Articles | Volume 8, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-893-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-893-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
26 Oct 2020
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 26 Oct 2020
| 26 Oct 2020
Topographic controls on divide migration, stream capture, and diversification in riverine life
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Pedro Val
Department of Geology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
James S. Albert
Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette,
Lafayette, CA, USA
Jane K. Willenbring
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Nicole M. Gasparini
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Related authors
Katherine R. Barnhart, Eric W. H. Hutton, Gregory E. Tucker, Nicole M. Gasparini, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Daniel E. J. Hobley, Nathan J. Lyons, Margaux Mouchene, Sai Siddhartha Nudurupati, Jordan M. Adams, and Christina Bandaragoda
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 379–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-379-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-379-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Landlab is a Python package to support the creation of numerical models in Earth surface dynamics. Since the release of the 1.0 version in 2017, Landlab has grown and evolved: it contains 31 new process components, a refactored model grid, and additional utilities. This contribution describes the new elements of Landlab, discusses why certain backward-compatiblity-breaking changes were made, and reflects on the process of community open-source software development.
Nicole M. Gasparini, Adam M. Forte, and Katherine R. Barnhart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1227–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1227-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1227-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The time it takes for a landscape to adjust to new environmental conditions is critical for understanding the impacts of past and future environmental changes. We used different computational models and methods and found that predicted times for a landscape to reach a stable condition vary greatly. Our results illustrate that reporting how timescales are measured is important. Modelers should ensure that the measurement technique addresses the question.
Sam Anderson, Nicole Gasparini, and Joel Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured rock strength and amount of fracturing in the two different rock types, sandstones and carbonates, in Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA. Where there is more carbonate bedrock, hills and channels steepen in Last Chance Canyon. This is because the carbonate-type bedrock tends to be more thickly bedded, is less fractured, and is stronger. The carbonate bedrock produces larger boulders than the sandstone bedrock, which can protect the more fractured sandstone bedrock from erosion.
Gilles Brocard, Jane Kathrin Willenbring, Tristan Salles, Michael Cosca, Axel Guttiérez-Orrego, Noé Cacao Chiquín, Sergio Morán-Ical, and Christian Teyssier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 795–822, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-795-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-795-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The rise of a mountain affects the circulation of water, both in the atmosphere and over the land surface, thereby affecting the erosion of the land surface. We document how the rise of a mountain in central Guatemala has affected the erosion of an older range nearby. The new range intercepts precipitation formerly delivered to the older range. River response to the uplift of the new range has decreased incision across the older one. Both have reduced hillslope erosion over the old range.
Travis Clow, Jane K. Willenbring, Mirjam Schaller, Joel D. Blum, Marcus Christl, Peter W. Kubik, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Geochronology, 2, 411–423, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-411-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-411-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Meteoric beryllium-10 concentrations in soil profiles have great capacity to quantify Earth surface processes, such as erosion rates and landform ages. However, determining these requires an accurate estimate of the delivery rate of this isotope to local sites. Here, we present a new method to constrain the long-term delivery rate to an eroding western US site, compare it against existing delivery rate estimates (revealing considerable disagreement between methods), and suggest best practices.
Katherine R. Barnhart, Eric W. H. Hutton, Gregory E. Tucker, Nicole M. Gasparini, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Daniel E. J. Hobley, Nathan J. Lyons, Margaux Mouchene, Sai Siddhartha Nudurupati, Jordan M. Adams, and Christina Bandaragoda
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 379–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-379-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-379-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Landlab is a Python package to support the creation of numerical models in Earth surface dynamics. Since the release of the 1.0 version in 2017, Landlab has grown and evolved: it contains 31 new process components, a refactored model grid, and additional utilities. This contribution describes the new elements of Landlab, discusses why certain backward-compatiblity-breaking changes were made, and reflects on the process of community open-source software development.
Ronda Strauch, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Sai Siddhartha Nudurupati, Christina Bandaragoda, Nicole M. Gasparini, and Gregory E. Tucker
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 49–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-49-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-49-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a model of annual probability of shallow landslide initiation triggered by soil water from a hydrologic model. Our physically based model accommodates data uncertainty using a Monte Carlo approach. We found elevation-dependent patterns in probability related to the stabilizing effect of forests and soil and slope limitation at high elevations. We demonstrate our model in Washington, USA, but it is designed to run elsewhere with available data for risk planning using the Landlab.
Jordan M. Adams, Nicole M. Gasparini, Daniel E. J. Hobley, Gregory E. Tucker, Eric W. H. Hutton, Sai S. Nudurupati, and Erkan Istanbulluoglu
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1645–1663, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1645-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1645-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
OverlandFlow is a 2-dimensional hydrology component contained within the Landlab modeling framework. It can be applied in both hydrology and geomorphology applications across real and synthetic landscape grids, for both short- and long-term events. This paper finds that this non-steady hydrology regime produces different landscape characteristics when compared to more traditional steady-state hydrology and geomorphology models, suggesting that hydrology regime can impact resulting morphologies.
Daniel E. J. Hobley, Jordan M. Adams, Sai Siddhartha Nudurupati, Eric W. H. Hutton, Nicole M. Gasparini, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, and Gregory E. Tucker
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 21–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-21-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-21-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Many geoscientists use computer models to understand changes in the Earth's system. However, typically each scientist will build their own model from scratch. This paper describes Landlab, a new piece of open-source software designed to simplify creation and use of models of the Earth's surface. It provides off-the-shelf tools to work with models more efficiently, with less duplication of effort. The paper explains and justifies how Landlab works, and describes some models built with it.
