Articles | Volume 7, issue 1
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 107–128, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 107–128, 2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
25 Jan 2019
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 25 Jan 2019
Long-term erosion of the Nepal Himalayas by bedrock landsliding: the role of monsoons, earthquakes and giant landslides
Odin Marc et al.
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Cited
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Controls on Post‐Seismic Landslide Behavior in Brittle Rocks M. Brain et al. 10.1029/2021JF006242
- An application of multiple‐point statistics downscaling approach over North‐West Himalayas in avalanche‐prone areas A. Singhal & S. Jha 10.1002/joc.7342
- Geomorphic constraints on the development of a blind-thrust induced landform, south-central Mongolia: Insights into foreberg growth C. Lee et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107613
- Near‐Surface Geomechanical Properties and Weathering Characteristics Across a Tectonic and Climatic Gradient in the Central Nepal Himalaya W. Medwedeff et al. 10.1029/2021JF006240
- Mapping the susceptibility of rainfall and earthquake triggered landslides along China–Nepal highways K. Gnyawali et al. 10.1007/s10064-019-01583-2
- The impact of earthquakes on orogen-scale exhumation O. Francis et al. 10.5194/esurf-8-579-2020
- Changing significance of landslide Hazard and risk after the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake N. Rosser et al. 10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100159
- A closer look at factors governing landslide recovery time in post-seismic periods H. Tanyaş et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107912
- The Lasting Signatures of Past Landslides on Soil Stripping From Landscapes L. Fan et al. 10.1029/2021WR030375
- How size and trigger matter: analyzing rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslide inventories and their causal relation in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya J. Zhang et al. 10.5194/nhess-19-1789-2019
- Earthquake-induced debris flows at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico V. Coviello et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-393-2021
- Eroding Cascadia—Sediment and solute transport and landscape denudation in western Oregon and northwestern California J. O’Connor et al. 10.1130/B35710.1
- An Evaluation of Erosional‐Geodynamic Thresholds for Rapid Orogenic Denudation B. Spencer et al. 10.1029/2021JB022353
- Landslide Scaling: A Review S. Tebbens 10.1029/2019EA000662
- A hybrid machine-learning model to estimate potential debris-flow volumes J. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107333
- An unshakable carbon budget for the Himalaya L. Märki et al. 10.1038/s41561-021-00815-z
- Volume Characteristics of Landslides Triggered by the M W 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand, Derived From Digital Surface Difference Modeling C. Massey et al. 10.1029/2019JF005163
- A Perspective of the Cumulative Risks from Climate Change on Mt. Everest: Findings from the 2019 Expedition K. Miner et al. 10.3390/ijerph18041928
- Automated determination of landslide locations after large trigger events: advantages and disadvantages compared to manual mapping D. Milledge et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-481-2022
- Rainfall triggers more deep-seated landslides than Cascadia earthquakes in the Oregon Coast Range, USA S. LaHusen et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aba6790
- Evaluating the Landslide Stability and Vegetation Recovery: Case Studies in the Tsengwen Reservoir Watershed in Taiwan C. Wu 10.3390/w13243479
- Controls on the grain size distribution of landslides in Taiwan: the influence of drop height, scar depth and bedrock strength O. Marc et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021
- HyLands 1.0: a hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution B. Campforts et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-3863-2020
- 30-year record of Himalaya mass-wasting reveals landscape perturbations by extreme events J. Jones et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-26964-8
- Seismic Velocity Recovery in the Subsurface: Transient Damage and Groundwater Drainage Following the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal L. Illien et al. 10.1029/2021JB023402
- Morphological and sedimentological responses of small stream channels to extreme rainfall and land use in the Darjeeling Himalayas P. Prokop et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104444
- Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide Erosion Over Earthquake Cycles G. Li et al. 10.1029/2018JB016986
- Initiation and Runout of Post‐Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake M. Dahlquist & A. West 10.1029/2019GL083548
- Role of landslides on the volume balance of the Nepal 2015 earthquake sequence A. Valagussa et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-83037-y
