Articles | Volume 10, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1233-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1233-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Dec 2022
Research article |
| 09 Dec 2022
Combining seismic signal dynamic inversion and numerical modeling improves landslide process reconstruction
Yan Yan
Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, MOE/School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Yifei Cui
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
Xinghui Huang
China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing 100045, China
Jiaojiao Zhou
Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, MOE/School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Wengang Zhang
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing
400045, China
Shuyao Yin
Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, MOE/School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
Sheng Hu
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University,
Xi'an 710127, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Z. Li, X. Huang, Q. Xu, J. Fan, D. Yu, Z. Hao, and X. Qiao
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-675-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-675-2015, 2015
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, the actual formation time of the August 7th Zhouqu debris flows is determined to be 23:33:10 using time-by-time normalized spectrograms of broadband seismic records for the first time. Seismic signals corresponding to the maturity stage are further divided into four sub-stages. Combined with the satellite image of the Sanyanyu flow path, the mean movement velocities of the Sanyanyu debris flow during sub-stages 2 and 3 are estimated to be 9.2 m/s and 9.7 m/s respectively.
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Modeling the inhibition effect of straw checkerboard barriers on wind-blown sand
Exploring the transition between water- and wind-dominated landscapes in Deep Springs, California, as an analog for transitioning landscapes on Mars
Geology and vegetation control landsliding on forest-managed slopes in scarplands
Entrainment and deposition of boulders in a gravel bed river
Coupling between downstream variations of channel width and local pool–riffle bed topography
A combined approach of experimental and numerical modeling for 3D hydraulic features of a step-pool unit
Response of modern fluvial sediments to regional tectonic activity along the upper Min River, eastern Tibet
Geophysical evidence of massive hyperconcentrated push waves with embedded toma hills caused by the Flims rockslide, Switzerland
Comparison of calibration characteristics of different acoustic impact systems for measuring bedload transport in mountain streams
Episodic sediment supply to alluvial fans: implications for fan incision and morphometry
Failure mode of rainfall-induced landslide of granite residual soil, southeastern Guangxi Province, China
Exploring exogenous controls on short- versus long-term erosion rates globally
The effects of late Cenozoic climate change on the global distribution of frost cracking
Transitional rock glaciers at sea level in northern Norway
Grain size of fluvial gravel bars from close-range UAV imagery – uncertainty in segmentation-based data
Toward a general calibration of the Swiss plate geophone system for fractional bedload transport
Quantification of post-glacier bedrock surface erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence exposure dating
A comparison of 1D and 2D bedload transport functions under high excess shear stress conditions in laterally constrained gravel-bed rivers: a laboratory study
Back to pristine levels: a meta-analysis of suspended sediment transport in large German river channels
The story of a summit nucleus: Hillslope boulders and their effect on erosional patterns and landscape morphology in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera
Short communication: Forward and inverse analytic models relating river long profile to tectonic uplift history, assuming a nonlinear slope–erosion dependency
Probabilistic description of bedload fluxes from the aggregate dynamics of individual grains
Effect of debris-flow sediment grain-size distribution on fan morphology
Controls on earthflow formation in the Teanaway River basin, central Washington State, USA
Linking levee-building processes with channel avulsion: geomorphic analysis for assessing avulsion frequency and channel reoccupation
The imprint of erosion by glacial lake outburst floods in the topography of central Himalayan rivers
Volume, evolution, and sedimentation of future glacier lakes in Switzerland over the 21st century
Theoretical and numerical considerations of rivers in a tectonically inactive foreland
Suspended sediment and discharge dynamics in a glaciated alpine environment: identifying crucial areas and time periods on several spatial and temporal scales in the Ötztal, Austria
A multi-proxy assessment of terrace formation in the lower Trinity River valley, Texas
Alpine rock glacier activity over Holocene to modern timescales (western French Alps)
Initial shape reconstruction of a volcanic island as a tool for quantifying long-term coastal erosion: the case of Corvo Island (Azores)
Arctic Delta Reduced Complexity Model and its Reproduction of Key Geomorphological Structures
Constraints on long-term cliff retreat and intertidal weathering at weak rock coasts using cosmogenic 10Be, nearshore topography and numerical modelling
Spatio-temporal variability and controlling factors for postglacial denudation rates in the Dora Baltea catchment (western Italian Alps)
Continuous measurements of valley floor width in mountainous landscapes
Development of the morphodynamics on LIA lateral moraines in ten glacier forefields of the Eastern Alps since the 1950s
Organic carbon burial by river meandering partially offsets bank erosion carbon fluxes in a discontinuous permafrost floodplain
Estuarine morphodynamics and development modified by floodplain formation
Convolutional neural networks for image-based sediment detection applied to a large terrestrial and airborne dataset
A geomorphic-process-based cellular automata model of colluvial wedge morphology and stratigraphy
Signal response of the Swiss plate geophone monitoring system impacted by bedload particles with different transport modes
Morphodynamic styles: characterising the behaviour of gravel-bed rivers using a novel, quantitative index
Rapid Holocene bedrock canyon incision of Beida River, North Qilian Shan, China
The landslide velocity
An analytical model for beach erosion downdrift of groins: case study of Jeongdongjin Beach, Korea
Permafrost in monitored unstable rock slopes in Norway – new insights from temperature and surface velocity measurements, geophysical surveying, and ground temperature modelling
The role of geological mouth islands on the morphodynamics of back-barrier tidal basins
From apex to shoreline: fluvio-deltaic architecture for the Holocene Rhine–Meuse delta, the Netherlands
Intensified paraglacial slope failures due to accelerating downwasting of a temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Haojie Huang
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 167–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-167-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-167-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Straw checkerboard barriers (SCBs) have been widely used in anti-desertification projects. However, research on this mechanism and its laying length are still lacking. The significance of our work is to analyze some results, which seem simple but lack a theoretical basis from the perspective of turbulence through this model. This study may provide theoretical support for the minimum laying length of SCBs in anti-desertification projects.
