Articles | Volume 9, issue 1
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 19–28, 2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-19-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 19–28, 2021
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-19-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article 07 Jan 2021
Research article | 07 Jan 2021
Measurement of rock glacier surface change over different timescales using terrestrial laser scanning point clouds
Veit Ulrich et al.
Related authors
No articles found.
M. Rutzinger, K. Anders, M. Bremer, B. Höfle, R. Lindenbergh, S. Oude Elberink, F. Pirotti, M. Scaioni, and T. Zieher
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B5-2020, 243–250, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B5-2020-243-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B5-2020-243-2020, 2020
L. Winiwarter, K. Anders, D. Wujanz, and B. Höfle
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-2-2020, 789–796, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-789-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2020-789-2020, 2020
K. Anders, R. C. Lindenbergh, S. E. Vos, H. Mara, S. de Vries, and B. Höfle
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-2-W5, 317–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W5-317-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W5-317-2019, 2019
A. Kumar, K. Anders, L Winiwarter, and B. Höfle
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-2-W5, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W5-373-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W5-373-2019, 2019
Julia Boike, Jan Nitzbon, Katharina Anders, Mikhail Grigoriev, Dmitry Bolshiyanov, Moritz Langer, Stephan Lange, Niko Bornemann, Anne Morgenstern, Peter Schreiber, Christian Wille, Sarah Chadburn, Isabelle Gouttevin, Eleanor Burke, and Lars Kutzbach
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 261–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-261-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-261-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Long-term observational data are available from the Samoylov research site in northern Siberia, where meteorological parameters, energy balance, and subsurface observations have been recorded since 1998. This paper presents the temporal data set produced between 2002 and 2017, explaining the instrumentation, calibration, processing, and data quality control. Furthermore, we present a merged dataset of the parameters, which were measured from 1998 onwards.
S. Crommelinck, B. Höfle, M. N. Koeva, M. Y. Yang, and G. Vosselman
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-2, 81–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-81-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-81-2018, 2018
M. Scaioni, B. Höfle, A. P. Baungarten Kersting, L. Barazzetti, M. Previtali, and D. Wujanz
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-3, 1503–1510, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-1503-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-1503-2018, 2018
Jack G. Williams, Nick J. Rosser, Richard J. Hardy, Matthew J. Brain, and Ashraf A. Afana
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 101–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-101-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-101-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method to analyse surface change using 3-D data collected at hourly intervals. This is applied to 9000 surveys of a failing rock slope, acquired over 10 months. A higher proportion and frequency of small rockfall is observed than in less-frequent (e.g. monthly) monitoring. However, quantifying longer-term erosion rates may be more suited to less-frequent data collection, which contains lower accumulative errors due to the number of surveys and the lower proportion of small events.
Jack G. Williams, Nick J. Rosser, Mark E. Kincey, Jessica Benjamin, Katie J. Oven, Alexander L. Densmore, David G. Milledge, Tom R. Robinson, Colm A. Jordan, and Tom A. Dijkstra
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 185–205, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-185-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-185-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
There is currently no protocol for rapid humanitarian-facing landslide assessment and no published recognition of what is possible and useful to compile immediately after a triggering event. Drawing on the 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Nepal), we consider how quickly a landslide assessment based upon manual satellite-based emergency mapping (SEM) can be realistically achieved and review the decisions taken by analysts to ascertain the timeliness and type of useful information that can be generated.
Tom R. Robinson, Nicholas J. Rosser, Alexander L. Densmore, Jack G. Williams, Mark E. Kincey, Jessica Benjamin, and Heather J. A. Bell
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1521–1540, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1521-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1521-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Current methods to identify landslides after an earthquake are too slow to effectively inform emergency response operations. This study presents an empirical approach for modelling the spatial pattern and landslide density within hours to days of the earthquake. The approach uses small initial samples of landslides to identify locations where as yet unidentified landslides may have occurred. The model requires just 200 initial landslides, provided they have sufficiently wide spatial coverage.