- The role of earthquake-induced landslides in erosion and weathering from active mountain ranges: Progress and perspectives Z. Jin et al. 10.1007/s11430-021-9832-3
- Late-Pleistocene catchment-wide denudation patterns across the European Alps R. Delunel et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103407
- Characteristics and Distribution of Landslides in the Populated Hillslopes of Bujumbura, Burundi D. Kubwimana et al. 10.3390/geosciences11060259
- New Insight into Post-seismic Landslide Evolution Processes in the Tropics H. Tanyaş et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.700546
- Variations in organic carbon sourcing along a trans-Himalayan river determined by a Bayesian mixing approach J. Menges et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2020.07.003
- Molecular Tracing of Riverine Soil Organic Matter From the Central Himalaya L. Märki et al. 10.1029/2020GL087403
- Beyond 2D landslide inventories and their rollover: synoptic 3D inventories and volume from repeat lidar data T. Bernard et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-1013-2021
- The Fate of Sediment After a Large Earthquake O. Francis et al. 10.1029/2021JF006352
- Temporal Variations in Landslide Distributions Following Extreme Events: Implications for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling J. Jones et al. 10.1029/2021JF006067
- Landslide-Induced Weathering in Tectonically Active Mountains: Evidence From Dissolved Radiogenic Uranium Isotopes L. Li et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.825818
- Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake S. von Specht et al. 10.5194/se-10-463-2019
- Spatial Patterns of Storm‐Induced Landslides and Their Relation to Rainfall Anomaly Maps O. Marc et al. 10.1029/2019GL083173
- Millennial-scale denudation rates in the Himalaya of Far Western Nepal L. Ojha et al. 10.5194/esurf-7-969-2019
- The Impact of Large Erosional Events and Transient Normal Stress Changes on the Seismicity of Faults L. Jeandet Ribes et al. 10.1029/2020GL087631
- Annually Resolved Monsoon Onset and Withdrawal Dates Across the Himalayas Derived From Local Precipitation Statistics C. Brunello et al. 10.1029/2020GL088420
- Evolution of Coseismic and Post‐seismic Landsliding After the 2015 M w 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal M. Kincey et al. 10.1029/2020JF005803
- Toward Using Seismic Interferometry to Quantify Landscape Mechanical Variations after Earthquakes O. Marc et al. 10.1785/0120200264
- Topographic stress control on bedrock landslide size G. Li & S. Moon 10.1038/s41561-021-00739-8
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Controls on Post‐Seismic Landslide Behavior in Brittle Rocks M. Brain et al. 10.1029/2021JF006242
- An application of multiple‐point statistics downscaling approach over North‐West Himalayas in avalanche‐prone areas A. Singhal & S. Jha 10.1002/joc.7342
- Geomorphic constraints on the development of a blind-thrust induced landform, south-central Mongolia: Insights into foreberg growth C. Lee et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107613
- Near‐Surface Geomechanical Properties and Weathering Characteristics Across a Tectonic and Climatic Gradient in the Central Nepal Himalaya W. Medwedeff et al. 10.1029/2021JF006240
- Mapping the susceptibility of rainfall and earthquake triggered landslides along China–Nepal highways K. Gnyawali et al. 10.1007/s10064-019-01583-2
- The impact of earthquakes on orogen-scale exhumation O. Francis et al. 10.5194/esurf-8-579-2020
- Changing significance of landslide Hazard and risk after the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake N. Rosser et al. 10.1016/j.pdisas.2021.100159
- A closer look at factors governing landslide recovery time in post-seismic periods H. Tanyaş et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107912
- The Lasting Signatures of Past Landslides on Soil Stripping From Landscapes L. Fan et al. 10.1029/2021WR030375
- How size and trigger matter: analyzing rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslide inventories and their causal relation in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya J. Zhang et al. 10.5194/nhess-19-1789-2019
- Earthquake-induced debris flows at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico V. Coviello et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-393-2021
- Eroding Cascadia—Sediment and solute transport and landscape denudation in western Oregon and northwestern California J. O’Connor et al. 10.1130/B35710.1
- An Evaluation of Erosional‐Geodynamic Thresholds for Rapid Orogenic Denudation B. Spencer et al. 10.1029/2021JB022353
- Landslide Scaling: A Review S. Tebbens 10.1029/2019EA000662
- A hybrid machine-learning model to estimate potential debris-flow volumes J. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107333
- An unshakable carbon budget for the Himalaya L. Märki et al. 10.1038/s41561-021-00815-z
- Volume Characteristics of Landslides Triggered by the M W 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand, Derived From Digital Surface Difference Modeling C. Massey et al. 10.1029/2019JF005163
- A Perspective of the Cumulative Risks from Climate Change on Mt. Everest: Findings from the 2019 Expedition K. Miner et al. 10.3390/ijerph18041928