J. K. Willenbring, A. T. Codilean, K. L. Ferrier, B. McElroy, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-2-1-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Barchan swarm dynamics from a Two-Flank Agent-Based Model
A landslide runout model for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications
Tracking slow-moving landslides with PlanetScope data: new perspectives on the satellite's perspective
Topographic metrics for unveiling fault segmentation and tectono-geomorphic evolution with insights into the impact of inherited topography, Ulsan Fault Zone, South Korea
Acceleration of coastal-retreat rates for high-Arctic rock cliffs on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, over the past decade
The impact of bedrock meander cutoffs on 50 kyr scale incision rates, San Juan River, Utah
How water, temperature, and seismicity control the preconditioning of massive rock slope failure (Hochvogel)
Large structure simulation for landscape evolution models
Terrace formation linked to outburst floods at the Diexi palaeo-landslide dam, upper Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: a target dataset for dynamic topography models
Decadal-scale decay of landslide-derived fluvial suspended sediment after Typhoon Morakot
Role of the forcing sources in morphodynamic modelling of an embayed beach
A machine learning approach to the geomorphometric detection of ribbed moraines in Norway
Overdeepening or tunnel valley of the Aare glacier on the northern margin of the European Alps: Basins, riegels, and slot canyons
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
Post-fire Variability in Sediment Transport by Ravel in the Diablo Range
Landscape response to tectonic deformation and cyclic climate change since ca. 800 ka in the southern Central Andes
Examination of Analytical Shear Stress Predictions for Coastal Dune Evolution
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Validating floc settling velocity models in rivers and freshwater wetlands
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics: the case of Shap granite, UK
A simple model for faceted topographies at normal faults based on an extended stream-power law
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Path length and sediment transport estimation from DEMs of difference: a signal processing approach
A numerical model for duricrust formation by water table fluctuations
Influence of cohesive clay on wave–current ripple dynamics captured in a 3D phase diagram
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 1: Erosion dynamics
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 2: Suspended sediment dynamics
Geomorphological and hydrological controls on sediment export in earthquake-affected catchments in the Nepal Himalaya
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation, using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 2: Probabilistic analysis
Field monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows at Ohya landslide scar, Japan
Analysis of autogenic bifurcation processes resulting in river avulsion
Evidence of slow millennial cliff retreat rates using cosmogenic nuclides in coastal colluvium
Bedload transport fluctuations, flow conditions, and disequilibrium ratio at the Swiss Erlenbach stream: results from 27 years of high-resolution temporal measurements
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 1: convolutional-neural-network-based semantic segmentation for water detection
Coexistence of two dune scales in a lowland river
Alpine hillslope failure in the western US: insights from the Chaos Canyon landslide, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Using repeat UAV-based laser scanning and multispectral imagery to explore eco-geomorphic feedbacks along a river corridor
Numerical modelling of the evolution of a river reach with a complex morphology to help define future sustainable restoration decisions
Dominic T. Robson and Andreas C. W. Baas
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1205–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Barchans are fast-moving sand dunes which form large populations (swarms) on Earth and Mars. We show that a small range of model parameters produces swarms in which dune size does not vary downwind – something that is observed in nature but not when using earlier models. We also show how the shape of dunes and the spatial patterns they form are affected by wind direction. This work furthers our understanding of the interplay between environmental drivers, dune interactions, and swarm properties.
Jeffrey Keck, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Benjamin Campforts, Gregory Tucker, and Alexander Horner-Devine
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1165–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MassWastingRunout (MWR) is a new landslide runout model designed for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications. MWR is written in Python and includes a calibration utility that automatically determines best-fit parameters for a site and empirical probability density functions of each parameter for probabilistic model implementation. MWR and Jupyter Notebook tutorials are available as part of the Landlab package at https://github.com/landlab/landlab.
Ariane Mueting and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1121–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the use of optical PlanetScope data for offset tracking of the Earth's surface movement. We found that co-registration accuracy is locally degraded when outdated elevation models are used for orthorectification. To mitigate this bias, we propose to only correlate scenes acquired from common perspectives or base orthorectification on more up-to-date elevation models generated from PlanetScope data alone. This enables a more detailed analysis of landslide dynamics.
Cho-Hee Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, John Weber, Sangmin Ha, Dong-Eun Kim, and Byung Yong Yu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1091–1120, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Topographic metrics were used to understand changes due to tectonic activity. We evaluated the relative tectonic activity along the Ulsan Fault Zone (UFZ), one of the most active fault zones in South Korea. We divided the UFZ into five segments, based on the spatial variation in activity. We modeled the landscape evolution of the study area and interpreted tectono-geomorphic history during which the northern part of the UFZ experienced asymmetric uplift, while the southern part did not.
Juditha Aga, Livia Piermattei, Luc Girod, Kristoffer Aalstad, Trond Eiken, Andreas Kääb, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1049–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal rock cliffs on Svalbard are considered to be fairly stable; however, long-term trends in coastal-retreat rates remain unknown. This study examines changes in the coastline position along Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, using aerial images from 1970, 1990, 2010, and 2021. Our analysis shows that coastal-retreat rates accelerate during the period 2010–2021, which coincides with increasing storminess and retreating sea ice.