M. Hämmerle, N. Lukač, K.-C. Chen, Zs. Koma, C.-K. Wang, K. Anders, and B. Höfle
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., IV-2-W4, 59–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W4-59-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W4-59-2017, 2017
Sabrina Marx, Katharina Anders, Sofia Antonova, Inga Beck, Julia Boike, Philip Marsh, Moritz Langer, and Bernhard Höfle
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2017-49, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2017-49, 2017
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Global climate warming causes permafrost to warm and thaw, and, consequently, to release the carbon into the atmosphere. Terrestrial laser scanning is evaluated and current methods are extended in the context of monitoring subsidence in Arctic permafrost regions. The extracted information is important to gain a deeper understanding of permafrost-related subsidence processes and provides highly accurate ground-truth data which is necessary for further developing area-wide monitoring methods.
Luisa Griesbaum, Sabrina Marx, and Bernhard Höfle
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1191–1201, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1191-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1191-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a new method for flood documentation based on user-generated flood images. We demonstrate how flood elevation and building inundation depth can be derived from photographs by means of 3-D reconstruction of the scene. With an accuracy of 0.13 m ± 0.10 m, the derived building inundation depth can be used to facilitate damage assessment.
S. Bechtold and B. Höfle
ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., III-3, 161–168, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-III-3-161-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-III-3-161-2016, 2016
Related subject area
Cross-cutting themes: Digital Landscapes: Insights into geomorphological processes from high-resolution topography and quantitative interrogation of topographic data
Coastal change patterns from time series clustering of permanent laser scan data
Short communication: A semiautomated method for bulk fault slip analysis from topographic scarp profiles
Short Communication: A simple workflow for robust low-cost UAV-derived change detection without ground control points
Computing water flow through complex landscapes – Part 1: Incorporating depressions in flow routing using FlowFill
Relationships between regional coastal land cover distributions and elevation reveal data uncertainty in a sea-level rise impacts model
A segmentation approach for the reproducible extraction and quantification of knickpoints from river long profiles
A method based on structure-from-motion photogrammetry to generate sub-millimetre-resolution digital elevation models for investigating rock breakdown features
A comparison of structure from motion photogrammetry and the traversing micro-erosion meter for measuring erosion on shore platforms
Measuring decadal vertical land-level changes from SRTM-C (2000) and TanDEM-X ( ∼ 2015) in the south-central Andes
Bank erosion processes measured with UAV-SfM along complex banklines of a straight mid-sized river reach
Identification of stable areas in unreferenced laser scans for automated geomorphometric monitoring
Unsupervised detection of salt marsh platforms: a topographic method
The determination of high-resolution spatio-temporal glacier motion fields from time-lapse sequences
Bumps in river profiles: uncertainty assessment and smoothing using quantile regression techniques
Unravelling earth flow dynamics with 3-D time series derived from UAV-SfM models
Tree-root control of shallow landslides
Automated terrestrial laser scanning with near-real-time change detection – monitoring of the Séchilienne landslide
Validation of digital elevation models (DEMs) and comparison of geomorphic metrics on the southern Central Andean Plateau
3-D models and structural analysis of rock avalanches: the study of the deformation process to better understand the propagation mechanism
Frontiers in Geomorphometry and Earth Surface Dynamics: possibilities, limitations and perspectives
How does grid-resolution modulate the topographic expression of geomorphic processes?
