Balme, M. R., Bargery, A. S., Gallagher, C. J., and Gupta, S.: Martian Geomorphology: Introduction, in: Martian Geomorphology, edited by: Balme, M. R., Bargery, A. S., Gallagher, C. J., and Gupta, S., Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 356, 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP356.1, 2011.
Boyce, J. M., Mouginis-Mark, P., and Robinson, M.: The Tsiolkovskiy crater landslide, the moon: An LROC view, Icarus, 337, 113464, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.113464, 2020.
Brunetti, M. T., Guzzetti, F., Cardinali, M., Fiorucci, F., Santangelo, M., Mancinelli, P., Komatsu, G., and Borselli, L.: Analysis of a new geomorphological inventory of landslides in Valles Marineris, Mars, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 405, 156–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.08.025, 2014.
Conway, S. J., Balme, M. R., Kreslavsky, M. A., Murray, J. B., and Towner, M. C.: The comparison of topographic long profiles of gullies on Earth to gullies on Mars: A signal of water on Mars, Icarus, 253, 189–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.03.009, 2015.
Conway, S. J., de Haas, T., and Harrison, T. N.: Martian gullies: a comprehensive review of observations, mechanisms and insights from Earth analogues, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 467, 7–66, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.14, 2019.
Coquin, J., Mercier, D., Bourgeois, O., Cossart, E., and Decaulne, A.: Gravitational spreading of mountain ridges coeval with Late Weichselian deglaciation: impact on glacial landscapes in Tröllaskagi, northern Iceland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 107, 197–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.10.023, 2015.
Cossart, E., Mercier, D., Decaulne, A., Feuillet, T., Jónsson, H. P., and Sæmundsson, Þ.: Impacts of post-glacial rebound on landslide spatial distribution at a regional scale in northern Iceland (Skagafjörður), Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 336–350, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3450, 2014.
Crosta, G. B., Frattini, P., Valbuzzi, E., and De Blasio, F. V.: Introducing a New Inventory of Large Martian Landslides, Earth Space Sci., 5, 89–119, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EA000324, 2018.
Cruden, D. M. and Hu, X. Q.: Exhaustion and steady state models for predicting landslide hazards in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, Geomorphology, 8, 279–285, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(93)90024-V, 1993.
Davies, T. R. H. and McSaveney, M. J.: Mobility of long-runout rock avalanches, in: Landslides: Types, Mechanisms and Modeling, edited by: Stead, D. and Clague, J. J., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 50–58, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511740367.006, 2012.
De Blasio, F. V.: Landslides in Valles Marineris (Mars): A possible role of basal lubrication by sub-surface ice, Planet. Space Sci., 59, 1384–1392, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.04.015, 2011.
De Blasio, F. V.: Friction and dynamics of rock avalanches travelling on glaciers, Geomorphology, 213, 88–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.01.001, 2014.
Decaulne, A., Cossart, E., Mercier, D., Feuillet, T., Coquin, J., and Jónsson, H. P.: An early Holocene age for the Vatn landslide (Skagafjörður, central northern Iceland): Insights into the role of postglacial landsliding on slope development, Holocene, 26, 1304–1318, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616638432, 2016.
Dufresne, A. and Davies, T. R.: Longitudinal ridges in mass movement deposits, Geomorphology, 105, 171–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.009, 2009.
Dufresne, A., Bösmeier, A., and Prager, C.: Sedimentology of rock avalanche deposits – Case study and review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 163, 234–259, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.002, 2016.
Dufresne, A., Wolken, G. J., Hibert, C., Bessette-Kirton, E. K., Coe, J. A., Geertsema, M., and Ekström, G.: The 2016 Lamplugh rock avalanche, Alaska: deposit structures and emplacement dynamics, Landslides, 16, 2301–2319, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01225-4, 2019.
de Haas, T., Hauber, E., Conway, S. J., van Steijn, H., Johnsson, A., and Kleinhans, M. G.: Earth-like aqueous debris-flow activity on Mars at high orbital obliquity in the last million years, Nat. Commun., 6, 7543, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8543, 2015.
Fergason, L. R., Hare, T. M., and Laura, J.: HRSC and MOLA Blended Digital Elevation Model at 200 m v2, Astrogeology PDS Annex, US Geological Survey,
http://bit.ly/HRSC_MOLA_Blend_v0 (last access: 2 May 2024), 2018.
Fernández-Fernández, J. M., Etzelmüller, B., Morino, C., and Sæmundsson, Þ.: Iceland, in: Periglacial Landscapes of Europe, edited by: Oliva, M., Nývlt, D., and Fernández-Fernández, J. M., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 427–473, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14895-8_15, 2022.
Forterre, Y. and Pouliquen, O.: Longitudinal Vortices in Granular Flows, Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 5886–5889, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.5886, 2001.