Taylor Dorn and Mackenzie Day
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 149–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-149-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planetary surfaces are shaped by both wind and water, and their resulting surface features are commonly observed by aerial images. Deep Springs playa, CA, provides a comparable wet-to-dry-transitioning landscape as experienced in Mars' past. Our results, made through collected weather data and drone footage, show that some features, when observed solely by aerial imagery, might be interpreted as being formed by wind when in fact other processes were more influential in their formation.
Daniel Draebing, Tobias Gebhard, and Miriam Pheiffer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-71-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-71-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Scarpland formation produced low-inclined slopes susceptible to deep-seated landsliding on geological scales. These landslide-affected slopes are often used for forestry activities today, and interaction between geology and vegetation controls shallow landsliding. Our data show that Feuerletten clays control deep-seated landsliding processes that can be reactivated. When trees are sufficiently dense to provide lateral root cohesion, trees can prevent the occurrence of shallow landslides.
Pascal Allemand, Eric Lajeunesse, Olivier Devauchelle, and Vincent J. Langlois
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 21–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-21-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-21-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We recorded yearly images of a bar of the Vieux-Habitants river, a river located on Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe). These images, combined with measurements of the river discharge, allow us to monitor the evolution of the population of boulders. We estimate the smallest discharge that can move the boulders and calculate the effective transport time. We show that the likelihood of a given boulder remaining at the same location decreases exponentially, with an effective residence time of 17 h.
Shawn M. Chartrand, A. Mark Jellinek, Marwan A. Hassan, and Carles Ferrer-Boix
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers with alternating patterns of shallow and deep flows are commonly observed where a river widens and then narrows, respectively. But what if width changes over time? We use a lab experiment to address this question and find it is possible to decrease and then increase river width at a specific location and observe that flows deepen and then shallow consistent with expectations. Our observations can inform river restoration and climate adaptation programs that emphasize river corridors.
Chendi Zhang, Yuncheng Xu, Marwan A. Hassan, Mengzhen Xu, and Pukang He
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1253–1272, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1253-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1253-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Step-pool morphology is common in mountain streams. The geomorphic processes of step-pool features closely interact with hydraulic properties, which have limited access due to measurement difficulties. We established a combined approach using both physical experiments and numerical simulations to acquire detailed three-dimensional hydraulics for step-pool morphology, which improves the understanding of the links between hydraulics and morphology for a step-pool feature.
Wei Shi, Hanchao Jiang, Hongyan Xu, Siyuan Ma, Jiawei Fan, Siqi Zhang, Qiaoqiao Guo, and Xiaotong Wei
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1195–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine valleys reduce the preservation potential of Quaternary sediment in bedrock valley regions, which seriously hinders the study of modern tectonic activity. We report a new method to reveal regional tectonic activity by analyzing fluvial sediments in tectonically active regions. Our analyses identify three segments of different tectonic activities along the upper Min River, eastern Tibet. This method provides a key framework to reveal tectonic activity in other regions of the world.
Sibylle Knapp, Michael Schwenk, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1185–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Flims area in the Swiss Alps has fascinated the researchers with its complex geological history ever since. Especially the order of events related to the Tamins and Flims rockslides has long been debated. This paper presents novel results based on up to 160 m deep geophysical profiles, which show onlaps of the Bonaduz Formation onto the Tamins deposits (Ils Aults) and thus indicate that the Tamins rockslide occurred first. The consecutive evolution of this landscape is shown in four phases.
Dieter Rickenmann, Lorenz Ammann, Tobias Nicollier, Stefan Boss, Bruno Fritschi, Gilles Antoniazza, Nicolas Steeb, Zheng Chen, Carlos Wyss, and Alexandre Badoux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1165–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Swiss plate geophone system has been installed and tested in more than 20 steep gravel-bed streams. It is an indirect bedload transport measuring system. We compare the performance of this system with three alternative surrogate measuring systems, using calibration measurements with direct bedload samples from three field sites and an outdoor flume facility. Three of the four systems resulted in robust calibration relations between signal impulse counts and transported bedload mass.
Anya S. Leenman and Brett C. Eaton
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1097–1114, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1097-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1097-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The supply of sediment (sand and gravel) carried by a stream out of a steep mountain valley is widely thought to control the gradient of the fan-shaped landforms that streams often build where they leave their valley. We tested this idea in a set of
sandboxexperiments with oscillating high and low sediment supply. Even though the average sediment supply never changed, longer oscillations built flatter fans, indicating how wetter climates might affect these mountain landforms.
Shanbai Wu, Ruihua Zhao, Liping Liao, Yunchuan Yang, Yao Wei, and Wenzhi Wei
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1079–1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Granite residual soil landslides are widely distributed in southeastern Guangxi Province, China. To understand the failure mode, the landslide can provide a scientific basis for early warning and prevention. In this study, we conducted artificial flume model tests to investigate the failure mode of granite residual soil landslide. The research provides valuable references for the prevention and early warning of granite residual soil landslide in the southeast of Guangxi.
Shiuan-An Chen, Katerina Michaelides, David A. Richards, and Michael Bliss Singer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1055–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1055-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1055-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drainage basin erosion rates influence landscape evolution through controlling land surface lowering and sediment flux, but gaps remain in understanding their large-scale patterns and drivers between timescales. We analysed global erosion rates and show that long-term erosion rates are controlled by rainfall, former glacial processes, and basin landform, whilst human activities enhance short-term erosion rates. The results highlight the complex interplay of controls on land surface processes.
