Boschman, L. M.: Andean mountain building since the Late Cretaceous: a paleoelevation reconstruction, Earth-Sci. Rev., 220, 103640,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103640, 2021 (data available at:
https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/h2w7pshz44/1 (last access: 21 May 2024).
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i
Bruch, A. A., Utescher, T., and Mosbrugger, V.: Precipitation patterns in the Miocene of Central Europe and the development of continentality, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 304, 202–211,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.002, 2011.
a
Butterworth, N., Steinberg, D., Müller, R. D., Williams, S., Merdith, A. S., and Hardy, S.: Tectonic environments of South American porphyry copper magmatism through time revealed by spatiotemporal data mining, Tectonics, 35, 2847–2862,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016TC004289, 2016.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f
Clennett, E. J., Sigloch, K., Mihalynuk, M. G., Seton, M., Henderson, M. A., Hosseini, K., Mohammadzaheri, A., Johnston, S. T., and Müller, R. D.: A quantitative tomotectonic plate reconstruction of Western North America and the Eastern Pacific Basin, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 21, e2020GC009117,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009117, 2020.
a
Cooke, D. R., Hollings, P., and Walshe, J. L.: Giant porphyry deposits: characteristics, distribution, and tectonic controls, Econ. Geol., 100, 801–818,
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.100.5.801, 2005.
a
Diaz-Rodriguez, J., Müller, R. D., and Chandra, R.: Predicting the emplacement of Cordilleran porphyry copper systems using a spatio-temporal machine learning model, Ore Geol. Rev., 137, 104300,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104300, 2021.
a,
b,
c
Foster, G. L., Royer, D. L., and Lunt, D. J.: Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years, Nat. Commun., 8, 14845,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14845, 2017.
a
Fu, F. Q., McInnes, B. I. A., Evans, N. J., Davies, P. J., Schloderer, J., Griffin, W. L., and Saeed, A.: Thermal and exhumation history of the Parra Koh porphyry CU-AU deposit, Pakistan: inverse numerical modeling of U-PB-HE data, Salt Lake City Annual Meeting, 16–19 October 2005,
https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/webprogram/Paper94905.html (last access: 5 August 2025), 2005.
a,
b
Hadler Boggiani, B., Salles, T., Mallard, C. A., and Atwood, N.: Porphyry Copper Data, Zenodo [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11239057, 2024.
a,
b
Handy, M. R., Ustaszewski, K., and Kissling, E.: Reconstructing the Alps–Carpathians–Dinarides as a key to understanding switches in subduction polarity, slab gaps and surface motion, Int. J. Earth Sci., 104, 1–26,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1060-3, 2015.
a
Hedenquist, J. W., Harris, M., and Camus, F.: Geology and Genesis of Major Copper Deposits and Districts of the World: A Tribute to Richard H. Sillitoe, Society of Economic Geologists,
https://doi.org/10.5382/SP.16, 2012.
a,
b,
c
Hernando, I. R., Petrinovic, I. A., Gutiérrez, D. A., Bucher, J., Fuentes, T. G., and Aragón, E.: The caldera-forming eruption of the quaternary Payún Matrú volcano, Andean back-arc of the southern volcanic zone, J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res., 384, 15–30,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.07.003, 2019.
a
Izosov, L. A., Petrishchevsky, A. M., Emel'yanova, T. A., Chuprynin, V. I., Lee, N. S., and Vasilyeva, M. A.: The model of formation of the Western Pacific Marginal Seas: vortex geodynamics, seismicity, and mantle upwelling, J. Volcanol. Seismol.+, 14, 44–57,
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046320010029, 2020.
a
Jafrasteh, B., Fathianpour, N., and Suárez, A.: Comparison of machine learning methods for copper ore grade estimation, Computat. Geosci., 22, 1371–1388,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-018-9758-0, 2018.
a
Ji, W.-Q., Wu, F.-Y., Chung, S.-L., Wang, X.-C., Liu, C.-Z., Li, Q.-L., Liu, Z.-C., Liu, X.-C., and Wang, J.-G.: Eocene Neo-Tethyan slab breakoff constrained by 45 Ma oceanic island basalt–type magmatism in southern Tibet, Geology, 44, 283–286,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G37612.1, 2016.