Gourronc, M., Bourgeois, O., Mège, D., Pochat, S., Bultel, B., Massé, M., Le Deit, L., Le Mouélic, S., and Mercier, D.: One million cubic kilometers of fossil ice in Valles Marineris: Relicts of a 3.5 Gy old glacial landsystem along the Martian equator, Geomorphology, 204, 235–255, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.08.009, 2014.
Guimpier, A., Conway, S. J., Mangeney, A., Lucas, A., Mangold, N., Peruzzetto, M., Pajola, M., Lucchetti, A., Munaretto, G., Sæmundsson, T., Johnsson, A., Le Deit, L., Grindrod, P., Davis, J., Thomas, N., and Cremonese, G.: Dynamics of recent landslides (
<20 My) on Mars: Insights from high-resolution topography on Earth and Mars and numerical modelling, Planet. Space Sci., 206, 105303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2021.105303, 2021.
Guimpier, A., Conway, S. J., Pajola, M., Lucchetti, A., Simioni, E., Re, C., Noblet, A., Mangold, N., Thomas, N., and Cremonese, G.: Pre-landslide topographic reconstruction in Baetis Chaos
, mars using a CaSSIS Digital Elevation Model, Planet. Space Sci., 218, 105505, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2022.105505, 2022.
Hager, A. and Schedl, A. D.: Classification and Ages of Landslides Within Valles Marineris, in: 48th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 20–24 March 2017, The Woodlands, Texas, Abstract 2076, 2017.
Hartmann, W. K., Thorsteinsson, T., and Sigurdsson, F.: Martian hillside gullies and icelandic analogs, Icarus, 162, 259–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00065-9, 2003.
Head, J., Mustard, J., Kreslavsky, M., Milliken, R. E., and Marchant, D. R.: Recent ice ages on Mars, Nature 426, 797–802, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02114, 2003.
Heim, A.: Der Bergsturz und Menschenleben, Fretz und Wasmuth Verlag, Zurich, 218 pp., 1932.
Hsü, K. J.: Albert Heim: Observations on Landslides and Relevance to Modern Interpretations, in: Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 14, Elsevier, 71–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-41507-3.50009-X, 1978.
Jawin, E. R. and Head, J. W.: Patterns of late Amazonian deglaciation from the distribution of martian paraglacial features, Icarus, 355, 114117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114117, 2021.
Jawin, E. R., Head, J. W., and Marchant, D. R.: Transient post-glacial processes on Mars: Geomorphologic evidence for a paraglacial period, Icarus, 309, 187–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.01.026, 2018.
Johnson, B.: Blackhawk Landslide, California, U.S.A., in: Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 14, Elsevier, 481–504, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-41507-3.50022-2, 1978.
Johnson, B. C. and Campbell, C. S.: Drop Height and Volume Control the Mobility of Long-Runout Landslides on the Earth and Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 12091–12097, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076113, 2017.
Johnson, B. C. and Sori, M. M.: Landslide Morphology and Mobility on Ceres Controlled by Topography, J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 125, e2020JE006640, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006640, 2020.
Jónsson, Ó.: Skriðuföll og snjóflóð, Bókaútgafan Norðri, 1, 141 pp., 1957.
Kirk, R. L., Howington-Kraus, E., Rosiek, M. R., Anderson, J. A., Archinal, B. A., Becker, K. J., Cook, D. A., Galuszka, D. M., Geissler, P. E., Hare, T. M., Holmberg, I. M., Keszthelyi, L. P., Redding, B. L., Delamere, W. A., Gallagher, D., Chapel, J. D., Eliason, E. M., King, R., and McEwen, A. S.: Ultrahigh resolution topographic mapping of Mars with MRO HiRISE stereo images: Meter-scale slopes of candidate Phoenix landing sites, J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 113, E00A24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JE003000, 2008.
Kite, E. S. and Conway, S.: Geological evidence for multiple climate transitions on Early Mars. Nat. Geosci. 17, 10–19, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01349-2, 2024.
Laskar, J., Correia, A. C. M., Gastineau, M., Joutel, F., Levrard, B., and Robutel, P.: Long term evolution and chaotic diffusion of the insolation quantities of Mars, Icarus, 170, 343–364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.005, 2004.
Legros, F.: The mobility of long-runout landslides, Eng. Geol., 63, 301–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(01)00090-4, 2002.
Lucas, A., Mangeney, A., Mège, D., and Bouchut, F.: Influence of the scar geometry on landslide dynamics and deposits: Application to Martian landslides, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 116, E10001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JE003803, 2011.
Lucas, A., Mangeney, A., and Ampuero, J. P.: Frictional velocity-weakening in landslides on Earth and on other planetary bodies, Nat. Commun., 5, 3417, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4417, 2014.