Hemanti Sharma, Sebastian G. Mutz, and Todd A. Ehlers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 997–1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate global changes in frost cracking intensity (FCI) using process-based models for four time slices in the late Cenozoic ranging from the Pliocene (∼ 3 Ma) to pre-industrial (∼ 1850 CE, PI). For all time slices, results indicate that FCI was most prevalent in middle to high latitudes and high-elevation lower-latitude areas such as Tibet. Larger deviations (relative to PI) were observed in colder (LGM) and warmer climates (Pliocene) due to differences in temperature and glaciation.
Karianne S. Lilleøren, Bernd Etzelmüller, Line Rouyet, Trond Eiken, Gaute Slinde, and Christin Hilbich
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 975–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In northern Norway we have observed several rock glaciers at sea level. Rock glaciers are landforms that only form under the influence of permafrost, which is frozen ground. Our investigations show that the rock glaciers are probably not active under the current climate but most likely were active in the recent past. This shows how the Arctic now changes due to climate changes and also how similar areas in currently colder climates will change in the future.
David Mair, Ariel Henrique Do Prado, Philippos Garefalakis, Alessandro Lechmann, Alexander Whittaker, and Fritz Schlunegger
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 953–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Grain size data are important for studying and managing rivers, but they are difficult to obtain in the field. Therefore, methods have been developed that use images from small and remotely piloted aircraft. However, uncertainty in grain size data from such image-based products is understudied. Here we present a new way of uncertainty estimation that includes fully modeled errors. We use this technique to assess the effect of several image acquisition aspects on grain size uncertainty.
Tobias Nicollier, Gilles Antoniazza, Lorenz Ammann, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 929–951, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring sediment transport is relevant for flood safety and river restoration. However, the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport processes makes their prediction challenging. We investigate the feasibility of a general calibration relationship between sediment transport rates and the impact signals recorded by metal plates installed in the channel bed. We present a new calibration method based on flume experiments and apply it to an extensive dataset of field measurements.
Joanne Elkadi, Benjamin Lehmann, Georgina E. King, Olivia Steinemann, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Marcus Christl, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 909–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial and non-glacial processes have left a strong imprint on the landscape of the European Alps, but further research is needed to better understand their long-term effects. We apply a new technique combining two methods for bedrock surface dating to calculate post-glacier erosion rates next to a Swiss glacier. Interestingly, the results suggest non-glacial erosion rates are higher than previously thought, but glacial erosion remains the most influential on landscape evolution.
David L. Adams and Brett C. Eaton
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 895–907, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-895-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-895-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Channel processes under flood conditions are important for river science and management as they involve high volumes of sediment transport and erosion. However, these processes remain poorly understood as the data are difficult to collect. Using a physical model of a river, we found that simple equations based on the mean shear stress and median grain size predicted sediment transport as accurately as ones that accounted for the full range of shear stresses.
Thomas O. Hoffmann, Yannik Baulig, Stefan Vollmer, Jan Blöthe, and Peter Fiener
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-45, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-45, 2022
Preprint under review for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed more than 440.000 measurements from the suspended sediment monitoring to show that suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in large rivers in Germany strongly decline by 50 % between 1990 and 2010. We argue that SSC achieves the natural back ground concentrations, due to reduced sediment supply. There is simple explanation for this decline, but effects of reduced supply from headwater streams are most likely the cause for declining SSC in large rivers.
Emma Lodes, Dirk Scherler, Renee van Dongen, and Hella Wittmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-619, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-619, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the effect of fractures on the location of hills and valleys in bedrock landscapes, by comparing erosion rates of unfractured bedrock versus soil. Unfractured bedrock erodes slower, and soil, which likely overlies fractured bedrock, erodes faster. We also find that streams generally follow the orientations of faults. Together, our data show that fractures influence landscapes by weakening bedrock, causing it to erode faster and to eventually form a valley where a stream may flow.
Yizhou Wang, Liran Goren, Dewen Zheng, and Huiping Zhang
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 833–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-833-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-833-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Abrupt changes in tectonic uplift rates induce sharp changes in river profile, called knickpoints. When river erosion depends non-linearly on slope, we develop an analytic model for knickpoint velocity and find the condition of knickpoint merging. Then we develop analytic models that represent the two-directional link between tectonic changes and river profile evolution. The derivation provides new understanding on the links between tectonic changes and river profile evolution.
J. Kevin Pierce, Marwan A. Hassan, and Rui M. L. Ferreira
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 817–832, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-817-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-817-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the flow of sediment in river channels by replacing the complicated details of the turbulent water with probability arguments. Our major conclusions are that (1) sediment transport can be phrased in terms of the movements of individual sediment grains, (2) transport rates in river channels are inherently uncertain, and (3) sediment transport in rivers is directly analogous to a number of phenomena which we understand relatively well, such as molecules moving in air.
Haruka Tsunetaka, Norifumi Hotta, Yuichi Sakai, and Thad Wasklewicz
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 775–796, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To assess the effects of differences in grain-size distribution within debris flows on the morphology of debris-flow fans, fan morphologies were modeled experimentally. Even if debris flows exhibited similar flow properties, their runout distance differed in response to differences in their grain-size distribution. Differences in runout distance were responsible for variations in the direction of the descending flow that resulted in different debris-flow fan morphology.
Sarah A. Schanz and A. Peyton Colee
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 761–774, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-761-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-761-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped and dated 187 earthflows to determine controls on earthflow formation and resulting topographic changes in the Teanaway basin, central Washington State, USA. Using a new relative dating technique and absolute dating, we find that 25 % of earthflows were active in the last ~500 years. Earthflows are lithologically controlled, actively narrow valleys, and increase sediment loads.