Suitability of ground-based SfM–MVS for monitoring glacial and periglacial processes
Image-based surface reconstruction in geomorphometry – merits, limits and developments
Topography-based flow-directional roughness: potential and challenges
A nondimensional framework for exploring the relief structure of landscapes
Topographic roughness as a signature of the emergence of bedrock in eroding landscapes
Tracing the boundaries of Cenozoic volcanic edifices from Sardinia (Italy): a geomorphometric contribution
Transitional relation exploration for typical loess geomorphologic types based on slope spectrum characteristics
Extracting topographic swath profiles across curved geomorphic features
Short Communication: TopoToolbox 2 – MATLAB-based software for topographic analysis and modeling in Earth surface sciences
Mieke Kuschnerus, Roderik Lindenbergh, and Sander Vos
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 89–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-89-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-89-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sandy coasts are areas that undergo a lot of changes, which are caused by different influences, such as tides, wind or human activity. Permanent laser scanning is used to generate a three-dimensional representation of a part of the coast continuously over an extended period. By comparing three unsupervised learning algorithms, we develop a methodology to analyse the resulting data set and derive which processes are dominating changes in the beach and dunes.
Franklin D. Wolfe, Timothy A. Stahl, Pilar Villamor, and Biljana Lukovic
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 211–219, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-211-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-211-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This short communication presents an efficient method for analyzing large fault scarp data sets. The programs and workflow required are open-source and the methodology is easy to use; thus the barrier to entry is low. This tool can be applied to a broad range of active tectonic studies. A case study in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, exemplifies the novelty of this tool by generating results that are consistent with extensive field campaigns in only a few hours at a work station.
Kristen L. Cook and Michael Dietze
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 1009–1017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-1009-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-1009-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
UAVs have become popular tools for detecting topographic changes. Traditionally, detecting small amounts of change between two UAV surveys requires each survey to be highly accurate. We take an alternative approach and present a simple processing workflow that produces survey pairs or sets that are highly consistent with each other, even when the overall accuracy is relatively low. This greatly increases our ability to detect changes in settings where ground control is not possible.
Kerry L. Callaghan and Andrew D. Wickert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 737–753, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-737-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-737-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Lakes and swales are real landscape features but are generally treated as data errors when calculating water flow across a surface. This is a problem because depressions can store water and fragment drainage networks. Until now, there has been no good generalized approach to calculate which depressions fill and overflow and which do not. We addressed this problem by simulating runoff flow across a landscape, selectively flooding depressions and more realistically connecting lakes and rivers.
Erika E. Lentz, Nathaniel G. Plant, and E. Robert Thieler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 429–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-429-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-429-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our findings examine several data inputs for probabilistic regional sea-level rise (SLR) impact predictions. To predict coastal response to SLR, detailed information on the landscape, including elevation, vegetation, and/or level of development, is needed. However, we find that the inherent relationship between elevation and land cover datasets (e.g., beaches tend to be low lying) is used to reduce error in a coastal response to SLR model, suggesting new applications for areas of limited data.
Boris Gailleton, Simon M. Mudd, Fiona J. Clubb, Daniel Peifer, and Martin D. Hurst
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 211–230, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-211-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-211-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The shape of landscapes is influenced by climate changes, faulting or the nature of the rocks under the surface. One of the most sensitive parts of the landscape to these changes is the river system that eventually adapts to such changes by adapting its slope, the most extreme example being a waterfall. We here present an algorithm that extracts changes in river slope over large areas from satellite data with the aim of investigating climatic, tectonic or geologic changes in the landscape.
Ankit Kumar Verma and Mary Carol Bourke
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 45–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-45-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-45-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The article describes the development of a portable triangle control target to register structure-from-motion-derived topographic data. We were able to generate sub-millimetre-resolution 3-D models with sub-millimetre accuracy. We verified the accuracy of our models in an experiment and demonstrated the potential of our method by collecting microtopographic data on weathered Moenkopi sandstone in Arizona. The results from our study confirm the efficacy of our method at sub-millimetre scale.
Niamh Danielle Cullen, Ankit Kumar Verma, and Mary Clare Bourke
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 1023–1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1023-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1023-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This research article provides a comparison between the traditional method of measuring erosion on rock shore platforms using a traversing micro-erosion meter (TMEM) and a new approach using structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Our results indicate that SfM photogrammetry offers several advantages over the TMEM, allowing for erosion measurement at different scales on rock surfaces with low roughness while also providing a means to identify different processes and styles of erosion.