Aaron T. Steelquist, Gustav B. Seixas, Mary L. Gillam, Sourav Saha, Seulgi Moon, and George E. Hilley
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1071–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rates at which rivers erode their bed can be used to interpret the geologic history of a region. However, these rates depend significantly on the time window over which you measure. We use multiple dating methods to determine an incision rate for the San Juan River and compare it to regional rates with longer timescales. We demonstrate how specific geologic events, such as cutoffs of bedrock meander bends, are likely to preserve material we can date but also bias the rates we measure.
Johannes Leinauer, Michael Dietze, Sibylle Knapp, Riccardo Scandroglio, Maximilian Jokel, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1027–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Massive rock slope failures are a significant alpine hazard and change the Earth's surface. Therefore, we must understand what controls the preparation of such events. By correlating 4 years of slope displacements with meteorological and seismic data, we found that water from rain and snowmelt is the most important driver. Our approach is applicable to similar sites and indicates where future climatic changes, e.g. in rain intensity and frequency, may alter the preparation of slope failure.
Julien Coatléven and Benoit Chauveau
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 995–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this paper is to explain how to incorporate classical water flow routines into landscape evolution models while keeping numerical errors under control. The key idea is to adapt filtering strategies to eliminate anomalous numerical errors and mesh dependencies, as confirmed by convergence tests with analytic solutions. The emergence of complex geomorphic structures is now driven exclusively by nonlinear heterogeneous physical processes rather than by random numerical artifacts.
Jingjuan Li, John D. Jansen, Xuanmei Fan, Zhiyong Ding, Shugang Kang, and Marco Lovati
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 953–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the geomorphology, sedimentology, and chronology of Tuanjie (seven terraces) and Taiping (three terraces) terraces in Diexi, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Results highlight that two damming and three outburst events occurred in the area during the late Pleistocene, and the outburst floods have been a major factor in the formation of tectonically active mountainous river terraces. Tectonic activity and climatic changes play a minor role.
Andrew Hollyday, Maureen E. Raymo, Jacqueline Austermann, Fred Richards, Mark Hoggard, and Alessio Rovere
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 883–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level was significantly higher during the Pliocene epoch, around 3 million years ago. The present-day elevations of shorelines that formed in the past provide a data constraint on the extent of ice sheet melt and the global sea level response under warm Pliocene conditions. In this study, we identify 10 escarpments that formed from wave-cut erosion during Pliocene times and compare their elevations with model predictions of solid Earth deformation processes to estimate past sea level.
Gregory A. Ruetenik, Ken L. Ferrier, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Nil Carrion-Bertran, Albert Falqués, Francesca Ribas, Daniel Calvete, Rinse de Swart, Ruth Durán, Candela Marco-Peretó, Marta Marcos, Angel Amores, Tim Toomey, Àngels Fernández-Mora, and Jorge Guillén
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity to the wave and sea-level forcing sources in predicting a 6-month embayed beach evolution is assessed using two different morphodynamic models. After a successful model calibration using in situ data, other sources are applied. The wave source choice is critical: hindcast data provide wrong results due to an angle bias, whilst the correct dynamics are recovered with the wave conditions from an offshore buoy. The use of different sea-level sources gives no significant differences.
Thomas J. Barnes, Thomas V. Schuler, Simon Filhol, and Karianne S. Lilleøren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 801–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use machine learning to automatically outline landforms based on their characteristics. We test several methods to identify the most accurate and then proceed to develop the most accurate to improve its accuracy further. We manage to outline landforms with 65 %–75 % accuracy, at a resolution of 10 m, thanks to high-quality/high-resolution elevation data. We find that it is possible to run this method at a country scale to quickly produce landform inventories for future studies.
Fritz Schlunegger, Edi Kissling, Dimitri Tibo Bandou, Guilhem Amin Douillet, David Mair, Urs Marti, Regina Reber, Patrick Fabian Schläfli, and Michael Alfred Schwenk
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-683, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-683, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Overdeepenings are bedrock depressions filled with sediment. We combine the results of a gravity survey with drilling data to explore the morphology of such a depression beneath the city of Bern. We find that the target overdeepening comprises two basins >200 m deep. They are separated by a bedrock riegel that itself is cut by narrow canyons up to 150 m deep. We postulate that these structures formed underneath a glacier, where erosion by subglacial meltwater caused the formation of the canyons.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 33 % of ice cliffs are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains unexplored in landscape evolution. Using digital evolution models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for how volcano basins develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 691–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a framework for generating risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This framework uses concepts from probability theory to learn the river migration model's parameter values from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that do not explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John R. Gardner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 581–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the profound impact of deforestation in the Amazon on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand the consequences of human activity for our planet's future.
Jacob Hardt, Tim P. Dooley, and Michael R. Hudec
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Hayden L. Jacobson, Danica L. Roth, Gabriel Walton, Margaret Zimmer, and Kerri Johnson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2694, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2694, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Loose grains travel farther after a fire because no vegetation is left to stop them. This matters since loose grains at the base of a slope can turn into a debris flow if it rains. To find if grass growing back after a fire had different impacts on grains of different sizes on slopes of different steepness, we dropped thousands of natural grains and measured how far they went. Large grains went farther 7 months after the fire than 11 months after, and small grain movement didn’t change much.
Elizabeth Orr, Taylor Schildgen, Stefanie Tofelde, Hella Wittmann, and Ricardo Alonso
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-784, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-784, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial terraces and alluvial fans in the Toro Basin, NW Argentina record river evolution and global climate cycles over time. Landform dating reveals lower-frequency climate cycles (100-kyr) preserved downstream and higher-frequency cycles (21/40-kyr) upstream, supporting theoretical predications that longer rivers filter out higher-frequency climate signals. This finding improves our understanding of the spatial distribution of sedimentary paleoclimate records within landscapes.
