier kinematics and their associated uncertainty derived from sequential unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthomosaics are derived from UAV image series combined with structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques. Multitemporal datasets are employed for measuring spatially continuous rock glacier kinematics using image matching algorithms. This procedure is tested on seven consecutive (from 2016 to 2019) UAV surveys of Tsarmine rock glacier, Valais Alps, Switzerland. The evaluation of superficial displacements was performed with simultaneous in-situ differential global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements. During the study period, the rock glacier doubled its overall frontal velocity, from around 5 m yr−1 between October 2016 and June 2017 to more than 10 m yr−1 between June and September 2019. Using the adequate UAV survey acquisition, processing, and validation steps, we almost achieved the same accuracy as the GNSS-derived velocities. Nevertheless, the proposed monitoring method provides accurate surface velocity fields values, which allow an enhanced description of the current rock glacier dynamics and its surface expression.