Benjamin Purinton and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 971–987, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-971-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-971-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We show a new use for the SRTM-C digital elevation model from February 2000 and the newer TanDEM-X dataset from ~ 2015. We difference the datasets over hillslopes and gravel-bed channels to extract vertical land-level changes. These signals are associated with incision, aggradation, and landsliding. This requires careful correction of the SRTM-C biases using the TanDEM-X and propagation of significant uncertainties. The method can be applied to moderate relief areas with SRTM-C coverage.
Gonzalo Duró, Alessandra Crosato, Maarten G. Kleinhans, and Wim S. J. Uijttewaal
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 933–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-933-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-933-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The challenge to measure three-dimensional bank irregularities in a mid-sized river reach can be quickly solved in the field flying a drone with ground-control points and later applying structure from motion photogrammetry. We tested a simple approach that achieved sufficient resolution and accuracy to identify the full bank erosion cycle, including undermining. This is an easy-to-use and quickly deployed survey alternative to measure bank erosion processes along extended distances.
Daniel Wujanz, Michael Avian, Daniel Krueger, and Frank Neitzel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 303–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-303-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-303-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The importance of increasing the degree of automation in the context of monitoring natural hazards or geological phenomena is apparent. A vital step in the processing chain of monitoring deformations is the transformation of captured epochs into a common reference systems. This led to the motivation to develop an algorithm that realistically carries out this task. The algorithm was tested on three different geomorphic events while the results were quite satisfactory.
Guillaume C. H. Goodwin, Simon M. Mudd, and Fiona J. Clubb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 239–255, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-239-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-239-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marshes are valuable environments that provide multiple services to coastal communities. However, their fast-paced evolution poses a challenge to monitoring campaigns due to time-consuming processing. The Topographic Identification of Platforms (TIP) method uses high-resolution topographic data to automatically detect the limits of salt marsh platforms within a landscape. The TIP method provides sufficient accuracy to monitor salt marsh change over time, facilitating coastal management.
Ellen Schwalbe and Hans-Gerd Maas
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 861–879, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-861-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-861-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The simple use of time-lapse cameras as a visual observation tool may already be a great help for environmental investigations. However, beyond that, they have the potential to also deliver precise measurements with high temporal and spatial resolution when applying appropriate processing techniques. In this paper we introduce a method for the determination of glacier motion fields from time-lapse images, but it might also be adapted for other environmental motion analysis tasks.
Wolfgang Schwanghart and Dirk Scherler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 821–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-821-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-821-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
River profiles derived from digital elevation models are affected by errors. Here we present two new algorithms – quantile carving and the CRS algorithm – to hydrologically correct river profiles. Both algorithms preserve the downstream decreasing shape of river profiles, while CRS additionally smooths profiles to avoid artificial steps. Our algorithms are able to cope with the problems of overestimation and asymmetric error distributions.
François Clapuyt, Veerle Vanacker, Fritz Schlunegger, and Kristof Van Oost
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 791–806, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-791-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-791-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims at understanding the behaviour of an earth flow located in the Swiss Alps by reconstructing very accurately its topography over a 2-year period. Aerial photos taken from a drone, which are then processed using a computer vision algorithm, were used to derive the topographic datasets. Combination and careful interpretation of high-resolution topographic analyses reveal the internal mechanisms of the earthflow and its complex rotational structure, which is evolving over time.
Denis Cohen and Massimiliano Schwarz
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 451–477, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-451-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-451-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Tree roots reinforce soils on slopes. A new slope stability model is presented that computes root reinforcement including the effects of root heterogeneities and dependence of root strength on tensile and compressive strain. Our results show that roots stabilize slopes that would otherwise fail under a rainfall event. Tension in roots is more effective than compression. Redistribution of forces in roots across the hillslope plays a key role in the stability of the slope during rainfall events.