Orie Cecil, Nicholas Cohn, Matthew Farthing, Sourav Dutta, and Andrew Trautz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-855, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-855, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using computational fluid dynamics, we analyze the error trends of an analytical shear stress distribution model used to drive aeolian transport for coastal dunes which are an important line of defense against storm related flooding hazards. We find that compared to numerical simulations, the analytical model results in a net overprediction of the landward migration rate. Additionally, two data-driven approaches are proposed for reducing the error while maintaining computational efficiency.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Justin A. Nghiem, Gen K. Li, Joshua P. Harringmeyer, Gerard Salter, Cédric G. Fichot, Luca Cortese, and Michael P. Lamb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-524, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-524, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fine sediment grains in freshwater can cohere into faster settling particles called flocs, but floc settling velocity theory has not been fully validated. Data from the Wax Lake Delta verify a semi-empirical model relying on turbulence and geochemical factors. We showed that the representative grain diameter within flocs relies on floc structure and that floc internal flow follows a model in which flocs consist of permeable grain clusters, thus improving a physics-based settling velocity model.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Edge rounding in Shap granite glacial erratics is an irregular function of distance from the source outcrop in northern England, UK. Block shape is conservative, evolving according to block fracture mechanics – stochastic and silver ratio models – towards either of two attractor states. Progressive reduction in size occurs for blocks transported at the sole of the ice mass where the blocks are subject to compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting against a bedrock or till surface.
Stefan Hergarten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-336, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-336, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Faceted topographies are impressing footprints of active tectonics in geomorphology. This paper investigates the evolution of faceted topographies at normal faults and its interaction with the river network theoretically and numerically. As a main result beyond several relations for the the geometry of facets, the horizontal displacement associated to normal faults is crucial for the dissection of initially polygonal facets into triangular facets bounded by almost parallel rivers.
Gary Parker, Chenge An, Michael P. Lamb, Marcelo H. Garcia, Elizabeth H. Dingle, and Jeremy G. Venditti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River morphology has traditionally been divided by the size 2 mm. We use dimensionless arguments to show that particles in the 1–5 mm range (i) are the finest range not easily suspended by alluvial flood flows, (ii) are transported preferentially over coarser gravel, and (iii), within limits, are also transported preferentially over sand. We show how fluid viscosity mediates the special status of sediment in this range.
Lindsay Marie Capito, Enrico Pandrin, Walter Bertoldi, Nicola Surian, and Simone Bizzi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 321–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose that the pattern of erosion and deposition from repeat topographic surveys can be a proxy for path length in gravel-bed rivers. With laboratory and field data, we applied tools from signal processing to quantify this periodicity and used these path length estimates to calculate sediment transport using the morphological method. Our results highlight the potential to expand the use of the morphological method using only remotely sensed data as well as its limitations.
Caroline Fenske, Jean Braun, François Guillocheau, and Cécile Robin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-160, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-160, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new numerical model to represent the formation of ferricretes which are iron-rich, hard layers found in soils and at the surface of the Earth. We assume that the formation mechanism implies variations in the height of the water table and that the hardening rate is proportional to precipitation. The model allows us to quantify the potential feedbacks they generate on the surface topography and the thickness of the regolith/soil layer.
Xuxu Wu, Jonathan Malarkey, Roberto Fernández, Jaco H. Baas, Ellen Pollard, and Daniel R. Parsons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The seabed changes from flat to rippled in response to the frictional influence of waves and currents. This experimental study has shown that the speed of this change, the size of ripples that result and even whether ripples appear also depend on the amount of sticky mud present. This new classification on the basis of initial mud content should lead to improvements in models of seabed change in present environments by engineers and the interpretation of past environments by geologists.
Andrea D'Alpaos, Davide Tognin, Laura Tommasini, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment erosion induced by wind waves is one of the main drivers of the morphological evolution of shallow tidal environments. However, a reliable description of erosion events for the long-term morphodynamic modelling of tidal systems is still lacking. By statistically characterizing sediment erosion dynamics in the Venice Lagoon over the last 4 centuries, we set up a novel framework for a synthetic, yet reliable, description of erosion events in tidal systems.
Davide Tognin, Andrea D'Alpaos, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of sediment transport processes is necessary to understand the fate of shallow tidal environments. Here we present a framework for the description of suspended sediment dynamics to quantify deposition in the long-term modelling of shallow tidal systems. This characterization, together with that of erosion events, allows one to set up synthetic, yet reliable, models for the long-term evolution of tidal landscapes.
Emma L. S. Graf, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikaël Attal, Boris Gailleton, Basanta Raj Adhikari, and Bishnu Raj Baral
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 135–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite images, we show that, unlike other examples of earthquake-affected rivers, the rivers of central Nepal experienced little increase in sedimentation following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Instead, a catastrophic flood occurred in 2021 that buried towns and agricultural land under up to 10 m of sediment. We show that intense storms remobilised glacial sediment from high elevations causing much a greater impact than flushing of earthquake-induced landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listening to the acoustic noise generated by particle impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Jessica Laible, Guillaume Dramais, Jérôme Le Coz, Blaise Calmel, Benoît Camenen, David J. Topping, William Santini, Gilles Pierrefeu, and François Lauters
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2348, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2348, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Suspended-sand fluxes in rivers vary with time and space, complicating their measurement. The proposed method captures the vertical and lateral variations of suspended-sand concentration throughout a river cross section. It merges water samples taken at various positions throughout the cross section with high-resolution acoustic velocity and discharge measurements. The method also determines the sand flux uncertainty and can be easily applied to other sites using the available open-source code.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 105–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a detailed characterization of the frequency, intensity and duration of flooding events at a site along the Texas coast. Our analysis demonstrates the suitability of relatively simple wave run-up models to estimate the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. Our results validate and expand a probabilistic model of coastal flooding driven by wave run-up that can then be used in coastal risk management in response to sea level rise.
