Articles | Volume 5, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-451-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-451-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Tree-root control of shallow landslides
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
Massimiliano Schwarz
School of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Science, 3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland
EcorisQ, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Cited
99 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of Vegetation Differences on Shallow Landslides: A Case Study in Aso, Japan H. Asada & T. Minagawa
- Experimental Investigation of Root Tensile Strength for Slope Stabilization P. Capilleri et al.
- Introducing SlideforMAP: a probabilistic finite slope approach for modelling shallow-landslide probability in forested situations F. van Zadelhoff et al.
- Strong wind is one of the important factors that trigger landslides Y. Lin et al.
- Machine learning-aided reliability analysis of rainfall-induced landslide of root-reinforced slopes B. Świtała et al.
- State-of-the-art: parametrization of hydrological and mechanical reinforcement effects of vegetation in slope stability models for shallow landslides A. DiBiagio et al.
- Modeling shallow landslides and root reinforcement: A review I. Murgia et al.
- Using trajectory modeling for delineation and valuation of protection forests against rockfalls and landslides E. Marras et al.
- Deriving and assessing forest gap thresholds to prevent shallow landslides in Swiss mountain forests A. Bast et al.
- Effects of Land Cover Changes on Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Using SlideforMAP Software (Mt. Nerone, Italy) I. Murgia et al.
- The influence of postfire root strength decay on shallow landslide susceptibility in western Oregon D. Sousa et al.
- Methods to measure the mechanical behaviour of tree roots: A review F. Giadrossich et al.
- Cascading land surface hazards as a nexus in the Earth system B. Yanites et al.
- Analysis of Poplar’s (Populus nigra ita.) Root Systems for Quantifying Bio-Engineering Measures in New Zealand Pastoral Hill Country H. Ngo et al.
- Wildfire-induced geohydrological risk in the Alps S. Melzner et al.
- Introducing a methodology to quantify the hydro-mechanical protective effects of forests on slope stability: application to a deciduous forest in Western Norway A. DiBiagio et al.
- Comparing physical and statistical landslide susceptibility models at the scale of individual trees R. Spiekermann et al.
- An overview of monitoring methods for assessing the performance of nature-based solutions against natural hazards P. Kumar et al.
- Vegetation-induced modifications in hydrological processes and the consequential dynamic effects of slope stability Z. Deng et al.
- Implications of hornbeam and beech root systems on slope stability: from field and laboratory measurements to modelling methods A. Deljouei et al.
- How trees influence slope stability during cyclones: field and experimental evidence Y. Zhuang et al.
- Assessing the effects of anthropogenesis on Appalachian flood severity: An eastern Kentucky case study M. Swallom et al.
- Analysis of Changes in Landslide Susceptibility according to Land Use over 38 Years in Lixian County, China J. Liu et al.
- Influence of Root Volume, Plant Spacing, and Planting Pattern of Tap-like Tree Root System on Slope Protection Effect H. Ding et al.
- Field Measurements of Passive Earth Forces in Steep, Shallow, Landslide‐Prone Areas A. Cislaghi et al.
- Attributing a deadly landslide disaster in Southeastern Brazil to human-induced climate change M. Barbosa et al.
- Review and Inventory of Pedological and Stratigraphical Knowledge for Investigating Shallow Landslides: A Case Study of the Cervinara Area (Central Campanian Apennines, Southern Italy) A. Ermice et al.
- Controls of root-system overlap on hillslope stability R. Noviandi et al.
- The influence of climate change and canopy disturbances on landslide susceptibility in headwater catchments C. Scheidl et al.
- Design and temporal issues in Soil Bioengineering structures for the stabilisation of shallow soil movements G. Bischetti et al.
- The Pullout Mechanical Properties of Shrub Root Systems in a Typical Karst Area, Southwest China S. Ruan et al.
- Shallow landslides and vegetation at the catchment scale: A perspective C. Phillips et al.
- Application of Harmony Search Algorithm to Slope Stability Analysis S. Haghshenas et al.