Jeongyeon Han and Wonsuck Kim
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 743–759, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-743-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-743-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A levee-building model is presented to investigate the effects of flood on levee slope and river behaviors. Coarser grains that cause steep levee slopes lead to frequent switchings of river paths, but higher overflow velocity has an opposite effect. High levee slopes lead to more reoccupations of abandoned old river paths than low levee slopes when rivers switch their locations. The study helps us to assess flood hazards with river-path switching.
Maxwell P. Dahlquist and A. Joshua West
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 705–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-705-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-705-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Himalayan rivers are full of giant boulders that rarely move except during glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which therefore must be important drivers of erosion in the Himalayas. GLOFs are rare, so little is known about their long-term erosional impact. We found that rivers in Nepal have channel geometry that, compared with markers of upstream glaciation, confirm GLOFs as a major control on erosion. This previously unrecognized control should be accounted for in landscape evolution studies.
Tim Steffen, Matthias Huss, Rebekka Estermann, Elias Hodel, and Daniel Farinotti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 723–741, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-723-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-723-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is rapidly altering high-alpine landscapes. The formation of new lakes in areas becoming ice free due to glacier retreat is one of the many consequences of this process. Here, we provide an estimate for the number, size, time of emergence, and sediment infill of future glacier lakes that will emerge in the Swiss Alps. We estimate that up to ~ 680 potential lakes could form over the course of the 21st century, with the potential to hold a total water volume of up to ~ 1.16 km3.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 671–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Many studies on modeling landform evolution have focused on mountain ranges, while large parts of Earth's surface are quite flat and alluvial plains have been preferred locations for human settlements. Conducting large-scale simulations of fluvial erosion and sediment transport, this study reveals that rivers in a tectonically inactive foreland are much more dynamic than rivers in a mountain range; the local redistribution of deposits in the foreland is the main driver of the dynamics.
Lena Katharina Schmidt, Till Francke, Erwin Rottler, Theresa Blume, Johannes Schöber, and Axel Bronstert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 653–669, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-653-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change fundamentally alters glaciated high-alpine areas, but it is unclear how this affects riverine sediment transport. As a first step, we aimed to identify the most important processes and source areas in three nested catchments in the Ötztal, Austria, in the past 15 years. We found that areas above 2500 m were crucial and that summer rainstorms were less influential than glacier melt. These findings provide a baseline for studies on future changes in high-alpine sediment dynamics.
Hima J. Hassenruck-Gudipati, Thaddeus Ellis, Timothy A. Goudge, and David Mohrig
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 635–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-635-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-635-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During the late Pleistocene, the incision of the Trinity River valley left behind terraces. Elevation data and measurements of abandoned channels preserved on terraces are used to evaluate how terraces formed. We find a transition in the style of terraces with age from those associated with external environmental forcings to those produced by internal river migration changes. This result shows the importance of several indicators (i.e., channel bends, elevations) in determining terrace form.
Benjamin Lehmann, Robert S. Anderson, Xavier Bodin, Diego Cusicanqui, Pierre G. Valla, and Julien Carcaillet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 605–633, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-605-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-605-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are some of the most frequently occurring landforms containing ice in mountain environments. Here, we use field observations, analysis of aerial and satellite images, and dating methods to investigate the activity of the rock glacier of the Vallon de la Route in the French Alps. Our results suggest that the rock glacier is characterized by two major episodes of activity and that the rock glacier system promotes the maintenance of mountain erosion.
Rémi Bossis, Vincent Regard, and Sébastien Carretier
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-18, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-18, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a method to calculate the retreat of the sea-cliffs and the volume of rock eroded by the sea on volcanic islands, by reconstructing their pre-erosion shape and size. The method has been applied on Corvo Island (Azores). We show that before the island was eroded, it was roughly 8 km wide and 1 km high. The island has lost more than 6 km3 of rock and 80 % of its surface. We also show that the erosion of sea-cliffs is mainly due to the moderate and most frequent waves.
Ngai-Ham Chan, Moritz Langer, Bennet Juhls, Tabea Rettelbach, Paul Overduin, Kimberly Huppert, and Jean Braun
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-25, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-25, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic river deltas influence how nutrients and soil organic carbon, carried by sediments from the Arctic landscape, are retained or released into the Arctic Ocean. Under climate change, the deltas themselves and their ecosystems are becoming more vulnerable. We build upon previous models to reproduce for the first time an important feature seen in all Arctic deltas, and simulate its future under a warming climate. This can impact the future of Arctic deltas and the carbon release they moderate.
Jennifer R. Shadrick, Dylan H. Rood, Martin D. Hurst, Matthew D. Piggott, Klaus M. Wilcken, and Alexander J. Seal
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-28, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-28, 2022
Preprint under review for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
Here we use two different datasets to inform a process-based model to study coastal cliff retreat rates across the past 7000 years at four different chalk coast sites across the south coast of England. Our results demonstrate how a simplified model can not only capture long-term trends in cliff retreat rates, which are linked to the rate of sea level rise, but also identify key erosion processes at real-world sites with contrasting rock types.
Elena Serra, Pierre G. Valla, Romain Delunel, Natacha Gribenski, Marcus Christl, and Naki Akçar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 493–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-493-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-493-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine landscapes are transformed by several erosion processes. 10Be concentrations measured in river sediments at the outlet of a basin represent a powerful tool to quantify how fast the catchment erodes. We measured erosion rates within the Dora Baltea catchments (western Italian Alps). Our results show that erosion is governed by topography, bedrock resistance and glacial imprint. The Mont Blanc massif has the highest erosion and therefore dominates the sediment flux of the Dora Baltea river.