Shunsuke Oya, Fumitoshi Imaizumi, and Shoki Takayama
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 67–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows was performed at Ohya landslide scar, central Japan. The pore water pressure in some partly saturated flows greatly exceeded the hydrostatic pressure. The depth gradient of the pore water pressure in the lower part of the flow was generally higher than the upper part of the flow. We conclude that excess pore water pressure is present in many debris flow surges and is an important mechanism in debris flow behavior.
Gabriele Barile, Marco Redolfi, and Marco Tubino
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River bifurcations often show the closure of one branch (avulsion), whose causes are still poorly understood. Our model shows that when one branch stops transporting sediments, the other considerably erodes and captures much more flow, resulting in a self-sustaining process. This phenomenon intensifies when increasing the length of the branches, eventually leading to branch closure. This work may help to understand when avulsions occur and thus to design sustainable river restoration projects.
Rémi Bossis, Vincent Regard, Sébastien Carretier, and Sandrine Choy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The erosion of rocky coasts occurs episodically through wave action and landslides, constituting a major natural hazard. Documenting the factors that control the coastal retreat rate over millennia is fundamental to evidencing any change in time. However, the known rates to date are essentially representative of the last few decades. Here, we present a new method using the concentration of an isotope, 10Be in sediment eroded from the cliff to quantify its retreat rate averaged over millennia.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal flooding can cause significant damage to coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities and is expected to increase in frequency with the acceleration of sea level rise. In order to respond to it, it is crucial to measure and model their frequency and intensity. Here, we show deep-learning techniques can be successfully used to automatically detect flooding events from complex coastal imagery, opening the way to real-time monitoring and data acquisition for model development.
Judith Y. Zomer, Bart Vermeulen, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1283–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary bedforms that are superimposed on large, primary dunes likely play a large role in fluvial systems. This study demonstrates that they can be omnipresent. Especially during peak flows, they grow large and can have steep slopes, likely affecting flood risk and sediment transport dynamics. Primary dune morphology determines whether they continuously or intermittently migrate. During discharge peaks, the secondary bedforms can become the dominant dune scale.
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Christopher Tomsett and Julian Leyland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1223–1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation influences how rivers change through time, yet the way in which we analyse vegetation is limited. Current methods collect detailed data at the individual plant level or determine dominant vegetation types across larger areas. Herein, we use UAVs to collect detailed vegetation datasets for a 1 km length of river and link vegetation properties to channel evolution occurring within the study site, providing a new method for investigating the influence of vegetation on river systems.
Rabab Yassine, Ludovic Cassan, Hélène Roux, Olivier Frysou, and François Pérès
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1199–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting river morphology evolution is very complicated, especially for mountain rivers with complex morphologies such as the Lac des Gaves reach in France. A 2D hydromorphological model was developed to reproduce the channel's evolution and provide reliable volumetric predictions while revealing the challenge of choosing adapted sediment transport and friction laws. Our model can provide decision-makers with reliable predictions to design suitable restoration measures for this reach.
Cited articles
Albert, J. S. and Carvalho, T. P.: Neogene assembly of modern faunas, in: Historical biogeography of Neotropical freshwater fishes, edited by: Reis, R. E. and Albert, J. S., University of California Press, UK, 119–136, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520268685.003.0007, 2011.
Albert, J. S. and Crampton, W. G. R.: The geography and ecology of
diversification in Neotropical freshwaters, Nat. Educ. Knowledge, 1, 13–19, 2010.
Albert, J. S., Petry, P., and Reis, R. E.: Major biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns, in: Historical biogeography of Neotropical freshwater fishes, edited by: Reis, R. E. and Albert, J. S., University of California Press, UK, 21–58, https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520268685.003.0002, 2011.
Albert, J. S., Craig, J. M., Tagliacollo, V. A., and Petry, P.: Upland and
lowland fishes: a test of the river capture hypothesis, in: Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity, Wiley-Blackwell, New York, 273–294, 2018.
Anders, A. M., Roe, G. H., Montgomery, D. R., and Hallet, B.: Influence of
precipitation phase on the form of mountain ranges, Geology, 36, 479–482,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G24821A.1, 2008.
Badgley, C.: Tectonics, topography, and mammalian diversity, Ecography, 33,
220–231, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06282.x, 2010.
Badgley, C., Smiley, T. M., Terry, R., Davis, E. B., DeSantis, L. R., Fox, D. L., Hopkins, S. S., Jezkova, T., Matocq, M. D., Matzke, N., and McGuire, J. L.: Biodiversity and topographic complexity: modern and geohistorical perspectives, Trends Ecol. Evol., 32, 211–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.010, 2017.
Barnhart, K. R., Hutton, E., Gasparini, N. M., and Tucker, G. E.: Lithology:
A Landlab submodule for spatially variable rock properties, J. Open Sour. Softw., 3, 979, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00979, 2018.