Ryan A. Kromer, Antonio Abellán, D. Jean Hutchinson, Matt Lato, Marie-Aurelie Chanut, Laurent Dubois, and Michel Jaboyedoff
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 293–310, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-293-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-293-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and tested an automated terrestrial laser scanning (ATLS) system with near-real-time change detection at the Séchilienne landslide. We monitored the landslide for a 6-week period collecting a point cloud every 30 min. We detected various slope processes including movement of scree material, pre-failure deformation of discrete rockfall events and deformation of the main landslide body. This system allows the study of slope processes a high level of temporal detail.
Benjamin Purinton and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 211–237, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-211-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-211-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluate the 12 m TanDEM-X DEM for geomorphometry and compare elevation accuracy (using over 300 000 dGPS measurements) and geomorphic metrics (e.g., slope and curvature) to other modern satellite-derived DEMs. The optically generated 5 m ALOS World 3D is less useful due to high-frequency noise. Despite improvements in radar-derived satellite DEMs, which are useful for elevation differencing and catchment analysis, lidar data are still necessary for fine-scale analysis of hillslope processes.
Céline Longchamp, Antonio Abellan, Michel Jaboyedoff, and Irene Manzella
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 743–755, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-743-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-743-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The main objective of this research is to analyze rock avalanche dynamics by means of a detailed structural analysis of the deposits coming from data of 3-D measurements. The studied deposits are of different magnitude: (1) decimeter level scale laboratory experiments and (2) well-studied rock avalanches.
Filtering techniques were developed and applied to a 3-D dataset in order to detect fault structures present in the deposits and to propose kinematic mechanisms for the propagation.
Giulia Sofia, John K. Hillier, and Susan J. Conway
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 721–725, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-721-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-721-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The interdisciplinarity of geomorphometry is its greatest strength and one of its major challenges. This special issue showcases exciting developments that are the building blocks for the next step-change in the field. In reading and compiling the contributions we hope that the scientific community will be inspired to seek out collaborations and share ideas across subject-boundaries, between technique-developers and users, enabling us as a community to gather knowledge from our digital landscape
Stuart W. D. Grieve, Simon M. Mudd, David T. Milodowski, Fiona J. Clubb, and David J. Furbish
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 627–653, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-627-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-627-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution topographic data are becoming more prevalent, yet many areas of geomorphic interest do not have such data available. We produce topographic data at a range of resolutions to explore the influence of decreasing resolution of data on geomorphic analysis. We test the accuracy of the calculation of curvature, a hillslope sediment transport coefficient, and the identification of channel networks, providing guidelines for future use of these methods on low-resolution topographic data.
Livia Piermattei, Luca Carturan, Fabrizio de Blasi, Paolo Tarolli, Giancarlo Dalla Fontana, Antonio Vettore, and Norbert Pfeifer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 425–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-425-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-425-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the applicability of the SfM–MVS approach for calculating the geodetic mass balance of a glacier and for the detection of the surface displacement rate of an active rock glacier located in the eastern Italian Alps. The results demonstrate that it is possible to reliably quantify the investigated glacial and periglacial processes by means of a quick ground-based photogrammetric survey that was conducted using a consumer grade SRL camera and natural targets as ground control points.
Anette Eltner, Andreas Kaiser, Carlos Castillo, Gilles Rock, Fabian Neugirg, and Antonio Abellán
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 359–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-359-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-359-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Three-dimensional reconstruction of earth surfaces from overlapping images is a promising tool for geoscientists. The method is very flexible, cost-efficient and easy to use, leading to a high variability in applications at different scales. Performance evaluation reveals that good accuracies are achievable but depend on the requirements of the individual case study. Future applications and developments (i.e. big data) will consolidate this essential tool for digital surface mapping.
Sebastiano Trevisani and Marco Cavalli
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 343–358, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-343-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-343-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The generalization of the concept of roughness implies the need to refer to a family of roughness indices capturing specific aspects of surface morphology. We test the application of a flow-oriented directional measure of roughness based on the geostatistical index MAD (median of absolute directional differences), computed considering gravity-driven flow direction. The use of flow-directional roughness improves geomorphometric modeling and the interpretation of landscape morphology.