- Deforestation controls landslide susceptibility in Far-Western Nepal A. Muñoz-Torrero Manchado et al.
- Exploiting the land use to predict shallow landslide susceptibility: A probabilistic implementation of LAPSUS-LS A. Giarola et al.
- Soil Micromorphology of Land Cover in Landslide Susceptibility Area in Kelara Subwatershed, Jeneponto, Indonesia A. Ahmad et al.
- Understanding the role of vegetation root systems in the initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides: scaling perspectives R. Noviandi et al.
- Large roots dominate the contribution of trees to slope stability F. Giadrossich et al.
- A century of urban landslides: the legacy and consequences of altering riverbank landscapes I. Bennett & P. Bierman
- Quantifying the influence of individual trees on slope stability at landscape scale R. Spiekermann et al.
- Assessing probability of failure of urban landslides through rapid characterization of soil properties and vegetation distribution S. Fiolleau et al.
- Effects of vineyard soil management on the characteristics of soils and roots in the lower Oltrepò Apennines (Lombardy, Italy) M. Bordoni et al.
- Relationship between tree height and landslide characteristics obtained by GIS assessment J. Evans et al.
- Quantifying vegetation effects on landslide hazard using a physically based model: implications for catchment-scale prioritization and management D. Kim
- Quantifying effectiveness of trees for landslide erosion control R. Spiekermann et al.
- The influence of orchard and forest management on rainfall-induced landslides: A study of Hiraenoki Community in southwestern Japan K. Shimizu & K. Asahiro
- Root Reinforcement in Slope Stability Models: A Review E. Masi et al.
- Geology and vegetation control landsliding on forest-managed slopes in scarplands D. Draebing et al.
- Research on the shallow landslide stability of vegetated slopes with expansive soils based on root morphology Y. Li et al.
- The response characteristics and stability evaluation of vegetated slope under strong wind Y. Liu et al.
- Hydro-mechanical effects of vegetation on slope stability: A review T. Lann et al.
- The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures X. Tan et al.
- Comparing Root Cohesion Estimates from Three Models at a Shallow Landslide in the Oregon Coast Range C. Cronkite-Ratcliff et al.
- Deforestation Controls Landslide Susceptibility in Far-Western Nepal A. Muñoz-Torrero Manchado et al.
- Random root distribution affects the mechanical properties of the soil-root composite and root reinforcement J. Huang et al.
- An AI-driven approach to extract interrelationships between disasters B. Liu et al.
- Towards quantitative evidence of Eco-DRR in mountains: A concise review L. Dorren & C. Moos
- Prediction of the volume of shallow landslides due to rainfall using data-driven models J. Tuganishuri et al.
- Machine learning-based global landslide susceptibility analysis: spatiotemporal variability and dominant environmental associations P. Kou et al.
- Land use and land cover as a conditioning factor in landslide susceptibility: a literature review R. Pacheco Quevedo et al.
- Deterministic Physically Based Distributed Models for Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides G. Sannino et al.
- Root biomass and root morphological traits of three shrub species: Implications for the soil anti-scouring resistance of the ecological slope M. Zhou et al.
- Exploring the Root–Soil Anchoring Dynamics of Bambusa pachinensis (Pachi Bamboo) Root System C. Fan et al.
- Comparison between mechanical and hydrological reinforcement effects of cultivated plants on shallow slope stability M. Bordoni et al.
- Root Tensile Functional Traits of Dominant Herbaceous Species and Their Effects on Soil Shear Strength in the Three Gorges Reservoir Drawdown Zone R. Wang & J. Liu
- A 3D Model Applied to Analyze the Mechanical Characteristic of Living Stump Slope with Different Tap Root Lengths X. Jiang et al.
- An optimum tree density for mitigating slope instability associated with root reinforcement and tree surcharge effects: insights from numerical simulations M. Najla et al.
- Building Resilience to Chronic Landslide Hazard Through Citizen Science K. Cieslik et al.
- Root Traits and Mechanical Properties of Three Shrubland Species: Implications for Bioengineered Slope Stability Y. Li et al.
