Articles | Volume 4, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Morphological properties of tunnel valleys of the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and implications for their formation
Stephen J. Livingstone
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN,
UK
Chris D. Clark
Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN,
UK
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Cited
51 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica J. Kirkham et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1959-2019
- Comment on “Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine” H. Russell 10.1139/cjes-2018-0191
- Paleofluvial and subglacial channel networks beneath Humboldt Glacier, Greenland S. Livingstone et al. 10.1130/G38860.1
- Deep and extensive meltwater system beneath the former Eurasian Ice Sheet in the Kara Sea A. Montelli et al. 10.1130/G46968.1
- Glacial curvilineations found along the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice sheet and a hypothesis of formation involving subglacial slope failure in tunnel valleys and subglacial lakes C. Clark & S. Livingstone 10.1002/esp.4324
- The evolution and disappearance of “false delta” multi-channel systems in postglacial areas (Central Europe) M. Słowik et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103044
- LiDAR-based quantitative assessment of drumlin to mega-scale glacial lineation continuums and flow of the paleo Seneca-Cayuga paleo-ice stream S. Sookhan et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107003
- Formational history of the Wicklow Trough: a marine‐transgressed tunnel valley revealing ice flow velocity and retreat rates for the largest ice stream draining the late‐Devensian British–Irish Ice Sheet M. Coughlan et al. 10.1002/jqs.3234
- Character of advance and retreat of the southwest sector of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the last glaciation C. Giglio et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107655
- Absent drumlins beneath southern lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: A new hypothesis based on Des Moines Lobe dynamics inferred from landforms N. Iverson et al. 10.1002/esp.5690
- Subglacial water storage and drainage beneath the Fennoscandian and Barents Sea ice sheets C. Shackleton et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.007
- Parallel tunnel channels of the Huron-Erie Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: A variation of tunnel channels with implications on lobe history and subglacial meltwater dynamics A. Sodeman et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107726
- Paleovalleys and Paleodepressions of the Kara Sea Vostochno-Prinovozemelsky Area Z. Zamotina et al. 10.3103/S014587522303016X
- Tunnel valleys of the central and northern North Sea (56°N to 62°N): Distribution and characteristics D. Ottesen et al. 10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106199
- Architecture of tunnel valleys in the southeastern North Sea: new insights from high‐resolution seismic imaging A. Lohrberg et al. 10.1002/jqs.3244
- The effects of tunnel channel formation on the Green Bay Lobe, Wisconsin, USA L. Zoet et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.021
- Hummock corridors in the south‐central sector of the Fennoscandian ice sheet, morphometry and pattern G. Peterson & M. Johnson 10.1002/esp.4294
- A conceptual model for glaciogenic reservoirs: From landsystems to reservoir architecture B. Kurjanski et al. 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104205
- Landforms indicative of regional warm based glaciation, Phlegra Montes, Mars C. Gallagher et al. 10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114173
- Landform evolution of Oudemans crater and its bounding plateau plains on Mars: Geomorphological constraints on the Tharsis ice-cap hypothesis A. Yin et al. 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114332
- Excavation of subglacial bedrock channels by seasonal meltwater flow F. Beaud et al. 10.1002/esp.4367
- Geomorphological signature of topographically controlled ice flow-switching at a glacier margin: Breiðamerkurjökull (Iceland) as a modern analogue for palaeo-ice sheets A. Lally et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109184
- Subglacial drainage patterns of Devon Island, Canada: detailed comparison of rivers and subglacial meltwater channels A. Grau Galofre et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1461-2018
- Modelled subglacial floods and tunnel valleys control the life cycle of transitory ice streams T. Lelandais et al. 10.5194/tc-12-2759-2018
