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A levee-building model is presented to demonstrate the effects of flood conditions on levee slope, linking with river avulsion processes. Input grain size and levee slope are positively correlated with avulsion frequency, but overflow velocity is inversely related to it. High levee slopes develop local avulsions whereas low slopes develop regional avulsions. The link between the levee geometry and avulsion behaviours provides a better assessment of the flood hazards triggered by avulsion.

We present first physics-based general landslide velocity model incorporating internal deformation & external forces. Voellmy & inviscid Burgers’ equation are specifications of the novel advective-dissipative system. Our unified analytical solutions constitute new foundation of landslide velocity, provide practitioners key information in instantly estimating impact forces. Solutions describe breaking wave & folding, revealing landslide dynamics are architectured by advection, reigned by forcing.

Alpine landscapes are transformed by several erosion processes. ¹⁰Be concentrations measured in river sediments at the outlet of a basin represent a powerful tool to quantify how fast the catchment erodes. We measured erosion rates within the Dora Baltea catchments (western Italian Alps). Our results show that erosion is governed by topography, bedrock resistance and glacial imprint: hard lithologies support high reliefs affected by glacial/periglacial processes and recurring rock fall events.

This manuscript presents a two-dimensional subglacial sediment transport model, that evolves a sediment layer in response to subglacial sediment transport conditions. The model captures sediment transport in supply- and transport-limited regimes across a glacier's bed and considers both the creation and transport of sediment. Model outputs show how the spatial distribution of sediment and water below a glacier can impact the glacier's discharge of sediment and erosion of bedrock.

River avulsions (rivers suddenly changing course) redirect water and sediment. These floods can harm people and control how some landscapes evolve. We model how abandoned channels from older avulsions affect where, when, and why future avulsions occur in mountain-front areas. We show that abandoned channels can push and pull avulsions, and the way they heal controls landscapes. Avulsion models should include abandoned channels; we also highlight opportunities for future field workers.

This paper proposes a method to estimate thermal diffusivity and its uncertainty over time, at numerous locations and at an unprecedented vertical spatial resolution from soil temperature time-series. We validate and apply this method to synthetic and field case studies. The improved quantification of soil thermal properties is a cornerstone for advancing the indirect estimation of fraction of soil components needed to predict the subsurface storage and fluxes of water, carbon, and nutrients.

When mountains grow, rocks are brought to the surface of the Earth. Weathering of these rocks changes the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere, but the direction of that change may depend on the type of rock. We measured chemistry of stream waters draining three different rock types. We find that for all types, increasing erosion of rocks shifts weathering from reactions that draw down CO₂ to reactions that emit CO₂. The emission may be strongest where rocks from deep in the crust are exposed.

Floodplain formation in estuaries limit the ebb and flood flow, reducing channel migration, and shortening the tidally-influenced reach. Vegetation establishment on bars reduces local flow velocity and concentrates flow into channels, while mud flats fill accommodation space and reduce channel migration. These results are based on experimental estuaries in the Metronome facility supported by numerical flow modelling.

We recorded yearly images of a bar of the Vieux-Habitants river, a river located on Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe). These images, combined with measurements of the river discharge, allow us to monitor the evolution of the population of boulders. We estimate the smallest discharge that can move the boulders, and calculate the effective transport time. We show that likelihood of a given boulder remaining at the same location decreases exponentially, with an effective residence time of 17 hours.

Landscape evolution is highly dependent on climatic parameters and the occurrence of intense precipitation events is considered to be an important driver of river incision. We compare the rate of erosion with the variability of river discharge in a mountainous landscape of SE France where high magnitude floods regularly occurs. Our study highlights the importance of the hypotheses made on the threshold that river discharge need to exceed in order to effectively cut down into the bedrock.

By comparing two models for the transport of sediment, we find that they share a similar steady-state solution that adequately predicts the shape of most depositional systems made of a fan and an alluvial plain. The length of the fan is controlled by the size of the mountain drainage area feeding the sedimentary system and its slope by the incoming sedimentary flux. We show that the models differ by their transient behavior to external forcing and are characterized by different response times.

Arctic rivers erode into permafrost and mobilize organic carbon, which can react to form greenhouse gasses or get re-buried in floodplain deposits. We collected samples on a permafrost floodplain in Alaska to determine if more carbon is eroded or deposited by river meandering. The floodplain contained a mixture of young carbon fixed by the biosphere and old, re-deposited carbon. Thus, sediment storage may allow Arctic river floodplains to retain aged organic carbon even when permafrost thaws.

To study channel network development following continental glaciation, we ran small physical experiments where networks slowly expanded into flat surfaces. By changing substrate and rainfall, we altered flow pathways between the surface and subsurface. Initially, most channels grew by overland flow. As relief increased, erosion through groundwater sapping occurred, especially in runs with high infiltration and low cohesion, highlighting the importance of groundwater in channel network evolution.

Quantification of bedload transport constitutes a challenge in river dynamics due to variable transport modes. We used passive monitoring device to record acoustic signals generated by bedload particles moving with different transport modes and established relationship between signal and bedload characteristics. The findings in present study could improve the understanding of our monitoring system and bedload transport process, contributing to bedload size classification as well.

Recently, along the eastern coast of South Korea, seasonal beach erosion induced by the structures which severely block the supply of sand from the upstream side. This study proposes a coastal solution that can predict the erosion of critical points in sag curves formed downstream of longshore sediment control facilities by applying a parabolic bay shape equation (PBSE).

There is an increasing demand for tidal marsh restoration around the world. We have developed a new modeling approach to reduce the uncertainty associated with their development. Its application to a real tidal marsh restoration project in Northwestern Europe illustrates how the rate of landscape development can be steered by restoration design, with important consequences on restored tidal marsh resilience to increasing sea level rise and decreasing sediment supply.

Some types of big earthquakes create small cliffs or "fault-scarps" around a ~1–3 meters in height, where sediments can pile up and create deposits we call "Colluvial Wedges." Geologists will look at colluvial wedges and use them to understand how often big earthquakes occur. Here we made a computer simulation to find out if the way we think colluvial wedges form works with physics. We found that it does in theory, but there are conditions where it may be more complicated than we expected.

Granite residual soil landslides are widely distributed in southeastern Guangxi province, China. In this study, it conducted artificial flume model tests to investigate the failure mode of granite residual soil landslide. The research results can provide valuable references for the prevention and warning of granite residual soil landslide in southeast Guangxi.

We compiled a large image dataset containing more than 125,000 sediments and developed a model (GrainID) based on convolutional neural networks to measure individual grain size from images. The model was calibrated on flume and natural streams images covering wide range of fluvial environments. The model showed high performance in comparison to other methods. Our model showed great potential for grain size measurements from small patch of sediment in a flume to watershed-scale drone survey.