Fiona J. Clubb, Eliot F. Weir, and Simon M. Mudd
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 437–456, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-437-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-437-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
River valleys are important components of mountain systems: they are the most fertile part of landscapes and store sediment which is transported from mountains to surrounding basins. Our knowledge of the location and shape of valleys is hindered by our ability to measure them over large areas. We present a new method for measuring the width of mountain valleys continuously along river channels from digital topography and show that our method can be used to test common models of river widening.
Sarah Betz-Nutz, Tobias Heckmann, Florian Haas, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-24, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-24, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
The geomorphic activity of LIA-lateral moraines is of high interest due to its implications for the sediment fluxes and hazards within proglacial areas. We derived multitemporal DEMs from historical aerial images and recent drone images to investigate the morphodynamics on moraine slopes over time. We found that the highest erosion rates occur on the steepest moraine slopes, which stay active for decades, and that the slope angle explains morphodynamics better than the time since deglaciation.
Madison M. Douglas, Gen K. Li, Woodward W. Fischer, Joel C. Rowland, Preston C. Kemeny, A. Joshua West, Jon Schwenk, Anastasia P. Piliouras, Austin J. Chadwick, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 421–435, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic rivers erode into permafrost and mobilize organic carbon, which can react to form greenhouse gasses or be re-buried in floodplain deposits. We collected samples on a permafrost floodplain in Alaska to determine if more carbon is eroded or deposited by river meandering. The floodplain contained a mixture of young carbon fixed by the biosphere and old, re-deposited carbon. Thus, sediment storage may allow Arctic river floodplains to retain aged organic carbon even when permafrost thaws.
Maarten G. Kleinhans, Lonneke Roelofs, Steven A. H. Weisscher, Ivar R. Lokhorst, and Lisanne Braat
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 367–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-367-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-367-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Floodplain formation in estuaries limit the ebb and flood flow, reducing channel migration and shortening the tidally influenced reach. Vegetation establishment on bars reduces local flow velocity and concentrates flow into channels, while mudflats fill accommodation space and reduce channel migration. These results are based on experimental estuaries in the Metronome facility supported by numerical flow modelling.
Xingyu Chen, Marwan A. Hassan, and Xudong Fu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 349–366, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-349-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-349-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We compiled a large image dataset containing more than 125 000 sediments and developed a model (GrainID) based on convolutional neural networks to measure individual grain size from images. The model was calibrated on flume and natural stream images covering a wide range of fluvial environments. The model showed high performance compared with other methods. Our model showed great potential for grain size measurements from a small patch of sediment in a flume to a watershed-scale drone survey.
Harrison J. Gray, Christopher B. DuRoss, Sylvia R. Nicovich, and Ryan D. Gold
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 329–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Some types of big earthquakes create small cliffs or
fault scarps∼1–3 m in height, where sediments can pile up and create deposits we call
colluvial wedges. Geologists will look at colluvial wedges and use them to understand how often big earthquakes occur. Here we made a computer simulation to find out if the way we think colluvial wedges form works with physics. We found that it does in theory, but there are conditions in which it may be more complicated than we expected.
Zheng Chen, Siming He, Tobias Nicollier, Lorenz Ammann, Alexandre Badoux, and Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 279–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-279-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-279-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Bedload flux quantification remains challenging in river dynamics due to variable transport modes. We used a passive monitoring device to record the acoustic signals generated by the impacts of bedload particles with different transport modes, and established the relationship between the triggered signals and bedload characteristics. The findings of this study could improve our understanding of the monitoring system and bedload transport process, and contribute to bedload size classification.
William H. Booker and Brett C. Eaton
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 247–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Channel behaviour is a qualitative aspect of river research that needs development to produce a framework of analysis between and within types of channels. We seek to produce a quantitative metric that can capture how a channel changes using a pair of experiments and collecting easy to obtain data. We demonstrate that this new technique is capable of discerning between river types and may provide a new tool with which we may describe channel behaviour.
Yiran Wang, Michael E. Oskin, Youli Li, and Huiping Zhang
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 191–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-191-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-191-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Beida River has an over-steepened reach presently located 10 km upstream of the North Qilian mountain front. It was formed because river incising into the bedrocks inside the mountain cannot keep up with river incising into the soft sediment in the basin. We suggest this over-steepened reach represents a fast incision period 3–4 kyr ago, deepening the canyon for ~35 m within ~700 years. The formation of this reach corresponds to a humid period related to strong Southeast Asian Monsoon influence.
Shiva P. Pudasaini and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 165–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first physics-based general landslide velocity model incorporating internal deformation and external forces. Voellmy–inviscid Burgers' equations are specifications of the novel advective–dissipative system. Unified analytical solutions constitute a new foundation of landslide velocity, providing key information to instantly estimate impact forces and describe breaking waves and folding, revealing that landslide dynamics are architectured by advection and reigned by forcing.
Changbin Lim, Soonmi Hwang, and Jung Lyul Lee
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 151–163, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, along the east coast of South Korea, seasonal beach erosion has been induced by structures which severely block the supply of sand from the upstream side. This study proposes a coastal solution that can predict the maximum indentation point in downdrift erosion formed downstream of groins by applying a parabolic bay shape equation (PBSE).
Bernd Etzelmüller, Justyna Czekirda, Florence Magnin, Pierre-Allain Duvillard, Ludovic Ravanel, Emanuelle Malet, Andreas Aspaas, Lene Kristensen, Ingrid Skrede, Gudrun D. Majala, Benjamin Jacobs, Johannes Leinauer, Christian Hauck, Christin Hilbich, Martina Böhme, Reginald Hermanns, Harald Ø. Eriksen, Tom Rune Lauknes, Michael Krautblatter, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 97–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-97-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is a multi-authored study documenting the possible existence of permafrost in permanently monitored rockslides in Norway for the first time by combining a multitude of field data, including geophysical surveys in rock walls. The paper discusses the possible role of thermal regime and rockslide movement, and it evaluates the possible impact of atmospheric warming on rockslide dynamics in Norwegian mountains.