Barnhart, K. R., Hutton, E. W. H., Tucker, G. E., Gasparini, N. M., Istanbulluoglu, E., Hobley, D. E. J., Lyons, N. J., Mouchene, M., Nudurupati, S. S., Adams, J. M., and Bandaragoda, C.: Short communication: Landlab v2.0: a software package for Earth surface dynamics, Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 379–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-379-2020, 2020.
Beaulieu, J. M. and O'Meara, B. C.: Extinction can be estimated from moderately sized molecular phylogenies, Evolution, 69, 1036–1043,
https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12614, 2015.
Beavan, J., Denys, P., Denham, M., Hager, B., Herring, T., and Molnar, P.:
Distribution of present-day vertical deformation across the Southern Alps,
New Zealand, from 10 years of GPS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044165, 2010.
Berlin, M. M. and Anderson, R. S.: Modeling of knickpoint retreat on the
Roan Plateau, western Colorado, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 112, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000553, 2007.
Bishop, P.: Drainage rearrangement by river capture, beheading and diversion, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 19, 449–473, https://doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900402, 1995.
Bonnet, S.: Shrinking and splitting of drainage basins in orogenic landscapes from the migration of the main drainage divide, Nat. Geosci., 2, 766–771, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO666, 2009.
Bossu, C. M., Beaulieu, J. M., Ceas, P. A., and Near, T. J.: Explicit tests
of palaeodrainage connections of southeastern North America and the historical biogeography of Orangethroat Darters (Percidae: Etheostoma: Ceasia), Mol. Ecol., 22, 5397–5417, https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12485, 2013.
Burbank, D. W., Leland, J., Fielding, E., Anderson, R. S., Brozovic, N., Reid, M. R., and Duncan, C.: Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold
hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 505–510,
https://doi.org/10.1038/379505a0, 1996.
Burridge, C. P., Craw, D., and Waters, J. M.: River capture, range expansion, and cladogenesis: the genetic signature of freshwater vicariance, Evolution, 60, 1038–1049, https://doi.org/10.1554/05-439.1, 2006.
Burridge, C. P., Craw, D., Jack, D. C., King, T. M., and Waters, J. M.: Does
fish ecology predict dispersal across a river drainage divide?, Evolution,
62, 1484–1499, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00377.x, 2008.
Castelltort, S., Goren, L., Willett, S. D., Champagnac, J. D., Herman, F., and Braun, J.: River drainage patterns in the New Zealand Alps primarily
controlled by plate tectonic strain, Nat. Geosci., 5, 744–748,
https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO1582, 2012.
Cowie, P. A.: A healing–reloading feedback control on the growth rate of
seismogenic faults, J. Struct. Geol., 20, 1075–1087,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00034-0, 1998.
Coyne, J. A.: Genetics and speciation, Nature, 355, 511–515, 1992.
Craw, D., Upton, P., Burridge, C. P. Wallis, G. P., and Waters, J. M.: Rapid
biological speciation driven by tectonic evolution in New Zealand, Nat. Geosci., 9, 140–145, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2618, 2016.
Crispo, E., Bentzen, P., Reznick, D. N., Kinnison, M. T., and Hendry, A. P.:
The relative influence of natural selection and geography on gene flow in
guppies, Mol. Ecol., 15, 49–62, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02764.x, 2006.
Culling, W. E. H.: Soil creep and the development of hillside slopes, J. Geol., 71, 127–161, https://doi.org/10.1086/626891, 1963.
D'Agostino, N., Jackson, J. A., Dramis, F., and Funiciello, R.: Interactions
between mantle upwelling, drainage evolution and active normal faulting: an
example from the central Apennines (Italy), Geophys. J. Int., 147, 475–497,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2001.00539.x, 2001.
Dahlquist, M. P., West, A. J., and Li, G.: Landslide-driven drainage divide
migration, Geology, 46, 403–406, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39916.1, 2018.
Forte, A. M. and Whipple, K. X.: Criteria and tools for determining drainage divide stability, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 493, 102–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.026, 2018.
Forte, A. M., Yanites, B. J., and Whipple, K. X.: Complexities of landscape
evolution during incision through layered stratigraphy with contrasts in
rock strength, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 41, 1736–1757, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3947, 2016.
Gallen, S. F.: Lithologic controls on landscape dynamics and aquatic species
evolution in post-orogenic mountains, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 493, 150–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.04.029, 2018.
Giachetta, E., Refice, A., Capolongo, D., Gasparini, N. M., and Pazzaglia, F. J.: Orogen-scale drainage network evolution and response to erodibility changes: insights from numerical experiments, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 39,
1259–1268, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3579, 2014.
Gilbert, G. K.: Report on the Geology of the Henry Mountains (Utah), Survey
of the Rocky Mountains Region Rep., United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51652, 1877.
Goren, L., Willett, S. D., Herman, F., and Braun, J.: Coupled numerical–analytical approach to landscape evolution modeling, Earth
Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 522–545, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3514, 2014.
Gotelli, N. J., Anderson, M. J., Arita, H. T., Chao, A., Colwell, R. K.,
Connolly, S. R., Currie, D. J., Dunn, R. R., Graves, G. R., Green, J. L., and Grytnes, J. A.: Patterns and causes of species richness: a general simulation model for macroecology, Ecol. Lett., 12, 873–886, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01353.x, 2009.
Grant, E. H. C., Lowe, W. H., and Fagan, W. F.: Living in the branches:
population dynamics and ecological processes in dendritic networks, Ecol. Lett., 10, 165–175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.01007.x, 2007.
