The Bohemian Massif is one of several low mountain ranges in Europe that rises more than 1 km above the surrounding lowlands. Landscape characteristics indicate relief rejuvenation due to recent surface uplift. To constrain the pace of relief formation, we determined erosion rates of 20 catchments that range from 22 to 51 m Myr^-1. Correlating these rates with topographic properties reveals that contrasts in bedrock erodibility represent a critical control of landscape evolution.