Stuart W. D. Grieve, Simon M. Mudd, Martin D. Hurst, and David T. Milodowski
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 309–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-309-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-309-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Relationships between the erosion rate and topographic relief of hillslopes have been demonstrated in a number of diverse settings and such patterns can be used to identify the impact of tectonic plate motion on the Earth's surface. Here we present an open-source software tool which can be used to explore these relationships in any landscape where high-resolution topographic data have been collected.
D. T. Milodowski, S. M. Mudd, and E. T. A. Mitchard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 483–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-483-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-483-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Rock is exposed at the Earth surface when erosion rates locally exceed rates of soil production. This transition is marked by a diagnostic increase in topographic roughness, which we demonstrate can be a powerful indicator of the location of rock outcrop in a landscape. Using this to explore how hillslopes in two landscapes respond to increasing erosion rates, we find that the transition from soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes is patchy and spatially heterogeneous.
M. T. Melis, F. Mundula, F. DessÌ, R. Cioni, and A. Funedda
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 481–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-481-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-481-2014, 2014
S. Zhao and W. Cheng
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 433–441, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-433-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-433-2014, 2014
S. Hergarten, J. Robl, and K. Stüwe
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 97–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-97-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-97-2014, 2014
W. Schwanghart and D. Scherler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-1-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-1-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Abellán, A., Oppikofer, T., Jaboyedoff, M., Rosser, N. J., Lim, M., and
Lato, M. J.: Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities, Earth
Surf. Process. Landforms, 39, 80–97,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3493, 2014.
Barsch, D.: Permafrost creep and rockglaciers, Permafr. Periglac. Process., 3, 175–188,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430030303, 1992.
Barsch, D.: Rockglaciers, Indicators for the present and former geoecology
in high mountain environments, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1996.
Benjamin, J., Rosser, N. J., and Brain, M. J.: Emergent characteristics of
rockfall inventories captured at a regional scale, Earth Surf. Process.
Landforms, 45, 2773–2787, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4929,
2020.
Bodin, X., Thibert, E., Sanchez, O., Rabatel, A., and Jaillet, S.:
Multi-annual kinematics of an active rock glacier quantified from very
high-resolution DEMs: An application-case in the French Alps, Remote Sens.,
10, 53–65, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040547, 2018.
Bollmann, E., Klug, C., Sailer, R., and Stötter, J.: Quantifying rock
glacier creep using airborne laser scanning: A case study from two rock
glaciers in the Austrian Alps, in: Proceedings of the ICOP10, 10th International Conference on Permafrost, Salekhard, Russia, 25–29 June 2012,
49–54, 2012.
Bollmann, E., Girstmair, A., Mitterer, S., Krainer, K., Sailer, R., and
Stötter, J.: A rock glacier activity index based on rock glacier
thickness changes and displacement rates derived from airborne laser
scanning, Permafrost Periglac., 14, 347–359,
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1852, 2015.
Delaloye, R., Lambiel, C., and Gärtner-Roer, I.: Overview of rock
glacier kinematics research in the Swiss Alps: seasonal rhythm, interannual
variations and trends over several decades, Geogr. Helv., 65, 135–145,
https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-38562, 2010.
Hartl, L., Fischer, A., Klug, C., and Nicholson, L.: Can a simple numerical
model help to fine-tune the analysis of ground-penetrating radar data?
Hochebenkar rock glacier as a case study, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 48,
377–393, https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0014-081, 2016a.
Hartl, L., Fischer, A., Stocker-Waldhuber, M., and Abermann, J.: Recent
speed-up of an alpine rock glacier: an updated chronology of the kinematics
of Outer Hochebenkar rock glacier based on geodetic measurements, Geogr.
Ann. A, 98, 129–141, https://doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12127,
2016b.
