Articles | Volume 11, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-461-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-461-2023
Research article
 | 
15 May 2023
Research article |  | 15 May 2023

Revealing the relation between spatial patterns of rainfall return levels and landslide density

Slim Mtibaa and Haruka Tsunetaka

Data sets

Basic map information: Digital elevation model (DEM10B) GSI - Geospatial Information Authority of Japan https://fgd.gsi.go.jp/download/menu.php

Model code and software

Rasterio: geospatial raster I/O for Python programmers S. Gillies and others https://github.com/mapbox/rasterio

pydata/xarray: v0.20.1 S. Hoyer, M. Roos, J. Hamman, K. Deepak Cherian, C. Fitzgerald, M. Hauser, K. Fujii, F. Maussion, and E. Al https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648431

corteva/rioxarray: 0.9.0 Release A. D. Snow, D. Brochart, R. Bell, T. Chegini, A. Amici, A. Annex, D. Hoese, F. Bunt, J. Hamman, M. Zehner, S. Henderson, S. Miller, T. G. Badger, T. Augspurger, R. Braun, S. Miller, and A. D. Snow https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5724719

Ouranosinc/xclim: v0.31.0 T. Logan, P. Bourgault, T. J. Smith, D. Huard, S. Biner, M.-P. Labonté, G. Rondeau-Genesse, J. Fyke, A. Aoun, P. Roy, C. Ehbrecht, D. Caron, A. Stephens, C. Whelan, J.-F. Low, and J. Lavoie https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5649661

matplotlib/matplotlib: REL: v3.5.0 T. A. Caswell, M. Droettboom, A. Lee, E. S. de Andrade, T. Hoffmann, J. Hunter, J. Klymak, E. Firing, D. Stansby, N. Varoquaux, J. H. Nielsen, B. Root, R. May, P. Elson, P., J. K. Seppänen, D. Dale, J.-J. Lee, D. McDougall, A. Straw, P. Hobson, P. Hannah, C. Gohlke, and A. Vincent F., Yu, T. S., Ma, E., Silvester, S., Moad, C., Kniazev, N., Ernest, E., and Ivanov, P. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5706396

scikit-posthocs: Pairwise multiple comparison tests in Python: v0.6.7 M. Terpilowski https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2639732

scipy/scipy: SciPy 1.9.0 R. Gommers, P. Virtanen, E. Burovski, W. Weckesser, T. E. Oliphant, M. Haberland, D. Cournapeau, T. Reddy, alexbrc., P. Peterson, A. Nelson, J. Wilson, endolith., N. Mayorov, I. Polat, S. V. D. Walt, P. Roy, M. Brett, D. Laxalde, E. Larson, J. Millman, Lars., peterbell10., A. Sakai, P. V. Mulbregt, C. J. Carey, E. Jones, R. Kern, Kai., and E. Moore https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6940349

mmhs013/pyMannKendall: v1.4.2 M. H. Shourov, I. Mahmud, and K. Niemeyer https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4849563

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Short summary
We explore the relation between the spatial patterns of rainfall return levels for various timespans (1–72 h) and landslide density during a rainfall event that triggered widespread landslides. We found that landslide density increases with increased rainfall return levels for the various examined timespans. Accordingly, we conclude that whether rainfall intensities reached exceptional return levels for a wide time range is a key determinant of the spatial distribution of landslides.