a
Ji, W.-Q., Wu, F.-Y., Wang, J.-M., Liu, X.-C., Liu, Z.-C., Zhang, Z., Cao, W., Wang, J.-G., and Zhang, C.: Early evolution of Himalayan orogenic belt and generation of middle eocene magmatism: constraint from Haweng granodiorite porphyry in the Tethyan Himalaya, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 236,
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00236, 2020.
a
Keykhay-Hosseinpoor, M., Kohsary, A.-H., Hossein-Morshedy, A., and Porwal, A.: A machine learning-based approach to exploration targeting of porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the Dehsalm district, eastern Iran, Ore Geol. Rev., 116, 103234,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103234, 2020.
a
Landtwing, M. R., Pettke, T., Halter, W. E., Heinrich, C. A., Redmond, P. B., Einaudi, M. T., and Kunze, K.: Copper deposition during quartz dissolution by cooling magmatic–hydrothermal fluids: the Bingham porphyry, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 235, 229–243,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.046, 2005.
a
Leveille, R. A. and Stegen, R. J.: The Southwestern North America Porphyry Copper Province, in: Geology and Genesis of Major Copper Deposits and Districts of the World: A Tribute to Richard H. Sillitoe, Society of Economic Geologists,
https://doi.org/10.5382/SP.16.15, 2012.
a,
b
Li, X., Hu, Y., Guo, J., Lan, J., Lin, Q., Bao, X., Yuan, S., Wei, M., Li, Z., Man, K., Yin, Z., Han, J., Zhang, J., Zhu, C., Zhao, Z., Liu, Y., Yang, J., and Nie, J.: A high-resolution climate simulation dataset for the past 540 million years, Scientific Data, 9, 371,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01490-4, 2022 (data available at:
https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/A_high-resolution_climate_simulation_dataset_for_the_past_540_million_years/19920662/1, last access: 21 May 2024).
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h
Markwick, P. J. and Valdes, P. J.: Palaeo-digital elevation models for use as boundary conditions in coupled ocean–atmosphere GCM experiments: a Maastrichtian (late Cretaceous) example, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 213, 37–63, 2004. a
Mather, B. R., Müller, R. D., Zahirovic, S., Cannon, J., Chin, M., Ilano, L., Wright, N. M., Alfonso, C., Williams, S., Tetley, M., and Merdith, A.: Deep time spatio-temporal data analysis using pyGPlates with PlateTectonicTools and GPlately, Geosci. Data J., 10, 1–8,
https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.185, 2023.
a
McInnes, B., Evans, N., Fu, F., Garwin, S., Belousova, E., Griffin, W., Bertens, A., Sukarna, D., Permanadewi, S., Andrew, R., and Deckart, K.: Thermal History Analysis of Selected Chilean, Indonesian and Iranian Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au Deposits, vol. 1, PGC Publishing, 1st edn., ISBN 0958057427, 2005. a
McKinney, W.: pandas: a foundational Python library for data analysis and statistics, Python for High Performance and Scientific Computing, 14, 1–9, 2011. a
McLemore, V. T.: Potential for Laramide porphyry copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico, in: Geology of the Gila Wilderness-Silver City area, New Mexico Geological Society,
https://doi.org/10.56577/FFC-59.141, 141–149, 2008.
a
McMillan, W., Thompson, J. F. H., Hart, C., and Johnston, S.: Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera, Geosci. Can., 23, 125–134, 1996. a
Monger, J. and Price, R.: The Canadian Cordillera: geology and tectonic evolution, CSEG Recorder, 27, 17–36, 2002.
a,
b,
c,
d
Moosdorf, N., Cohen, S., and Von Hagke, C.: A global erodibility index to represent sediment production potential of different rock types, Appl. Geogr., 101, 36–44,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.10.010, 2018.