- Tree root research in New Zealand: a retrospective ‘review’ with emphasis on soil reinforcement for soil conservation and wind firmness C. Phillips et al.
- Estimating slope stability by lateral root reinforcement in thinned and unthinned stands of Cryptomeria japonica using ground-penetrating radar K. Yamase et al.
- How do leaf functional traits and age influence the maximum rooting depth of trees? K. Makoto et al.
- Origins of diverse present displacements in a paleo-landslide area (Isiklar, Trabzon, northeast Turkey) M. Senkaya et al.
- Root zone in the Earth system H. Gao et al.
- A multi-method approach for the integrative assessment of soil functions: Application on a coastal mountainous site of the Philippines E. Dingkuhn et al.
- Quantifying the shear behavior of fine-grained soil with herbaceous plant roots under freeze-thaw conditions using X-ray CT scan B. Song et al.
- A review of modeling the effects of vegetation on large wood recruitment processes in mountain catchments E. Gasser et al.
- Effects of plant roots on soil shear strength and shallow landslide proneness in an area of northern Italian Apennines M. Bordoni et al.
- Post‐landslide soil and vegetation recovery in a dry, montane system is slow and patchy B. Buma & Ł. Pawlik
- The pullout resistance of plant roots in the field at different soil water conditions and root geometries C. Fan et al.
- Impact of different chestnut coppice managements on root reinforcement and shallow landslide susceptibility E. Dazio et al.
- Optimisation and application of a high-resolution shallow landslide model at regional scale C. Schaller et al.
- Negative emissions at negative cost-an opportunity for a scalable niche P. Aravind et al.
- Suspended Sediments in Chilean Rivers Reveal Low Postseismic Erosion After the Maule Earthquake (Mw 8.8) During a Severe Drought V. Tolorza et al.
- Fertilization reduces root architecture plasticity in Ulmus pumila used for afforesting Mongolian semi-arid steppe A. Montagnoli et al.
- Assessment of the Impacts of Urbanization on Landslide Susceptibility in Hakha City, a Mountainous Region of Western Myanmar K. Thein et al.
- Cut slope stability assessment along forest roads using the limit equilibrium approaches and Slide software M. Nasiri & M. Mohammadzade
- Shallow slope stabilization by arbor root Systems: A physical model study L. Xue et al.
- Topographic profile and morphology analysis of shallow landslides inside and outside of forests with a semi-automatic mapping approach and bi-temporal airborne laser scanning data L. de Vugt et al.
- The magnitude of soil erosion on hillslopes with different land use patterns under an extreme rainstorm on the Northern Loess Plateau, China B. Tang et al.
- Predicting Landslide Susceptibility Using Cost Function in Low-Relief Areas: A Case Study of the Urban Municipality of Attecoube (Abidjan, Ivory Coast) F. Gnagne et al.
- Soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction for engineering applications: Recent multi-scale and multi-disciplinary insights M. Cecconi et al.
- A probabilistic multidimensional approach to quantify large wood recruitment from hillslopes in mountainous-forested catchments A. Cislaghi et al.
- Evaluating root strength index as an indicator of landslide-prone slopes in eastern kentucky M. Swallom et al.
- Establishing a Landslide Traces Inventory for the Baota District, Yan’an City, China, Using High-Resolution Satellite Images S. Zhang et al.
- Quantification of the mechanical reinforcement of roots of olive trees and their contribution to shallow slope stability M. Bordoni et al.
- Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Living Stumps and Reinforcement Mechanisms of Slopes X. Jiang et al.
- Strategies to improve the explanatory power of a dynamic slope stability model by enhancing land cover parameterisation and model complexity E. Schmaltz et al.
- Mechanical Characteristics of the Fine Roots of Two Broadleaved Tree Species from the Temperate Caspian Hyrcanian Ecoregion A. Deljouei et al.
99 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of Vegetation Differences on Shallow Landslides: A Case Study in Aso, Japan H. Asada & T. Minagawa
- Experimental Investigation of Root Tensile Strength for Slope Stabilization P. Capilleri et al.