- The Heligoland Glacitectonic Complex in the southeastern North Sea: indicators of a pre‐ or early‐Elsterian ice margin A. Lohrberg et al. 10.1111/bor.12551
- Distinct modes of meltwater drainage and landform development beneath the last Barents Sea ice sheet C. Shackleton et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1111396
- Seismic velocity anomalies in the infilling of tunnel valleys: influence on the interpretation of seismic data. An example from western Lithuania D. Gerok et al. 10.1080/11035897.2017.1397053
- Geomorphological and morphometric characterization of subglacial channels on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada S. Ruso et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109345
- Reply to the comment by H.A.J. Russell on “Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine” S. Sookhan et al. 10.1139/cjes-2019-0016
- Experimental modeling of pressurized subglacial water flow: Implications for tunnel valley formation T. Lelandais et al. 10.1002/2016JF003957
- A Late Pleistocene channelized subglacial meltwater system on the Atlantic continental shelf south of Ireland C. Giglio et al. 10.1111/bor.12536
- Tunnel valley formation beneath deglaciating mid-latitude ice sheets: Observations and modelling J. Kirkham et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107680
- Drumlinized tunnel valleys in south-central Ontario R. Mulligan et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.026
- Comparison of overdeepened structures in formerly glaciated areas of the northern Alpine foreland and northern central Europe L. Gegg & F. Preusser 10.5194/egqsj-72-23-2023
- Subglacial meltwater routes of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet N. Dewald et al. 10.1080/17445647.2022.2071648
- Regional stagnation of the western Keewatin ice sheet and the significance of meltwater corridors and eskers, northern Canada D. Sharpe et al. 10.1139/cjes-2020-0136
- An automated method for mapping geomorphological expressions of former subglacial meltwater pathways (hummock corridors) from high resolution digital elevation data E. Lewington et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.04.013
- Actively evolving subglacial conduits and eskers initiate ice shelf channels at an Antarctic grounding line R. Drews et al. 10.1038/ncomms15228
- Examining the geometry, age and genesis of buried Quaternary valley systems in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK T. Kearsey et al. 10.1111/bor.12364
- A rare signature of subglacial outburst floods developed along structural ice weaknesses in the southern sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the Drenthian Glaciation, S Poland T. Salamon & M. Mendecki 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107593
- Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine S. Sookhan et al. 10.1139/cjes-2017-0180
- GIS dataset: geomorphological record of terrestrial-terminating ice streams, southern sector of the Baltic Ice Stream Complex, last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Poland I. Szuman et al. 10.5194/essd-13-4635-2021
- Glacial geomorphology of the northern Kivalliq region, Nunavut, Canada, with an emphasis on meltwater drainage systems R. Storrar & S. Livingstone 10.1080/17445647.2017.1279081
- Paleovalleys and paleodepressions of the Kara Sea Vostochno-Prinovozemelsky area Z. Zamotina et al. 10.55959/MSU0579-9406-4-2023-63-2-117-127
- A model for interaction between conduits and surrounding hydraulically connected distributed drainage based on geomorphological evidence from Keewatin, Canada E. Lewington et al. 10.5194/tc-14-2949-2020
- Ice sheet and palaeoclimate controls on drainage network evolution: an example from Dogger Bank, North Sea A. Emery et al. 10.5194/esurf-8-869-2020
- Modeling Sediment Transport in Ice‐Walled Subglacial Channels and Its Implications for Esker Formation and Proglacial Sediment Yields F. Beaud et al. 10.1029/2018JF004779
- Seismic stratigraphy of the Sabrina Coast shelf, East Antarctica: Early history of dynamic meltwater-rich glaciations A. Montelli et al. 10.1130/B35100.1
- Aeromagnetic data reveals buried Quaternary drainage patterns in the Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) N. Pinet & V. Brake 10.1144/jgs2024-057
- Topographic Controls on Channelized Meltwater in the Subglacial Environment L. Simkins et al. 10.1029/2021GL094678
- Large subglacial meltwater features in the central Barents Sea L. Bjarnadóttir et al. 10.1130/G38195.1
51 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica J. Kirkham et al. 10.5194/tc-13-1959-2019