a,
b
Murphy, B. P., Johnson, J. P. L., Gasparini, N. M., and Sklar, L. S.: Chemical weathering as a mechanism for the climatic control of bedrock river incision, Nature, 532, 223–227,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17449, 2016.
a
Nathwani, C. L., Wilkinson, J. J., Fry, G., Armstrong, R. N., Smith, D. J., and Ihlenfeld, C.: Machine learning for geochemical exploration: classifying metallogenic fertility in arc magmas and insights into porphyry copper deposit formation, Miner. Deposita, 57, 1143–1166,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-021-01086-9, 2022.
a
Nocquet, J.-M., Villegas-Lanza, J. C., Chlieh, M., Mothes, P. A., Rolandone, F., Jarrin, P., Cisneros, D., Alvarado, A., Audin, L., Bondoux, F., Martin, X., Font, Y., Régnier, M., Vallée, M., Tran, T., Beauval, C., Maguiña Mendoza, J. M., Martinez, W., Tavera, H., and Yepes, H.: Motion of continental slivers and creeping subduction in the northern Andes, Nat. Geosci., 7, 287–291,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2099, 2014.
a,
b
Noury, M. and Calmus, T.: Exhumation history of the La Caridad and Suaqui Verde porphyry copper deposits in the eastern Basin and Range province of Sonora: insights from thermobarometry and apatite thermochronology, J. S. Am. Earth Sci., 105, 102893,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102893, 2021.
a
Olaya, V.: Chapter 6 Basic Land-Surface Parameters, in: Geomorphometry, edited by: Hengl, T. and Reuter, H. I., Developments in Soil Science, vol. 33, Elsevier,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2481(08)00006-8, 141–169, 2009.
a
Oliphant, T. E.: Guide to Numpy, vol. 1, Trelgol Publishing USA, Identifier NumPyBook, 2006. a
Perello, J., Razique, A., Schloderer, J., and Asad-ur-Rehman: The Chagai porphyry copper belt, Baluchistan Province, Pakistan, Econ. Geol., 103, 1583–1612,
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.8.1583, 2008.
a
Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B.: Land2Sea database of river drainage basin sizes, annual water discharges, and suspended sediment fluxes, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 10, Q06014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002356, 2009.
a,
b
Portner, D. E., Rodríguez, E. E., Beck, S., Zandt, G., Scire, A., Rocha, M. P., Bianchi, M. B., Ruiz, M., França, G. S., Condori, C., and Alvarado, P.: Detailed structure of the subducted Nazca slab into the lower mantle derived from continent-scale teleseismic P wave tomography, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 125, e2019JB017884,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017884, 2020.
a,
b,
c
Ramos, V. A.: Anatomy and global context of the Andes: Main geologic features and the Andean orogenic cycle, in: Backbone of the Americas: Shallow Subduction, Plateau Uplift, and Ridge and Terrane Collision, Geological Society of America,
https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.1204(02), 2009.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j
Ramos, V. A.: Tectonic evolution of the central Andes: From terrane accretion to crustal delamination, AAPG Special Volumes, ISBN 978-0891813972, 2018. a
Reich, M., Palacios, C., Vargas, G., Luo, S., Cameron, E. M., Leybourne, M. I., Parada, M. A., Zúñiga, A., and You, C.-F.: Supergene enrichment of copper deposits since the onset of modern hyperaridity in the Atacama Desert, Chile, Miner. Deposita, 44, 497–504,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-009-0229-3, 2009.
a
Richards, F. D., Hoggard, M. J., White, N., and Ghelichkhan, S.: Quantifying the relationship between short wavelength dynamic topography and thermomechanical structure of the upper mantle using calibrated parameterization of anelasticity, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 125, e2019JB019062,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB019062, 2020.
a
Richardson, A., Hill, C. N., and Perron, J. T.: IDA: an implicit, parallelizable method for calculating drainage area, Water Resour. Res., 50, 4110–4130,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014326, 2014.
a,
b,
c
Rusk, B. G., Reed, M. H., and Dilles, J. H.: Fluid inclusion evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution in the porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit at Butte, Montana, Econ. Geol., 103, 307–334,
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.103.2.307, 2008.