Yizhang Wei, Yining Chen, Jufei Qiu, Zeng Zhou, Peng Yao, Qin Jiang, Zheng Gong, Giovanni Coco, Ian Townend, and Changkuan Zhang
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 65–80, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-65-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-65-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The barrier tidal basin is increasingly altered by human activity and sea-level rise. These environmental changes probably lead to the emergence or disappearance of islands, yet the effect of rocky islands on the evolution of tidal basins remains poorly investigated. Using numerical experiments, we explore the evolution of tidal basins under varying numbers and locations of islands. This work provides insights for predicting the response of barrier tidal basins in a changing environment.
Marc J. P. Gouw and Marc P. Hijma
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 43–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-43-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-43-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
If you were to navigate an entire delta by boat, you would clearly see that the general characteristics of the channels change throughout the delta. The drivers behind these changes have been studied extensively. Field studies encompassing the entire delta are rare but give important insights into these drivers that can help other researchers. The most important drivers are channel lateral-migration rate, channel-belt longevity, creation of accommodation space and inherited floodplain width.
Yan Zhong, Qiao Liu, Matthew Westoby, Yong Nie, Francesca Pellicciotti, Bo Zhang, Jialun Cai, Guoxiang Liu, Haijun Liao, and Xuyang Lu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 23–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-23-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Slope failures exist in many paraglacial regions and are the main manifestation of the interaction between debris-covered glaciers and slopes. We mapped paraglacial slope failures (PSFs) along the Hailuogou Glacier (HLG), Mt. Gongga, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We argue that the formation, evolution, and current status of these typical PSFs are generally related to glacier history and paraglacial geomorphological adjustments, and influenced by the fluctuation of climate conditions.
Cited articles
Allstadt, K.: Extracting source characteristics and dynamics of the August
2010 Mount Meager landslide from broadband seismograms, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 1472–1490, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20110, 2013.
An, H. C., Ouyang, C. J., Zhao, C., and Zhao, W.: Landslide dynamic process
and parameter sensitivity analysis by discrete element method: the case of
Turnoff Creek rock avalanche, J. Mt. Sci., 17, 1581–1595,
https://doi.org/110.1007/s11629-020-5993-7, 2020.
An, H. C., Ouyang, C. J., and Zhou, S.: Dynamic process analysis of the Baige
landslide by the combination of DEM and long-period seismic waves,
Landslides, 18, 1625–1639, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01595-0, 2021.
Brodsky, E. E., Gordeev, E., and Kanamori, H.: Landslide basal friction as
measured by seismic waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2236,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018485, 2003.
Chao, W. A., Zhao, L., Chen, S. C., Wu, Y. M., Chen, C. H., and Huang, H.
H.: Seismology-based early identification of dam-formation landquake events,
Sci. Rep., 6, 19259, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19259, 2016.
Chen, C. H., Chao, W. A., Wu, Y. M., Zhao, L., Chen, Y. G., Ho, W. Y., Lin,
T. L., Kuo, K. H., and Chang, J. M.: A seismological study of landquakes
using a real-time broad-band seismic network, Geophys. J. Int., 194, 885–898, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt121, 2013.
Cui, Y., Fang, F., Li, Y., and Liu, H.: Assessing effectiveness of a
dual-barrier system for mitigating granular flow hazards through DEM-DNN
framework, Eng. Geol., 306, 106742, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106742, 2022.
Dahlen, F. A.: Single-force representation of shallow landslide sources, B.
Seismol. Soc. Am., 83, 130–143, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0830010130, 1993.
Dammeier, F., Moore, J. R., Hammer, C., Haslinger, F., and Loew, S.: Automatic detection of alpine rockslides in continuous seismic data using
hidden Markov models, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 121, 351–371,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jf003647, 2016.
Darlington, W. J., Ranjith, P. G., and Choi, S. K.: The Effect of Specimen Size on Strength and Other Properties in Laboratory Testing of Rock and Rock-Like Cementitious Brittle Materials, Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 44, 513–529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-011-0161-6, 2011.
Deng, J. J., Gao, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., and Xie, H. P.: Analysis on the Formation Mechanism and Process of Baige Landslides Damming the Upper Reach of Jinsha River,China, Adv. Eng. Sci., 51, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.15961/j.jsuese.201801438, 2019.
Ekström, G. and Stark, C. P.: Simple scaling of catastrophic landslide
dynamics, Science, 339, 1416–1419, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1232887, 2013.
Fan, X., Yang, F., Subramanian, S. S., Xu, Q., Feng, Z., Mavrouli, O., Peng,
M., Ouyang, C., Jansen, D., and Huang, R.: Prediction of a multi-hazard
chain by an integrated numerical simulation approach: the Baige landslide,
Jinsha River, China, Landslides, 17, 147–164, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01313-5, 2019a.
Fan, X., Xu, Q., Liu, J., Subramanian, S. S., He, C., Zhu, X., and Zhou, L.:
Successful early warning and emergency response of a disastrous rockslide in
Guizhou province, China, Landslides, 16, 2445–2457,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01269-6, 2019b.
Fang, J., Cui, Y., Li, X., and Nie, J.: A new insight into the dynamic impact
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.104790, 2022.
Favreau, P., Mangeney, A., Lucas, A., Crosta, G., and Bouchut, F.: Numerical
modeling of landquakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L15305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl043512, 2010.
Feng, Z.: The seismic signatures of the 2009 Shiaolin landslide in Taiwan,
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1559–1569, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1559-2011, 2011.