Lucchitta, B. K.: A large landslide on Mars, GSA Bull., 89, 1601–1609, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1978)89<1601:ALLOM>2.0.CO;2, 1978.
Lucchitta, B. K.: Landslides in Valles Marineris, Mars, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 84, 8097–8113, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB14p08097, 1979.
Lucchitta, B. K.: Valles Marineris, Mars: Wet debris flows and ground ice, Icarus, 72, 411–429, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(87)90183-7, 1987.
Magnarini, G., Mitchell, T. M., Grindrod, P. M., Goren, L., and Schmitt, H. H.: Longitudinal ridges imparted by high-speed granular flow mechanisms in martian landslides, Nat. Commun., 10, 4711, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12734-0, 2019.
Magnarini, G., Mitchell, T. M., Goren, L., Grindrod, P. M., and Browning, J.: Implications of longitudinal ridges for the mechanics of ice-free long runout landslides, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 574, 117177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117177, 2021a.
Magnarini, G., Mitchell, T. M., Grindrod, P. M., Schmitt, H. H., and Petro, N. E.: Scaling Relationship Between the Wavelength of Longitudinal Ridges and the Thickness of Long Runout Landslides on the Moon, J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 126, e2021JE006922, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JE006922, 2021b.
Magnarini, G., Champagne, A., Morino, C., Beck, C., Philippe, M., and Conway, S. J.: Long Runout Landslides with Longitudinal Ridges in Iceland as Analogues of Martian Landforms [Dataset], Figshare [data set], https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22333036.v1, 2023.
Makowska, M., Mège, D., Gueydan, F., and Chéry, J.: Mechanical conditions and modes of paraglacial deep-seated gravitational spreading in Valles Marineris, Mars, Geomorphology, 268, 246–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.011, 2016.
Malin, M.: MRO Context Camera Experiment Data Record Level 0 V1.0, MRO-M-CTX-2-EDR-L0-V1.0, NASA Planetary Data System, https://doi.org/10.17189/1520266, 2007.
Malin, M. C., Bell III, J. F., Cantor, B. A., Caplinger, M. A., Calvin, W. M., Clancy, R. T., Edgett, K. S., Edwards, L., Haberle, R. M., James, P. B., Lee, S. W., Ravine, M. A., Thomas, P. C., and Wolff, M. J.: Context Camera Investigation on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 112, E05S04, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002808, 2007.
Mather, A. E., Hartley, A. J., and Griffiths, J. S.: The giant coastal landslides of Northern Chile: Tectonic and climate interactions on a classic convergent plate margin, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 388, 249–256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.019, 2014.
McEwen, A. S.: Mobility of large rock avalanches: Evidence from Valles Marineris, Mars, Geology, 17, 1111–1114, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017<1111:MOLRAE>2.3.CO;2, 1989.
McEwen, A. S., Eliason, E. M., Bergstrom, J. W., Bridges, N. T., Hansen, C. J., Delamere, W. A., Grant, J. A., Gulick, V. C., Herkenhoff, K. E., Keszthelyi, L., Kirk, R. L., Mellon, M. T., Squyres, S. W., Thomas, N., and Weitz, C. M.: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 112, E05S02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JE002605, 2007.
McSaveney, M. J.: Chapter 6 – Sherman Glacier Rock Avalanche, Alaska, U.S.A., in: Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 14, edited by: Voight, B., Elsevier, 197–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-41507-3.50014-3, 1978.
Mège, D. and Bourgeois, O.: Equatorial glaciations on Mars revealed by gravitational collapse of Valles Marineris wallslopes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 310, 182–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.08.030, 2011.
Melosh, H. J.: Slopes and mass movement, in: Planetary Surface Processes. Cambridge Planetary Science, Cambridge University Press, 319–347, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511977848, 2011.
Mercier, D., Cossart, E., Decaulne, A., Feuillet, T., Jónsson, H. P., and Sæmundsson, Þ.: The Höfðahólar rock avalanche (sturzström): Chronological constraint of paraglacial landsliding on an Icelandic hillslope, Holocene, 23, 432–446, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683612463104, 2013.
Mercier, D., Coquin, J., Feuillet, T., Decaulne, A., Cossart, E., Jónsson, H. P., and Sæmundsson, Þ.: Are Icelandic rock-slope failures paraglacial? Age evaluation of seventeen rock-slope failures in the Skagafjörður area, based on geomorphological stacking, radiocarbon dating and tephrochronology, Geomorphology, 296, 45–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.08.011, 2017.
Molaro, L., Discenza, M. E., Minnillo, M., Komatsu, G., and Miccadei, E.: Absolute dating and evolutionary model of large rock avalanches on Mars: Examples from the Hydraotes Chaos and Tiu Valles region, Icarus, 407, 115778, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115778, 2024.