a,
b
Sacek, V.: Drainage reversal of the Amazon River due to the coupling of surface and lithospheric processes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 401, 301–312, 2014.
a,
b
Salles, T., Ding, X., and Brocard, G.: pyBadlands: a framework to simulate sediment transport, landscape dynamics and basin stratigraphic evolution through space and time, PLoS One, 13, e0195557,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195557, 2018.
a,
b
Salles, T., Rey, P., and Bertuzzo, E.: Mapping landscape connectivity as a driver of species richness under tectonic and climatic forcing, Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 895–910,
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-895-2019, 2019.
a
Salles, T., Mallard, C., and Zahirovic, S.: gospl: Global Scalable Paleo Landscape Evolution, Journal of Open Source Software, 5, 2804,
https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02804, 2020 (data available at:
https://github.com/Geodels/gospl, last access: 5 August 2025).
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f
Salles, T., Husson, L., Lorcery, M., and Hadler Boggiani, B.: Paleo-Physiography Project, HydroShare [data set, code],
https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/0106c156507c4861b4cfd404022f9580/ (last access: 5 August 2025), 2022.
a,
b
Salles, T., Husson, L., Rey, P., Mallard, C., Zahirovic, S., Boggiani, B. H., Coltice, N., and Arnould, M.: Hundred million years of landscape dynamics from catchment to global scale, Science, 379, 918–923,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add2541, 2023.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j,
k,
l,
m,
n,
o,
p,
q,
r,
s,
t
Scotese, C. and Schettino, A.: Late Permian-Early Jurassic paleogeography of western Tethys and the world, in: Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic margins, Elsevier, 57–95,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809417-4.00004-5, 2017.
a
Scotese, C. R. and Wright, N.: PALEOMAP Paleodigital Elevation Models (PaleoDEMS) for the Phaerozoic, PALEOMAP Proj, Zenodo [data set],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460860, 2018.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j,
k,
l,
m,
n,
o,
p,
q,
r
Singer, D. A., Berger, V. I., and Moring, B. C.: Porphyry Copper Deposits of the World: Database and Grade and Tonnage Models, Open-File Report, Report No. 2008–1155 US Geological Survey, series: Open-File Report,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081155, 2008.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i
Stalder, N. F., Herman, F., Fellin, M. G., Coutand, I., Aguilar, G., Reiners, P. W., and Fox, M.: The relationships between tectonics, climate and exhumation in the Central Andes (18–36°S): evidence from low-temperature thermochronology, Earth-Sci. Rev., 210, 103276,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103276, 2020.
a,
b
Stefanini, B. and Williams-Jones, A. E.: Hydrothermal evolution in the Calabona porphyry copper system (Sardinia, Italy); the path to an uneconomic deposit, Econ. Geol., 91, 774–791,
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.4.774, 1996.
a
Stern, C. R.: Active Andean volcanism: its geologic and tectonic setting, Rev. Geol. Chile, 31, 161–206,
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-02082004000200001, 2004.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f
Storetvedt, K.: The Tethys Sea and the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt; mega-elements in a new global tectonic system, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 62, 141–184,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(90)90198-7, 1990.
a,
b
Straume, E. O., Gaina, C., Medvedev, S., Hochmuth, K., Gohl, K., Whittaker, J. M., Abdul Fattah, R., Doornenbal, J. C., and Hopper, J. R.: Globsed: updated total sediment thickness in the world's oceans, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 20, 1756–1772,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC008115, 2019.
a
Syvitski, J. P. and Milliman, J. D.: Geology, geography, and humans battle for dominance over the delivery of fluvial sediment to the coastal ocean, J. Geol., 115, 1–19, 2007. a
Uieda, L., Tian, D., Leong, W. J., Toney, L., Schlitzer, W., Grund, M., Newton, D., Ziebarth, M., Jones, M., and Wessel, P.: PyGMT: A Python interface for the generic mapping tools, Zenodo [code],
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4592991, 2021.