Grant, E. H. C., Nichols, J. D., Lowe, W. H., and Fagan, W. F.: Use of multiple dispersal pathways facilitates amphibian persistence in stream networks, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6936–6940, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000266107, 2010.
Grenyer, R., Orme, C. D. L., Jackson, S. F., Thomas, G. H., Davies, R. G.,
Davies, T. J., Jones, K. E., Olson, V. A., Ridgely, R. S., Rasmussen, P. C.,
and Ding, T. S.: Global distribution and conservation of rare and threatened
vertebrates, Nature, 444, 93–96, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05237, 2006.
Grossman, G. D., Ratajczak, R. E., Farr, M. D., Wagner, C. M., and Petty, J.
T.: Why there are fewer fish upstream, Am. Fish. Soc. Symp., 73, 63–81, 2010.
Guerit, L., Dominguez, S., Malavieille, J., and Castelltort, S.: Deformation
of an experimental drainage network in oblique collision, Tectonophysics,
693, 210–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.04.016, 2016.
Guerit, L., Goren, L., Dominguez, S., Malavieille, J., and Castelltort, S.:
Landscape `stress' and reorganization from χ-maps: Insights from
experimental drainage networks in oblique collision setting, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 43, 3152–3163, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4477, 2018.
Han, J., Gasparini, N. M., and Johnson, J. P.: Measuring the imprint of
orographic rainfall gradients on the morphology of steady-state numerical
fluvial landscapes, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 40, 1334–1350,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3723, 2015.
Harel, E., Goren, L., Shelef, E., and Ginat, H.: Drainage reversal toward
cliffs induced by lateral lithologic differences, Geology, 47, 928–932,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G46353.1, 2019.
He, F. and Hubbell, S. P.: Species–area relationships always overestimate
extinction rates from habitat loss, Nature, 473, 368–371,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09985, 2011.
Herman, J. and Usher, W.: SALib: An open-source Python library for Sensitivity Analysis, J. Open Sour. Softw., 2, 97, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.00097, 2017.
Hobley, D. E. J., Adams, J. M., Nudurupati, S. S., Hutton, E. W. H., Gasparini, N. M., Istanbulluoglu, E., and Tucker, G. E.: Creative computing
with Landlab: an open-source toolkit for building, coupling, and exploring
two-dimensional numerical models of Earth-surface dynamics, Earth Surf.
Dynam., 5, 21–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-21-2017, 2017.
Hoeinghaus, D. J., Winemiller, K. O., and Taphorn, D. C.: Compositional
change in fish assemblages along the Andean piedmont-Llanos floodplain gradient of the río Portuguesa, Venezuela, Neotrop. Ichthyol., 2, 85–92, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252004000200005, 2004.
Howard, A. D.: Simulation model of stream capture, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 82, 1355–1376, 1971.
Howard, A. D., Dietrich, W. E., and Seidl, M. A.: Modeling fluvial erosion
on regional to continental scales, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 99, 13971–13986, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00744, 1994.
Hubbell, S. P.: The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography,
Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2001.
Kozak, K. H., Blaine, R. A., and Larson, A.: Gene lineages and eastern North
American palaeodrainage basins: phylogeography and speciation in salamanders
of the Eurycea bislineata species complex, Mol. Ecol., 15, 191–207,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02757.x, 2006.
Lague, D.: The stream power river incision model: evidence, theory and beyond, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 38–61, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3462, 2014.
Lyons, N. J., Val, P., Albert, J. S., Willenbring, J. K., Gasparini, N. M.:
Drainage reorganisation and species evolution: model sensitivity analysis
data (Version 1.0.1), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3893629, 2019.
Lyons, N. J., Albert, J. S., and Gasparini, N. M.: SpeciesEvolver: A Landlab
component to evolve life in simulated landscapes, J. Open Sour. Softw., 5, 2066, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02066, 2020.
Martin, Y.: Modelling hillslope evolution: linear and nonlinear transport
relations, Geomorphology, 34, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00127-0, 2000.
Moodie, A. J., Pazzaglia, F. J., and Berti, C.: Exogenic forcing and autogenic processes on continental divide location and mobility, Basin Res., 30, 344–369, 2018.
Muneepeerakul, R., Bertuzzo, E., Lynch, H. J., Fagan, W. F., Rinaldo, A., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.: Neutral metacommunity models predict fish diversity patterns in Mississippi–Missouri basin, Nature, 453, 220–222,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06813, 2008.
Pelletier, J. D.: Persistent drainage migration in a numerical landscape
evolution model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020802, 2004.
Perron, J. T.: Climate and the pace of erosional landscape evolution, Annu.
Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 45, 561–591, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105405, 2017.
Prince, P. S., Spotila, J. A., and Henika, W. S.: Stream capture as driver
of transient landscape evolution in a tectonically quiescent setting, Geology, 39, 823–826, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32008.1, 2011.
Rabosky, D. L.: Ecological limits and diversification rate: alternative
paradigms to explain the variation in species richness among clades and
regions, Ecol. Lett., 12, 735–743, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01333.x, 2009.
Rahbek, C.: The relationship among area, elevation, and regional species
richness in neotropical birds, Am. Nat., 149, 875–902, https://doi.org/10.1086/286028, 1997.
Rangel, T. F., Edwards, N. R., Holden, P. B., Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., Gosling, W. D., Coelho, M. T. P., Cassemiro, F. A., Rahbek, C., and Colwell, R. K.: Modeling the ecology and evolution of biodiversity: Biogeographical cradles, museums, and graves, Science, 361, eaar5452, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar5452, 2018.