- Automated determination of landslide locations after large trigger events: advantages and disadvantages compared to manual mapping D. Milledge et al. 10.5194/nhess-22-481-2022
- Rainfall triggers more deep-seated landslides than Cascadia earthquakes in the Oregon Coast Range, USA S. LaHusen et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aba6790
- Evaluating the Landslide Stability and Vegetation Recovery: Case Studies in the Tsengwen Reservoir Watershed in Taiwan C. Wu 10.3390/w13243479
- Controls on the grain size distribution of landslides in Taiwan: the influence of drop height, scar depth and bedrock strength O. Marc et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021
- HyLands 1.0: a hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution B. Campforts et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-3863-2020
- 30-year record of Himalaya mass-wasting reveals landscape perturbations by extreme events J. Jones et al. 10.1038/s41467-021-26964-8
- Seismic Velocity Recovery in the Subsurface: Transient Damage and Groundwater Drainage Following the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal L. Illien et al. 10.1029/2021JB023402
- Morphological and sedimentological responses of small stream channels to extreme rainfall and land use in the Darjeeling Himalayas P. Prokop et al. 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104444
- Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide Erosion Over Earthquake Cycles G. Li et al. 10.1029/2018JB016986
- Initiation and Runout of Post‐Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake M. Dahlquist & A. West 10.1029/2019GL083548
- Role of landslides on the volume balance of the Nepal 2015 earthquake sequence A. Valagussa et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-83037-y
- The role of earthquake-induced landslides in erosion and weathering from active mountain ranges: Progress and perspectives Z. Jin et al. 10.1007/s11430-021-9832-3
- Late-Pleistocene catchment-wide denudation patterns across the European Alps R. Delunel et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103407
- Characteristics and Distribution of Landslides in the Populated Hillslopes of Bujumbura, Burundi D. Kubwimana et al. 10.3390/geosciences11060259
- New Insight into Post-seismic Landslide Evolution Processes in the Tropics H. Tanyaş et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.700546
- Variations in organic carbon sourcing along a trans-Himalayan river determined by a Bayesian mixing approach J. Menges et al. 10.1016/j.gca.2020.07.003
- Molecular Tracing of Riverine Soil Organic Matter From the Central Himalaya L. Märki et al. 10.1029/2020GL087403
- Beyond 2D landslide inventories and their rollover: synoptic 3D inventories and volume from repeat lidar data T. Bernard et al. 10.5194/esurf-9-1013-2021
- The Fate of Sediment After a Large Earthquake O. Francis et al. 10.1029/2021JF006352
- Temporal Variations in Landslide Distributions Following Extreme Events: Implications for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling J. Jones et al. 10.1029/2021JF006067
- Landslide-Induced Weathering in Tectonically Active Mountains: Evidence From Dissolved Radiogenic Uranium Isotopes L. Li et al. 10.3389/feart.2022.825818
- Effects of finite source rupture on landslide triggering: the 2016 <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake S. von Specht et al. 10.5194/se-10-463-2019
- Spatial Patterns of Storm‐Induced Landslides and Their Relation to Rainfall Anomaly Maps O. Marc et al. 10.1029/2019GL083173
- Millennial-scale denudation rates in the Himalaya of Far Western Nepal L. Ojha et al. 10.5194/esurf-7-969-2019
- The Impact of Large Erosional Events and Transient Normal Stress Changes on the Seismicity of Faults L. Jeandet Ribes et al. 10.1029/2020GL087631
- Annually Resolved Monsoon Onset and Withdrawal Dates Across the Himalayas Derived From Local Precipitation Statistics C. Brunello et al. 10.1029/2020GL088420
- Evolution of Coseismic and Post‐seismic Landsliding After the 2015 M w 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal M. Kincey et al. 10.1029/2020JF005803
- Toward Using Seismic Interferometry to Quantify Landscape Mechanical Variations after Earthquakes O. Marc et al. 10.1785/0120200264
- Topographic stress control on bedrock landslide size G. Li & S. Moon 10.1038/s41561-021-00739-8
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 22 May 2022
Short summary
We mapped eight monsoon-related (> 100 m2) and large (> 0.1 km2) landslides in the Nepal Himalayas since 1970. Adding inventories of Holocene landslides, giant landslides (> 1 km3), and landslides from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we constrain the size–frequency distribution of monsoon- and earthquake-induced landslides. Both contribute ~50 % to a long-term (> 10 kyr) total erosion of ~2 mm yr-1, matching the long-term exhumation rate. Large landslides rarer than 10Be sampling time drive erosion.
We mapped eight monsoon-related ( 100 m2) and large ( 0.1 km2) landslides in the Nepal Himalayas...