Hodge, R., Brasington, J., and Richards, K.: Analysing laser-scanned digital
terrain models of gravel bed surfaces: linking morphology to sediment
transport processes and hydraulics, Sedimentology, 56, 2024–2043,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01068.x, 2009.
Hodge, R. A.: Using simulated terrestrial laser scanning to analyse errors
in high-resolution scan data of irregular surfaces, ISPRS J.
Photogramm., 65, 227–240,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2010.01.001, 2010.
Ikeda, A., Matsuoka, N., and Kääb, A.: Fast deformation of
perennially frozen debris in a warm rock glacier in the Swiss Alps: An
effect of liquid water, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 113,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000859, 2008.
Kääb, A., Haeberli, W., and Gudmundsson, G. H.: Analysing the creep
of mountain permafrost using high precision aerial photogrammetry: 25 years
of monitoring Gruben rock glacier, Swiss Alps, Permafrost Periglac., 8,
409–414, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199710/12)8:4<409::AID-PPP267>3.0.CO;2-C, 1997.
Kääb, A., Frauenfelder, R., and Roer, I.: On the response of
rockglacier creep to surface temperature increase, Global Planet. Change,
56, 172–187,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.005, 2007.
Kaufmann, V. and Ladstädter, R.: Monitoring of active rock glaciers by
means of digital photogrammetry, Int. Arch. Photogramm., 34, 108–111, 2002.
Kenner, R., Phillips, M., Hauck, C., Hilbich, C., Mulsow, C., Bühler,
Y., Stoffel, A., and Buchroithner, M.: New insights on permafrost genesis
and conservation in talus slopes based on observations at Flüelapass,
Eastern Switzerland, Geomorphology, 290, 101–113,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.011, 2017.
Klug, C., Bollmann, E., Kääb, A., Krainer, K., Sailer, R., and
Stötter, J.: Monitoring of permafrost creep on two rock glaciers in the
Austrian eastern Alps: combination of aerophotogrammetry and airborne laser
scanning, Proceedings of the ICOP10, 10th International Conference on Permafrost, Salekhard, Russia, 25–29 June 2012,
215–220,
https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1807.7284, 2012.
Klug, C., Rieg, L., Ott, P., Mössinger, M., Sailer, R., and Stötter,
J.: A multi-methodological approach to determine permafrost occurrence and
ground surface subsidence in mountain terrain, Tyrol, Austria, Permafrost
Periglac., 28, 249–265, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1896,
2017.
Krainer, K.: Der aktive Blockgletscher im Äußeren Hochebenkar, in:
Forschung am Blockgletscher, Methoden
und Ergebnisse, edited by: Schallhart, N. and Erschbamer, B., Innsbruck University Press, Innsbruck, Austria,
55–75, 2015.
Krainer, K., Bressan, D., Dietre, B., Hass, J.-N., Hajdas, I., Lang, K.,
Mair, V., Nickus, U., Reidl, D., Thies, H., and Tonidandel, D.: A
10,300-year-old permafrost core from the active rock glacier Lazaun,
southern Ötztal Alps (South Tyrol, northern Italy), Quat. Res.,
83, 324–335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.12.005,
2015.
Lague, D., Brodu, N., and Leroux, J.: Accurate 3D comparison of complex
topography with terrestrial laser scanner: Application to the Rangitikei
canyon (NZ), ISPRS J. Photogramm., 82, 10–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.009, 2013.
Micheletti, N., Tonini, M., and Lane, S. N.: Geomorphological activity at a
rock glacier front detected with a 3D density-based clustering algorithm,
Geomorphology, 278, 287–297,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.11.016, 2016.
Nickus, U., Abermann, J., Fischer, A., Krainer, K., Schneider, H., Span, N.,
and Thies, H.: Rock glacier Äußeres Hochebenkar (Austria) – Recent
results of a monitoring network, Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und
Glazialgeologie, 47, 43–62, 2015.