Feng, Z. Y., Lo, C. M., and Lin, Q. F.: The characteristics of the seismic
signals induced by landslides using a coupling of discrete element and
finite difference methods, Landslides, 14, 661–674,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-016-0714-6, 2016.
Froude, M. J. and Petley, D. N.: Global fatal landslide occurrence from 2004 to 2016, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2161–2181,
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2161-2018, 2018.
Fuchs, F., Lenhardt, W., and Bokelmann, G.: Seismic detection of rockslides
at regional scale: examples from the Eastern Alps and feasibility of
kurtosis-based event location, Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 955–970,
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-955-2018, 2018.
Fukao, Y.: Single-force representation of earthquakes due to landslides or
the collapse of caverns, Geophys. J. Int., 122, 243–248,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb03551.x, 1995.
Gualtieri, L. and Ekström, G.: Broad-band seismic analysis and modeling
of the 2015 Taan Fjord, Alaska landslide using Instaseis, Geophys. J. Int.,
213, 1912–1923, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy086, 2018.
Hasegawa, H. S. and Kanamori, H.: Source mechanism of the magnitude 7.2 Grand Banks earthquake of November 1929: Double couple or submarine landslide?, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 77, 1984–2004, 1987.
Helmstetter, A. and Garambois, S.: Seismic monitoring of Séchilienne
rockslide (French Alps): Analysis of seismic signals and their correlation
with rainfall, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F03016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001532, 2010.
Hibert, C., Ekström, G., and Stark, C. P.: Dynamics of the Bingham Canyon Mine landslides from seismic signal analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 4535–4541, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060592, 2014.
Hibert, C., Stark, C. P., and Ekström, G.: Dynamics of the Oso-Steelhead
landslide from broadband seismic analysis, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.,
15, 1265–1273, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1265-2015, 2015.
Jiang, Y., Wang, G., and Kamai, T.: Fast shear behavior of granular materials in ring-shear tests and implications for rapid landslides, Acta Geotech., 12, 645–655, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-016-0508-y, 2016.
Kanamori, H. and Given, J. W.: Analysis of long-period seismic waves excited
by the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens – A terrestrial monopole?,
J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 87, 5422–5432, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB087iB07p05422, 1982.
Kanamori, H., Given, J. W., and Lay, T.: Analysis of seismic body waves excited by the Mount St. Helens eruption of May 18, 1980, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 89, 1856–1866, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB03p01856, 1984.
Kao, H., Kan, C. W., Chen, R. Y., Chang, C. H., Rosenberger, A., Shin, T. C., Leu, P. L., Kuo, K. W., and Liang, W. T.: Locating, monitoring, and characterizing typhoon-induced landslides with real-time seismic signals,
Landslides, 9, 557–563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-012-0322-z, 2012.
Li, C. Y., Wang, X. C., He, C. Z., Wu, X., Kong, Z. Y., and Li, X. L.: China
National Digital Geological Map (Public Version at 1:200 000 Scale) Spatial Database (V1), Development and Research Center of China Geological Survey; China Geological Survey (producer), 1957, National Geological Archives of China (distributor), https://doi.org/10.23650/data.A.2019.NGA120157.K1.1.1.V1, 2019.
Li, W., Chen, Y., Liu, F., Yang, H., Liu, J., and Fu, B.: Chain-style
landslide hazardous process: Constraints from seismic signals analysis of the 2017 Xinmo landslide, SW China, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 124, 2025–2037, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016433, 2019.
Li, Z., Huang, X., Xu, Q., Yu, D., Fan, J., and Qiao, X.: Dynamics of the
Wulong landslide revealed by broadband seismic records, Earth Planets Space, 69, 27, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-017-0610-x, 2017.
Li, Z., Huang, X., Yu, D., Su, J., and Xu, Q.: Broadband-seismic analysis of
a massive landslide in southwestern China: Dynamics and fragmentation
implications, Geomorphology, 336, 31–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.03.024, 2019.
Liu, C., Pollard, D. D., and Shi, B.: Analytical solutions and numerical
tests of elastic and failure behaviors of close-packed lattice for brittle
rocks and crystals, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 118, 71–82,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009615, 2013.
Liu, C., Xu, Q., Shi, B., Deng, S., and Zhu, H.: Mechanical properties and
energy conversion of 3D close-packed lattice model for brittle rocks, Comput. Geosci., 103, 12–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2017.03.003, 2017.
Liu, C., Fan, X., Zhu, C., and Shi, B.: Discrete element modeling and simulation of 3-Dimensional large-scale landslide-Taking Xinmocun landslide as an example, J. Eng. Geol., 27, 1362–1370, https://doi.org/10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2018-234, 2019.
Liu, D. Z., Cui, Y. F., Wang, H., Jin, W., Wu, C. h., Nazir, AB., Zhang, G.
T., Carling, P., and Chen, H. Y.: Assessment of local outburst flood risk
from successive landslides: Case study of Baige landslide-dammed lake, upper
Jinsha river, eastern Tibet, J. Hydrol., 599, 126294,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126294, 2021.
Lo, C. M., Lin, M. L., Tang, C. L., and Hu, J. C.: A kinematic model of the
Hsiaolin landslide calibrated to the morphology of the landslide deposit,
Eng. Geol., 123, 22–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.002, 2011.
McNamara, D. E. and Buland, R. P.: Ambient Noise Levels in the Continental
United States, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94, 1517–1527, https://doi.org/10.1785/012003001, 2004.
Mergili, M., Fischer, J. T., Krenn, J., and Pudasaini, S. P.: r. avaflow v1,
an advanced open-source computational framework for the propagation and
interaction of two-phase mass flows, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 553–569,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-553-2017, 2017a.