a
Valdes, P. J., Armstrong, E., Badger, M. P. S., Bradshaw, C. D., Bragg, F., Crucifix, M., Davies-Barnard, T., Day, J. J., Farnsworth, A., Gordon, C., Hopcroft, P. O., Kennedy, A. T., Lord, N. S., Lunt, D. J., Marzocchi, A., Parry, L. M., Pope, V., Roberts, W. H. G., Stone, E. J., Tourte, G. J. L., and Williams, J. H. T.: The BRIDGE HadCM3 family of climate models: HadCM3@Bristol v1.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3715–3743,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017, 2017 (data available at:
https://www.paleo.bristol.ac.uk/ummodel/scripts/papers/Valdes_et_al_2017.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com, last access: 5 August 2025).
a,
b,
c,
d
Valdes, P. J., Scotese, C. R., and Lunt, D. J.: Deep ocean temperatures through time, Clim. Past, 17, 1483–1506,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1483-2021, 2021.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j,
k,
l,
m,
n,
o,
p
van Dongen, M., Weinberg, R., Tomkins, A., and Armstrong, R.: Ancient crust in the world's youngest giant porphyry Cu-Au deposit, Ok Tedi, Papua New Guinea, Conference, AGU Fall Meeting, 2007AGUFMV33F.07V, 2007, V33F–07, 9–14 December 2007 in San Francisco, Calif.,
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V33F..07V, 2007. a
van Dongen, M., Weinberg, R. F., Tomkins, A. G., Armstrong, R. A., and Woodhead, J. D.: Recycling of Proterozoic crust in Pleistocene juvenile magma and rapid formation of the Ok Tedi porphyry Cu–Au deposit, Papua New Guinea, Lithos, 114, 282–292,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.09.003, 2010.
a
Vérard, C., Hochard, C., Baumgartner, P. O., Stampfli, G. M., and Liu, M.: 3D palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations, Journal of Palaeogeography, 4, 64–84,
https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.~J.1261.2015.00068, 2015.
a
Whipple, K. X. and Tucker, G. E.: Dynamics of the stream power river incision model: Implications for height limits of mountain ranges, landscape response timescales, and research needs, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 104, 17661–17674, 1999. a
Wilkinson, B. H. and McElroy, B. J.: The impact of humans on continental erosion and sedimentation, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 119, 140–156,
https://doi.org/10.1130/B25899.1, 2007.
a,
b
Willenbring, J. K., Codilean, A. T., and McElroy, B.: Earth is (mostly) flat: apportionment of the flux of continental sediment over millennial time scales, Geology, 41, 343–346,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G33918.1, 2013.
a,
b
Wittmann, H., von Blanckenburg, F., Maurice, L., Guyot, J.-L., Filizola, N., and Kubik, P. W.: Sediment production and delivery in the Amazon River basin quantified by in situ–produced cosmogenic nuclides and recent river loads, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 123, 934–950, 2011. a
Yanites, B. J. and Kesler, S. E.: A climate signal in exhumation patterns revealed by porphyry copper deposits, Nat. Geosci., 8, 462–465,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2429, 2015.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j,
k,
l,
m,
n,
o,
p,
q,
r
Zhao, H., Wang, Q., Li, W., Shu, Q., Sun, X., and Deng, J.: The roles of emplacement depth, magma volume and local geologic conditions in the formation of the giant Yulong copper deposit, Eastern Tibet, Ore Geol. Rev., 145, 104877,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104877, 2022.
a
Ziegler, A., Rowley, D. B., Lottes, A. L., Sahagian, D. L., Hulver, M. L., and Gierlowski, T. C.: Paleogeographic interpretation: with an example from the Mid-Cretaceous, Annu. Rev. Earth Pl. Sc., 13, 385–428, 1985. a
Zürcher, L., Bookstrom, A., Hammarstrom, J., Mars, J., Ludington, S., Zientek, M., Dunlap, P., and Wallis, J.: Tectono-magmatic evolution of porphyry belts in the central Tethys region of Turkey, the Caucasus, Iran, western Pakistan, and southern Afghanistan, Ore Geol. Rev., 111, 102849,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.02.034, 2019.
a