- Introducing SlideforMAP: a probabilistic finite slope approach for modelling shallow-landslide probability in forested situations F. van Zadelhoff et al.
- Strong wind is one of the important factors that trigger landslides Y. Lin et al.
- Machine learning-aided reliability analysis of rainfall-induced landslide of root-reinforced slopes B. Świtała et al.
- State-of-the-art: parametrization of hydrological and mechanical reinforcement effects of vegetation in slope stability models for shallow landslides A. DiBiagio et al.
- Modeling shallow landslides and root reinforcement: A review I. Murgia et al.
- Using trajectory modeling for delineation and valuation of protection forests against rockfalls and landslides E. Marras et al.
- Deriving and assessing forest gap thresholds to prevent shallow landslides in Swiss mountain forests A. Bast et al.
- Effects of Land Cover Changes on Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Using SlideforMAP Software (Mt. Nerone, Italy) I. Murgia et al.
- The influence of postfire root strength decay on shallow landslide susceptibility in western Oregon D. Sousa et al.
- Methods to measure the mechanical behaviour of tree roots: A review F. Giadrossich et al.
- Cascading land surface hazards as a nexus in the Earth system B. Yanites et al.
- Analysis of Poplar’s (Populus nigra ita.) Root Systems for Quantifying Bio-Engineering Measures in New Zealand Pastoral Hill Country H. Ngo et al.
- Wildfire-induced geohydrological risk in the Alps S. Melzner et al.
- Introducing a methodology to quantify the hydro-mechanical protective effects of forests on slope stability: application to a deciduous forest in Western Norway A. DiBiagio et al.
- Comparing physical and statistical landslide susceptibility models at the scale of individual trees R. Spiekermann et al.
- An overview of monitoring methods for assessing the performance of nature-based solutions against natural hazards P. Kumar et al.
- Vegetation-induced modifications in hydrological processes and the consequential dynamic effects of slope stability Z. Deng et al.
- Implications of hornbeam and beech root systems on slope stability: from field and laboratory measurements to modelling methods A. Deljouei et al.
- How trees influence slope stability during cyclones: field and experimental evidence Y. Zhuang et al.
- Assessing the effects of anthropogenesis on Appalachian flood severity: An eastern Kentucky case study M. Swallom et al.
- Analysis of Changes in Landslide Susceptibility according to Land Use over 38 Years in Lixian County, China J. Liu et al.
- Influence of Root Volume, Plant Spacing, and Planting Pattern of Tap-like Tree Root System on Slope Protection Effect H. Ding et al.
- Field Measurements of Passive Earth Forces in Steep, Shallow, Landslide‐Prone Areas A. Cislaghi et al.
- Attributing a deadly landslide disaster in Southeastern Brazil to human-induced climate change M. Barbosa et al.
- Review and Inventory of Pedological and Stratigraphical Knowledge for Investigating Shallow Landslides: A Case Study of the Cervinara Area (Central Campanian Apennines, Southern Italy) A. Ermice et al.
- Controls of root-system overlap on hillslope stability R. Noviandi et al.
- The influence of climate change and canopy disturbances on landslide susceptibility in headwater catchments C. Scheidl et al.
- Design and temporal issues in Soil Bioengineering structures for the stabilisation of shallow soil movements G. Bischetti et al.
- The Pullout Mechanical Properties of Shrub Root Systems in a Typical Karst Area, Southwest China S. Ruan et al.
- Shallow landslides and vegetation at the catchment scale: A perspective C. Phillips et al.
- Application of Harmony Search Algorithm to Slope Stability Analysis S. Haghshenas et al.
- Deforestation controls landslide susceptibility in Far-Western Nepal A. Muñoz-Torrero Manchado et al.
- Exploiting the land use to predict shallow landslide susceptibility: A probabilistic implementation of LAPSUS-LS A. Giarola et al.
- Soil Micromorphology of Land Cover in Landslide Susceptibility Area in Kelara Subwatershed, Jeneponto, Indonesia A. Ahmad et al.