Morino, C., Conway, S. J., Sæmundsson, Þ., Helgason, J. K., Hillier, J., Butcher, F. E. G., Balme, M. R., Jordan, C., and Argles, T.: Molards as an indicator of permafrost degradation and landslide processes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 516, 136–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.03.040, 2019.
Morino, C., Conway, S., Philippe, M., Peignaux, C., Svennevig, K., Lucas, A., Noblet, A., Roberti, G., Butcher, F., and Collins-May, J.: Permafrost molards as an analogue for ejecta-ice interactions at Hale Crater, Mars, Icarus, 391, 115363, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115363, 2023.
Okubo, C. H.: Structural geology of Amazonian-aged layered sedimentary deposits in southwest Candor Chasma, Mars, Icarus, 207, 210–225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.012, 2010.
Quantin, C., Allemand, P., Mangold, N., and Delacourt, C.: Ages of Valles Marineris (Mars) landslides and implications for canyon history, Icarus, 172, 555–572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.013, 2004.
Saemundsson, K.: Outlines of the geology of Iceland, Jökull, 29, 7–28, 1980.
Saemundsson, P., Morino, C., and Conway, S. J.: 5.22 – Mass-Movements in Cold and Polar Climates, in: Treatise on Geomorphology, 2nd Edn., edited by: Shroder, J. (Jack) F., Academic Press, Oxford, 350–370, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00117-6, 2022.
Shi, A.-W., Wang, Y.-F., Cheng, Q.-G., Lin, Q.-W., Li, T.-H., and Wünnemann, B.: The largest rock avalanche in China at Iymek, Eastern Pamir, and its spectacular emplacement landscape, Geomorphology, 421, 108521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108521, 2022.
Shreve, R. L.: Sherman Landslide, Alaska, Science, 154, 1639–1643, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.154.3757.1639, 1966.
Shreve, R. L.: The Blackhawk Landslide, GSA Special papers 108, The Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado, 47 pp., https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE108, 1968.
Singer, K. N., McKinnon, W. B., Schenk, P. M., and Moore, J. M.: Massive ice avalanches on Iapetus mobilized by friction reduction during flash heating, Nat. Geosci., 5, 574–578, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1526, 2012.
Smith, D. E., Zuber, M. T., Solomon, S. C., Phillips, R. J., Head, J. W., Garvin, J. B., Banerdt, W. B., Muhleman, D. O., Pettengill, G. H., Neumann, G. A., Lemoine, F. G., Abshire, J. B., Aharonson, O., David, C., Brown, Hauck, S. A., Ivanov, A. B., McGovern, P. J., Zwally, H. J., and Duxbury, T. C.: The Global Topography of Mars and Implications for Surface Evolution, Science, 284, 1495–1503, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5419.1495, 1999.
Vardoulakis, I.: Catastrophic landslides due to frictional heating of the failure plane, Mech. Cohes.-Frict. Mater., 5, 443–467, https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1484(200008)5:6<443::AID-CFM104>3.0.CO;2-W, 2000.
Vick, L. M., Mikkelsen, M., Corner, G. D., Kjellman, S. E., Trønnes, L., Hormes, A., Allaart, L., and Bergh, S. G.: Evolution and temporal constraints of a multiphase postglacial rock slope failure, Geomorphology, 398, 108069, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.108069, 2021.
Voight, B. and Faust, C.: Frictional heat and strength loss in some rapid landslides, Géotechnique, 32, 43–54, https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1982.32.1.43, 1982.
Watkins, J. A., Ehlmann, B. L., and Yin, A.: Long-runout landslides and the long-lasting effects of early water activity on Mars, Geology, 43, 107–110, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36215.1, 2015.
Weidinger, J. T., Korup, O., Munack, H., Altenberger, U., Dunning, S. A., Tippelt, G., and Lottermoser, W.: Giant rockslides from the inside, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 389, 62–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.017, 2014.
Whalley, W. B., Douglas, G. R., and Jonsson, A.: The Magnitude and Frequency of Large Rockslides in Iceland in the Postglacial, Geogr. Ann. A, 65, 99–110, https://doi.org/10.2307/520724, 1983.
Wyrwoll, K. H.: Causes of rock-slope failure in a cold area: Labrador-Ungava., in: Reviews in Engineering Geology: Vol. 3 – Landslides, Geological Society of America, 59–67, https://doi.org/10.1130/REG3-p57, 1977.
Zuber, M. T., Smith, D. E., Solomon, S. C., Muhleman, D. O., Head, J. W., Garvin, J. B., Abshire, J. B., and Bufton, J. L.: The Mars Observer laser altimeter investigation, J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 97, 7781–7797, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JE00341, 1992.