- Comment on “Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine” H. Russell 10.1139/cjes-2018-0191
- Paleofluvial and subglacial channel networks beneath Humboldt Glacier, Greenland S. Livingstone et al. 10.1130/G38860.1
- Deep and extensive meltwater system beneath the former Eurasian Ice Sheet in the Kara Sea A. Montelli et al. 10.1130/G46968.1
- Glacial curvilineations found along the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice sheet and a hypothesis of formation involving subglacial slope failure in tunnel valleys and subglacial lakes C. Clark & S. Livingstone 10.1002/esp.4324
- The evolution and disappearance of “false delta” multi-channel systems in postglacial areas (Central Europe) M. Słowik et al. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103044
- LiDAR-based quantitative assessment of drumlin to mega-scale glacial lineation continuums and flow of the paleo Seneca-Cayuga paleo-ice stream S. Sookhan et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107003
- Formational history of the Wicklow Trough: a marine‐transgressed tunnel valley revealing ice flow velocity and retreat rates for the largest ice stream draining the late‐Devensian British–Irish Ice Sheet M. Coughlan et al. 10.1002/jqs.3234
- Character of advance and retreat of the southwest sector of the British-Irish Ice Sheet during the last glaciation C. Giglio et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107655
- Absent drumlins beneath southern lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: A new hypothesis based on Des Moines Lobe dynamics inferred from landforms N. Iverson et al. 10.1002/esp.5690
- Subglacial water storage and drainage beneath the Fennoscandian and Barents Sea ice sheets C. Shackleton et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.007
- Parallel tunnel channels of the Huron-Erie Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: A variation of tunnel channels with implications on lobe history and subglacial meltwater dynamics A. Sodeman et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107726
- Paleovalleys and Paleodepressions of the Kara Sea Vostochno-Prinovozemelsky Area Z. Zamotina et al. 10.3103/S014587522303016X
- Tunnel valleys of the central and northern North Sea (56°N to 62°N): Distribution and characteristics D. Ottesen et al. 10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106199
- Architecture of tunnel valleys in the southeastern North Sea: new insights from high‐resolution seismic imaging A. Lohrberg et al. 10.1002/jqs.3244
- The effects of tunnel channel formation on the Green Bay Lobe, Wisconsin, USA L. Zoet et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.021
- Hummock corridors in the south‐central sector of the Fennoscandian ice sheet, morphometry and pattern G. Peterson & M. Johnson 10.1002/esp.4294
- A conceptual model for glaciogenic reservoirs: From landsystems to reservoir architecture B. Kurjanski et al. 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104205
- Landforms indicative of regional warm based glaciation, Phlegra Montes, Mars C. Gallagher et al. 10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114173
- Landform evolution of Oudemans crater and its bounding plateau plains on Mars: Geomorphological constraints on the Tharsis ice-cap hypothesis A. Yin et al. 10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114332
- Excavation of subglacial bedrock channels by seasonal meltwater flow F. Beaud et al. 10.1002/esp.4367
- Geomorphological signature of topographically controlled ice flow-switching at a glacier margin: Breiðamerkurjökull (Iceland) as a modern analogue for palaeo-ice sheets A. Lally et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109184
- Subglacial drainage patterns of Devon Island, Canada: detailed comparison of rivers and subglacial meltwater channels A. Grau Galofre et al. 10.5194/tc-12-1461-2018
- Modelled subglacial floods and tunnel valleys control the life cycle of transitory ice streams T. Lelandais et al. 10.5194/tc-12-2759-2018
- The Heligoland Glacitectonic Complex in the southeastern North Sea: indicators of a pre‐ or early‐Elsterian ice margin A. Lohrberg et al. 10.1111/bor.12551
- Distinct modes of meltwater drainage and landform development beneath the last Barents Sea ice sheet C. Shackleton et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1111396
- Seismic velocity anomalies in the infilling of tunnel valleys: influence on the interpretation of seismic data. An example from western Lithuania D. Gerok et al. 10.1080/11035897.2017.1397053
- Geomorphological and morphometric characterization of subglacial channels on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada S. Ruso et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109345