- Understanding the role of vegetation root systems in the initiation of rainfall-induced shallow landslides: scaling perspectives R. Noviandi et al.
- Large roots dominate the contribution of trees to slope stability F. Giadrossich et al.
- A century of urban landslides: the legacy and consequences of altering riverbank landscapes I. Bennett & P. Bierman
- Quantifying the influence of individual trees on slope stability at landscape scale R. Spiekermann et al.
- Assessing probability of failure of urban landslides through rapid characterization of soil properties and vegetation distribution S. Fiolleau et al.
- Effects of vineyard soil management on the characteristics of soils and roots in the lower Oltrepò Apennines (Lombardy, Italy) M. Bordoni et al.
- Relationship between tree height and landslide characteristics obtained by GIS assessment J. Evans et al.
- Quantifying vegetation effects on landslide hazard using a physically based model: implications for catchment-scale prioritization and management D. Kim
- Quantifying effectiveness of trees for landslide erosion control R. Spiekermann et al.
- The influence of orchard and forest management on rainfall-induced landslides: A study of Hiraenoki Community in southwestern Japan K. Shimizu & K. Asahiro
- Root Reinforcement in Slope Stability Models: A Review E. Masi et al.
- Geology and vegetation control landsliding on forest-managed slopes in scarplands D. Draebing et al.
- Research on the shallow landslide stability of vegetated slopes with expansive soils based on root morphology Y. Li et al.
- The response characteristics and stability evaluation of vegetated slope under strong wind Y. Liu et al.
- Hydro-mechanical effects of vegetation on slope stability: A review T. Lann et al.
- The effect of Elymus nutans sowing density on soil reinforcement and slope stabilization properties of vegetation–concrete structures X. Tan et al.
- Comparing Root Cohesion Estimates from Three Models at a Shallow Landslide in the Oregon Coast Range C. Cronkite-Ratcliff et al.
- Deforestation Controls Landslide Susceptibility in Far-Western Nepal A. Muñoz-Torrero Manchado et al.
- Random root distribution affects the mechanical properties of the soil-root composite and root reinforcement J. Huang et al.
- An AI-driven approach to extract interrelationships between disasters B. Liu et al.
- Towards quantitative evidence of Eco-DRR in mountains: A concise review L. Dorren & C. Moos
- Prediction of the volume of shallow landslides due to rainfall using data-driven models J. Tuganishuri et al.
- Machine learning-based global landslide susceptibility analysis: spatiotemporal variability and dominant environmental associations P. Kou et al.
- Land use and land cover as a conditioning factor in landslide susceptibility: a literature review R. Pacheco Quevedo et al.
- Deterministic Physically Based Distributed Models for Rainfall-Induced Shallow Landslides G. Sannino et al.
- Root biomass and root morphological traits of three shrub species: Implications for the soil anti-scouring resistance of the ecological slope M. Zhou et al.
- Exploring the Root–Soil Anchoring Dynamics of Bambusa pachinensis (Pachi Bamboo) Root System C. Fan et al.
- Comparison between mechanical and hydrological reinforcement effects of cultivated plants on shallow slope stability M. Bordoni et al.
- Root Tensile Functional Traits of Dominant Herbaceous Species and Their Effects on Soil Shear Strength in the Three Gorges Reservoir Drawdown Zone R. Wang & J. Liu
- A 3D Model Applied to Analyze the Mechanical Characteristic of Living Stump Slope with Different Tap Root Lengths X. Jiang et al.
- An optimum tree density for mitigating slope instability associated with root reinforcement and tree surcharge effects: insights from numerical simulations M. Najla et al.
- Building Resilience to Chronic Landslide Hazard Through Citizen Science K. Cieslik et al.
- Root Traits and Mechanical Properties of Three Shrubland Species: Implications for Bioengineered Slope Stability Y. Li et al.
- Tree root research in New Zealand: a retrospective ‘review’ with emphasis on soil reinforcement for soil conservation and wind firmness C. Phillips et al.
- Estimating slope stability by lateral root reinforcement in thinned and unthinned stands of Cryptomeria japonica using ground-penetrating radar K. Yamase et al.