Pętlicki, M. and Kinnard, C.: Calving of Fuerza Aérea Glacier
(Greenwich Island, Antarctica) observed with terrestrial laser scanning and
continuous video monitoring, J. Glaciol., 62, 835–846,
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.72, 2016.
Pfeiffer, J., Höfle, B., Hämmerle, M., Zahs, V., Rutzinger, M.,
Scaioni, M., Lindenbergh, R., Oude Elberink, S., Pirotti, F., Bremer, M.,
Wujanz, D., and Zieher, T.: Terrestrial laser scanning data of the
Äußeres Hochebenkar rock glacier close to Obergurgl, Austria
acquired during the Innsbruck Summer School of Alpine Research,
PANGAEA,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902042, 2019.
Roer, I., Avian, M., Delaloye, R., Kaufmann, V., Delaloye, R., Lambiel, C.,
and Kääb, A.: Observations and considerations on collapsing active
rockglaciers in the Alps, Proceedings of the ICOP9, 9th International Conference on Permafrost, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 28 June–3 July 2008, 1505–1510,
https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-6082, 2008.
Sailer, R., Rutzinger, M., Rieg, L., and Wichmann, V.: Digital elevation
models derived from airborne laser scanning point clouds: appropriate
spatial resolutions for multi-temporal characterization and quantification
of geomorphological processes, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 272–284,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3490, 2014.
Schneider, B.: Die Bewegungsmessungen am Blockgletscher im Äußeren
Hochebenkar (Ötztaler Alpen, Tirol) seit 1938, PhD thesis, Innsbruck University, Department of Geography, Innsbruck, Austria, 137 pp., 1999.
Schneider, B. and Schneider, H.: ABHANDLUNGEN-Zur 60-jährigen Messreihe
der kurzfristigen Geschwindigkeitsschwankungen am Blockgletscher im
Äußeren Hochebenkar, Otztaler Alpen, Tirol, Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 37,
1–34, 2001.
Schürch, P., Densmore, A. L., Rosser, N. J., Lim, M., and McArdell, B.
W.: Detection of surface change in complex topography using terrestrial
laser scanning: application to the Illgraben debris-flow channel, Earth
Surf. Proc. Land., 36, 1847–1859,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2206, 2011.
Soudarissanane, S., Lindenbergh, R., Menenti, M., and Teunissen, P.:
Scanning geometry: Influencing factor on the quality of terrestrial laser
scanning points, ISPRS J. Photogramm., 66,
389–399, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.01.005, 2011.
Westoby, M. J., Lim, M., Hogg, M., Pound, M. J., Dunlop, L., and Woodward,
J.: Cost-effective erosion monitoring of coastal cliffs, Coast. Eng., 138, 152–164,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.04.008, 2018.
Williams, J. G., Rosser, N. J., Hardy, R. J., Brain, M. J., and Afana, A. A.: Optimising 4-D surface change detection: an approach for capturing rockfall magnitude–frequency, Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 101–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-101-2018, 2018.
Williams, J. G., Rosser, N. J., Hardy, R. J., and Brain, M. J.: The
importance of monitoring interval for rockfall magnitude-frequency
estimation, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth., 124, 2841–2853,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005225, 2019.
Zahs, V., Hämmerle, M., Anders, K., Hecht, S., Sailer, R., Rutzinger,
M., Williams, J. G., and Höfle, B.: Multi-temporal 3D point cloud-based
geomorphological activity quantification and analysis at an Alpine rock
glacier using airborne and terrestrial Lidar, Permafrost Periglac., 30,
222–238, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.2004, 2019.
Short summary
In this work, we use 3D point clouds to detect topographic changes across the surface of a rock glacier. These changes are presented as the relative contribution of surface change during a 3-week period to the annual surface change. By comparing these different time periods and looking at change in different directions, we provide estimates showing that different directions of surface change are dominant at different times of the year. This demonstrates the benefit of frequent monitoring.
In this work, we use 3D point clouds to detect topographic changes across the surface of a rock...
