29 Jan 2014
29 Jan 2014
Short Communication: Earth is (mostly) flat, but mountains dominate global denudation: apportionment of the continental mass flux over millennial time scales, revisited
- 1Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 33rd St., Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- 2School of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, New South Wales, Australia
- 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- 4Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
- 5Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, and Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- 1Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 33rd St., Hayden Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- 2School of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, New South Wales, Australia
- 3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- 4Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
- 5Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, and Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Abstract. Carbon dioxide consumption by silicate mineral weathering and the subsequent precipitation of carbonate sediments sequesters CO2 over geologic timescales. The rate of this carbon sequestration is coupled to rates of continental erosion, which exposes fresh minerals to weathering. Steep mountain landscapes represent a small fraction of continental surfaces but contribute disproportionately to global erosion rates. However, the relative contributions of Earth's much vaster, but more slowly eroding, plains and hills remain the subject of debate. Recently, Willenbring et al. (2013) analyzed a compilation of denudation rates and topographic gradients and concluded that low-gradient regions dominate global denudation fluxes and silicate weathering rates. Here, we show that Willenbring et al. (2003) topographic and statistical analyses were subject to methodological errors that affected their conclusions. We correct these errors, and reanalyze their denudation rate and topographic data. In contrast to the results of Willenbring et al. (2013), we find that the denudation flux from the steepest 10% of continental topography nearly equals the flux from the other 90% of the continental surface combined. This new analysis implies global denudation fluxes of ∼23 Gt yr−1, roughly five times the value reported in Willenbring et al. (2013) and closer to previous estimates found elsewhere in the literature. Although low-gradient landscapes make up a small proportion of the global fluxes, they remain important because of the human reliance, and impact, on these vast areas.
J. K. Willenbring et al.


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RC C8: 'Review comments on Willenbring et al submission esurf-2014-1', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Feb 2014
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SC C19: 'Removal of review 1', Tom Coulthard, 12 Feb 2014
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RC C21: 'A revision', Anonymous Referee #1, 13 Feb 2014
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RC C21: 'A revision', Anonymous Referee #1, 13 Feb 2014
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RC C27: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #3, 13 Feb 2014
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RC C30: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #4, 18 Feb 2014
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AC C231: 'Response to Reviews', Jane Willenbring, 31 Jul 2014


-
RC C8: 'Review comments on Willenbring et al submission esurf-2014-1', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Feb 2014
-
SC C19: 'Removal of review 1', Tom Coulthard, 12 Feb 2014
-
RC C21: 'A revision', Anonymous Referee #1, 13 Feb 2014
-
RC C21: 'A revision', Anonymous Referee #1, 13 Feb 2014
-
RC C27: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #3, 13 Feb 2014
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RC C30: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #4, 18 Feb 2014
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AC C231: 'Response to Reviews', Jane Willenbring, 31 Jul 2014
J. K. Willenbring et al.
J. K. Willenbring et al.
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Cited
6 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The number of impact craters on Earth: Any room for further discoveries? S. Hergarten & T. Kenkmann 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.009
- Plio-Pleistocene increase of erosion rates in mountain belts in response to climate change F. Herman & J. Champagnac 10.1111/ter.12186
- Geological and climatic influences on mountain biodiversity A. Antonelli et al. 10.1038/s41561-018-0236-z
- 26 Al/ 10 Be ratios reveal the source of river sediments in the Kimberley, NW Australia G. Cazes et al. 10.1002/esp.4744
- Long-term erosion rates as a function of climate derived from the impact crater inventory S. Hergarten & T. Kenkmann 10.5194/esurf-7-459-2019
- Cenozoic landscape evolution of the Kruger National Park as derived from cosmogenic nuclide analyses C. Glotzbach et al. 10.1111/ter.12223