- How do leaf functional traits and age influence the maximum rooting depth of trees? K. Makoto et al.
- Origins of diverse present displacements in a paleo-landslide area (Isiklar, Trabzon, northeast Turkey) M. Senkaya et al.
- Root zone in the Earth system H. Gao et al.
- A multi-method approach for the integrative assessment of soil functions: Application on a coastal mountainous site of the Philippines E. Dingkuhn et al.
- Quantifying the shear behavior of fine-grained soil with herbaceous plant roots under freeze-thaw conditions using X-ray CT scan B. Song et al.
- A review of modeling the effects of vegetation on large wood recruitment processes in mountain catchments E. Gasser et al.
- Effects of plant roots on soil shear strength and shallow landslide proneness in an area of northern Italian Apennines M. Bordoni et al.
- Post‐landslide soil and vegetation recovery in a dry, montane system is slow and patchy B. Buma & Ł. Pawlik
- The pullout resistance of plant roots in the field at different soil water conditions and root geometries C. Fan et al.
- Impact of different chestnut coppice managements on root reinforcement and shallow landslide susceptibility E. Dazio et al.
- Optimisation and application of a high-resolution shallow landslide model at regional scale C. Schaller et al.
- Negative emissions at negative cost-an opportunity for a scalable niche P. Aravind et al.
- Suspended Sediments in Chilean Rivers Reveal Low Postseismic Erosion After the Maule Earthquake (Mw 8.8) During a Severe Drought V. Tolorza et al.
- Fertilization reduces root architecture plasticity in Ulmus pumila used for afforesting Mongolian semi-arid steppe A. Montagnoli et al.
- Assessment of the Impacts of Urbanization on Landslide Susceptibility in Hakha City, a Mountainous Region of Western Myanmar K. Thein et al.
- Cut slope stability assessment along forest roads using the limit equilibrium approaches and Slide software M. Nasiri & M. Mohammadzade
- Shallow slope stabilization by arbor root Systems: A physical model study L. Xue et al.
- Topographic profile and morphology analysis of shallow landslides inside and outside of forests with a semi-automatic mapping approach and bi-temporal airborne laser scanning data L. de Vugt et al.
- The magnitude of soil erosion on hillslopes with different land use patterns under an extreme rainstorm on the Northern Loess Plateau, China B. Tang et al.
- Predicting Landslide Susceptibility Using Cost Function in Low-Relief Areas: A Case Study of the Urban Municipality of Attecoube (Abidjan, Ivory Coast) F. Gnagne et al.
- Soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction for engineering applications: Recent multi-scale and multi-disciplinary insights M. Cecconi et al.
- A probabilistic multidimensional approach to quantify large wood recruitment from hillslopes in mountainous-forested catchments A. Cislaghi et al.
- Evaluating root strength index as an indicator of landslide-prone slopes in eastern kentucky M. Swallom et al.
- Establishing a Landslide Traces Inventory for the Baota District, Yan’an City, China, Using High-Resolution Satellite Images S. Zhang et al.
- Quantification of the mechanical reinforcement of roots of olive trees and their contribution to shallow slope stability M. Bordoni et al.
- Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Living Stumps and Reinforcement Mechanisms of Slopes X. Jiang et al.
- Strategies to improve the explanatory power of a dynamic slope stability model by enhancing land cover parameterisation and model complexity E. Schmaltz et al.
- Mechanical Characteristics of the Fine Roots of Two Broadleaved Tree Species from the Temperate Caspian Hyrcanian Ecoregion A. Deljouei et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 May 2026
Short summary
Tree roots reinforce soils on slopes. A new slope stability model is presented that computes root reinforcement including the effects of root heterogeneities and dependence of root strength on tensile and compressive strain. Our results show that roots stabilize slopes that would otherwise fail under a rainfall event. Tension in roots is more effective than compression. Redistribution of forces in roots across the hillslope plays a key role in the stability of the slope during rainfall events.
Tree roots reinforce soils on slopes. A new slope stability model is presented that computes...