Morphological properties of tunnel valleys of the southern sector of the
Laurentide Ice Sheet and implications for their formation

Livingstone, Stephen J.; Clark, Chris D.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016

Articles | Volume 4, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 4, issue 3

Research article

|

26 Jul 2016

Research article |

| 26 Jul 2016

Morphological properties of tunnel valleys of the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and implications for their formation

Stephen J. Livingstone and Chris D. Clark

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Final revised paper (published on 26 Jul 2016)
Preprint (discussion started on 21 Mar 2016)

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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- Supplement

SC1: 'General comments/suggestions with an emphasis on terminology and methodology', Marco G. Jorge, 28 Mar 2016
RC1: 'Referee comments on paper', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Apr 2016
RC2: 'Glacial geomorphology', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Apr 2016
RC3: 'Review of Livingstone and Clark', Anonymous Referee #3, 18 Apr 2016
AC1: 'Reply to comments', Stephen Livingstone, 06 Jun 2016

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

AR by Stephen Livingstone on behalf of the Authors (06 Jun 2016) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Publish as is (07 Jul 2016) by Jane Willenbring

ED: Publish as is (08 Jul 2016) by Douglas Jerolmack (Editor)

AR by Stephen Livingstone on behalf of the Authors (08 Jul 2016)

Short summary

We mapped and analysed nearly 2000 large valleys that were formed by meltwater flowing under a former ice sheet. Our results demonstrate that valleys tend to cluster together in distinctive networks. The valleys themselves are typically < 20 km long, and 0.5–3 km wide, and their morphology is strongly influenced by local bed conditions (e.g. topography) and hydrology. We suggest valleys formed gradually, with secondary contributions from flood drainage of water stored on top of or under the ice.