Roberts, G. P. and Michetti, A. M.: Spatial and temporal variations in growth rates along active normal fault systems: an example from The Lazio–Abruzzo Apennines, central Italy, J. Struct. Geol., 26, 339–376, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(03)00103-2, 2004.
Roxo, F. F., Albert, J. S., Silva, G. S., Zawadzki, C. H., Foresti, F., and
Oliveira, C.: Molecular phylogeny and biogeographic history of the armored
Neotropical catfish subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and
Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), PLoS One, 9, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105564, 2014.
Salles, T., Rey, P., and Bertuzzo, E.: Mapping landscape connectivity as a
driver of species richness under tectonic and climatic forcing, Earth Surf.
Dynam., 7, 895–910, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-895-2019, 2019.
Seagren, E. G. and Schoenbohm, L. M.: Base Level and Lithologic Control of
Drainage Reorganization in the Sierra de las Planchadas, NW Argentina, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth, 124, 1516–1539, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004885, 2019.
Shobe, C. M., Tucker, G. E., and Barnhart, K. R.: The SPACE 1.0 model: a
Landlab component for 2-D calculation of sediment transport, bedrock erosion, and landscape evolution, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4577–4604, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4577-2017, 2017.
Simpson, G. G.: Species density of North American recent mammals, Syst. Zool., 13, 57–73, https://doi.org/10.2307/2411825, 1964.
Sobol, I. M.: On the distribution of points in a cube and approximate
evaluation of integrals, Zh. Vychisl. Mat. Mat. Fiz., 7, 784–802, 1967 (in
Russian); Comp. Math. Math. Phys., 7, 86–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-5553(67)90144-9, 1967 (in English).
Sobol, I. M.: Global sensitivity indices for nonlinear mathematical models
and their Monte Carlo estimates, Math. Comput. Simul., 55, 271–280,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4754(00)00270-6, 2001.
Stanley, S. M.: Macroevolution: Pattern and Process, The Johns Hopkins
University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 1979.
Stock, J. D. and Montgomery, D. R.: Geologic constraints on bedrock river
incision using the stream power law, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid., 104, 4983–4993, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02139, 1999.
Stokes, M. F., Goldberg, S. L., and Perron, J. T.: Ongoing river capture in
the Amazon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5545–5552, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078129, 2018.
Strauch, R., Istanbulluoglu, E., Nudurupati, S. S., Bandaragoda, C., Gasparini, N. M., and Tucker, G. E.: A hydroclimatological approach to
predicting regional landslide probability using Landlab, Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 49–75 https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-49-2018, 2018.
Tagliacollo, V. A., Roxo, F. F., Duke-Sylvester, S. M., Oliveira, C., and
Albert, J. S.: Biogeographical signature of river capture events in Amazonian lowlands, J. Biogeogr., 42, 2349–2362, https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12594, 2015.
Tedesco, P. A., Leprieur, F., Hugueny, B., Brosse, S., Dürr, H. H., Beauchard, O., Busson, F., and Oberdorff, T.: Patterns and processes of
global riverine fish endemism, Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 21, 977–987,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00749.x, 2012.
Venditti, C., Meade, A., and Pagel, M.: Phylogenies reveal new interpretation
of speciation and the Red Queen, Nature, 463, 349–352, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08630, 2010.
Waters, J. M. and Wallis, G. P.: Across the southern Alps by river capture?
Freshwater fish phylogeography in South Island, New Zealand, Mol. Ecol., 9,
1577–1582, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01035.x, 2000.
Waters, J. M., Wallis, G. P., Burridge, C. P., and Craw, D.: Geology shapes
biogeography: Quaternary river-capture explains New Zealand's biologically
“composite” Taieri River, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 120, 47–56,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.04.023, 2015.
Whipple, K. X.: Bedrock rivers and the geomorphology of active orogens, Annu. Rev. Earth Plant. Sci., 32, 151–185, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.32.101802.120356, 2004.
Whipple, K. X. and Tucker, G. E.: Dynamics of the stream-power river incision model: Implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 104, 17661–17674, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900120, 1999.
Whipple, K. X., Forte, A. M., DiBiase, R. A., Gasparini, N. M., and Ouimet,
W. B.: Timescales of landscape response to divide migration and drainage
capture: Implications for the role of divide mobility in landscape evolution, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 248–273, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003973, 2017.
Willett, S. D., McCoy, S. W., Perron, J. T., Goren, L., and Chen, C. Y.:
Dynamic reorganization of river basins, Science, 343, 1248765, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1248765, 2014.
Wobus, C., Whipple, K. X., Kirby, E., Snyder, N., Johnson, J., Spyropolou, K., Crosby, B., and Sheehan, D.: Tectonics from topography: Procedures, promise, and pitfalls, in: Tectonics, Climate, and Landscape Evolution, editing by: Willett, S. D, Hovius, N., Brandon, M. T., and Fisher D. M., Geol. S. Am. S., 398, 55–74, https://doi.org/10.1130/2006.2398(04), 2006.
Short summary
Organisms evolve in ever-changing environments under complex process interactions. We applied a new software modelling tool to assess how changes in river course impact the evolution of riverine species. Models illustrate the climatically and tectonically forced landscape changes that can drive riverine biodiversity, especially where topographic relief is low. This research demonstrates that river course changes can contribute to the high riverine biodiversity found in real-world lowland basins.
Organisms evolve in ever-changing environments under complex process interactions. We applied a...
