Earth Surface Dynamics
Earth Surface Dynamics
ESurf
Articles | Volume 4, issue 3
Articles | Volume 4, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Articles | Volume 4, issue 3
Research article
 | 
26 Jul 2016
Research article |  | 26 Jul 2016

Morphological properties of tunnel valleys of the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and implications for their formation

Stephen J. Livingstone and Chris D. Clark

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Short summary
We mapped and analysed nearly 2000 large valleys that were formed by meltwater flowing under a former ice sheet. Our results demonstrate that valleys tend to cluster together in distinctive networks. The valleys themselves are typically < 20 km long, and 0.5–3 km wide, and their morphology is strongly influenced by local bed conditions (e.g. topography) and hydrology. We suggest valleys formed gradually, with secondary contributions from flood drainage of water stored on top of or under the ice.
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