- Reply to the comment by H.A.J. Russell on “Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine” S. Sookhan et al. 10.1139/cjes-2019-0016
- Experimental modeling of pressurized subglacial water flow: Implications for tunnel valley formation T. Lelandais et al. 10.1002/2016JF003957
- A Late Pleistocene channelized subglacial meltwater system on the Atlantic continental shelf south of Ireland C. Giglio et al. 10.1111/bor.12536
- Tunnel valley formation beneath deglaciating mid-latitude ice sheets: Observations and modelling J. Kirkham et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107680
- Drumlinized tunnel valleys in south-central Ontario R. Mulligan et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.07.026
- Comparison of overdeepened structures in formerly glaciated areas of the northern Alpine foreland and northern central Europe L. Gegg & F. Preusser 10.5194/egqsj-72-23-2023
- Subglacial meltwater routes of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet N. Dewald et al. 10.1080/17445647.2022.2071648
- Regional stagnation of the western Keewatin ice sheet and the significance of meltwater corridors and eskers, northern Canada D. Sharpe et al. 10.1139/cjes-2020-0136
- An automated method for mapping geomorphological expressions of former subglacial meltwater pathways (hummock corridors) from high resolution digital elevation data E. Lewington et al. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.04.013
- Actively evolving subglacial conduits and eskers initiate ice shelf channels at an Antarctic grounding line R. Drews et al. 10.1038/ncomms15228
- Examining the geometry, age and genesis of buried Quaternary valley systems in the Midland Valley of Scotland, UK T. Kearsey et al. 10.1111/bor.12364
- A rare signature of subglacial outburst floods developed along structural ice weaknesses in the southern sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet during the Drenthian Glaciation, S Poland T. Salamon & M. Mendecki 10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107593
- Converging ice streams: a new paradigm for reconstructions of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in southern Ontario and deposition of the Oak Ridges Moraine S. Sookhan et al. 10.1139/cjes-2017-0180
- GIS dataset: geomorphological record of terrestrial-terminating ice streams, southern sector of the Baltic Ice Stream Complex, last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Poland I. Szuman et al. 10.5194/essd-13-4635-2021
- Glacial geomorphology of the northern Kivalliq region, Nunavut, Canada, with an emphasis on meltwater drainage systems R. Storrar & S. Livingstone 10.1080/17445647.2017.1279081
- Paleovalleys and paleodepressions of the Kara Sea Vostochno-Prinovozemelsky area Z. Zamotina et al. 10.55959/MSU0579-9406-4-2023-63-2-117-127
- A model for interaction between conduits and surrounding hydraulically connected distributed drainage based on geomorphological evidence from Keewatin, Canada E. Lewington et al. 10.5194/tc-14-2949-2020
- Ice sheet and palaeoclimate controls on drainage network evolution: an example from Dogger Bank, North Sea A. Emery et al. 10.5194/esurf-8-869-2020
- Modeling Sediment Transport in Ice‐Walled Subglacial Channels and Its Implications for Esker Formation and Proglacial Sediment Yields F. Beaud et al. 10.1029/2018JF004779
- Seismic stratigraphy of the Sabrina Coast shelf, East Antarctica: Early history of dynamic meltwater-rich glaciations A. Montelli et al. 10.1130/B35100.1
- Aeromagnetic data reveals buried Quaternary drainage patterns in the Gulf of St Lawrence (Canada) N. Pinet & V. Brake 10.1144/jgs2024-057
- Topographic Controls on Channelized Meltwater in the Subglacial Environment L. Simkins et al. 10.1029/2021GL094678
- Large subglacial meltwater features in the central Barents Sea L. Bjarnadóttir et al. 10.1130/G38195.1
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 14 Dec 2024
Short summary
We mapped and analysed nearly 2000 large valleys that were formed by meltwater flowing under a former ice sheet. Our results demonstrate that valleys tend to cluster together in distinctive networks. The valleys themselves are typically < 20 km long, and 0.5–3 km wide, and their morphology is strongly influenced by local bed conditions (e.g. topography) and hydrology. We suggest valleys formed gradually, with secondary contributions from flood drainage of water stored on top of or under the ice.
We mapped and analysed nearly 2000 large valleys that were formed by meltwater flowing under a...