Mergili, M., Emmer, A., Juřicová A., Cochachin, A., Fischer, J. T.,
Huggel, C., and Pudasaini, S. P.: How well can we simulate complex
hydro-geomorphic process chains? The 2012 multi-lake outburst flood in the
Santa Cruz Valley (Cordillera Blanca, Perú), Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 43, 1373–1389, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4318, 2017b.
Moore, J. R., Pankow, K. L., Ford, S. R., Koper, K. D., Hale, J. M., Aaron,
J., and Larsen, C. F.: Dynamics of the Bingham Canyon rock avalanches (Utah,
USA) resolved from topographic, seismic, and infrasound data, J. Geophys.
Res.-Earth, 122, 615–640, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004036, 2017.
Moretti, L., Mangeney, A., Capdeville, Y., Stutzmann, E., Huggel, C.,
Schneider, D., and Bouchut, F.: Numerical modeling of the Mount Steller
landslide flow history and of the generated long period seismic waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L16402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052511, 2012.
Moretti, L., Allstadt, K., Mangeney, A., Capdeville, Y., Stutzmann, E., and
Bouchut, F.: Numerical modeling of the Mount Meager landslide constrained by
its force history derived from seismic data, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 120,
2579–2599, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011426, 2015.
Muceku, Y., Korini, O., and Kuriqi, A.: Geotechnical analysis of hill's slopes areas in heritage town of Berati, Albania, Period. Polytech. Civ. Eng., 60, 61–73, https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.7752, 2016.
Ouyang, C. J., An, H. C., Zhou, S., Wang, Z. W., Su, P. C., and Wang, D. P.:
Insights from the failure and dynamic characteristics of two sequential
landslides at Baige village along the Jinsha River, China, Landslides, 16,
1397–1414, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01177-9, 2019.
Pastor, M., Blanc, T., Haddad, B., Petrone, S., Sanchez, M. M., Drempetic,
V., Issler, D., Crosta, G. B., Cascini, L., Sorbino, G., and Cuomo, S.:
Application of a SPH depthintegrated model to landslide run-out analysis,
Landslides, 11, 793812, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-014-0484-y, 2014.
Peterson, J. R.: Observations and modeling of seismic background noise,
US Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-322, US Geological Survey,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93322, 1993.
Pitman, E. B., Nichita, C. C., Patra, A., Bauer, A., Sheridan, M., and Bursik, M.: Computing granular avalanches and landslides, Phys. Fluids, 15,
3638–3646, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1614253, 2003.
Sakals, M. E., Geertsema, M., Schwab, J. W., and Foord, V. N.: The Todagin
Creek landslide of October 3, 2006, Northwest British Columbia, Canada,
Landslides, 9, 107–115, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0273-9, 2011.
Shen, W., Li, T., Li, P., and Lei, Y.: Numerical assessment for the
efficiencies of check dams in debris flow gullies: A case study, Comput. Geotech., 122, 103541, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103541, 2020.
Sheng, M., Chu, R., Wang, Y., and Wang, Q.: Inversion of source mechanisms
for single-force events using broadband waveforms, Seismol. Res. Lett., 91,
1820–1830, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190349, 2020.
Soga, K., Alonso, E., Yerro, A., Kumar, K., and Bandara, S.: Trends in
large-deformation analysis of landslide mass movements with particular emphasis on the material point method, Géotechnique, 66, 1–26,
https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.lm.005, 2016.
Toney, L. and Allstadt, K. E.: lsforce: A Python-Based Single-Force Seismic
Inversion Framework for Massive Landslides, Seismol. Res. Lett., 92,
2610–2626, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220210004, 2021.
Walter, M., Arnhardt, C., and Joswig, M.: Seismic monitoring of rockfalls,
slide quakes, and fissure development at the Super-Sauze mudslide, French
Alps, Eng. Geol., 128, 12–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.11.002, 2012.
Wang, L., Wu, C. Z., Gu, X., Liu, H. L., Mei, G. X., and Zhang, W. G.:
Probabilistic stability analysis of earth dam slope under transient seepage
using multivariate adaptive regression splines, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ.,
79, 2763–2775, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01730-0, 2020.
Wang, R.: A simple orthonormalization method for stable and efficient
computation of Green's functions, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 89, 733–741, 1999.
Wang, W., Yin, Y., Zhu, S., Wang, L., Zhang, N., and Zhao, R.: Investigation
and numerical modeling of the overloading-induced catastrophic rockslide
avalanche in Baige, Tibet, China, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 79, 1765–1779,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01664-2, 2020.
Wang, Y. F., Dong, J. J., Cheng, Q. G.: Velocity-dependent frictional weakening of large rock avalanche basal facies: Implications for rock avalanche hypermobility?, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 122, 1648–1676,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013624, 2017.
Wang, Y. F., Dong, J. J., Cheng, Q. G.: Normal stress-dependent frictional
weakening of large rock avalanche basal facies: Implications for the rock
avalanche volume effect, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 123, 3270–3282,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2018JB015602, 2018.
Xu, Q., Zheng, G., Li, W. L., He, C. Y., Dong, X. J., Guo, C., and Feng, W.
K.: Study on Successive Landslide Damming Events of Jinsha River in Baige
Village on October 11 and November 3, 2018, J. Eng. Geo., 26, 1534–1551,
https://doi.org/10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2018-406, 2018.
Yamada, M., Matsushi, Y., Chigira, M., and Mori, J.: Seismic recordings of
landslides caused by Typhoon Talas (2011), Japan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39,
L13301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl052174, 2012.
Yamada, M., Kumagai, H., Matsushi, Y., and Matsuzawa, T.: Dynamic landslide
processes revealed by broadband seismic records, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40,
2998–3002, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50437, 2013.
Yamada, M., Mangeney, A., Matsushi, Y., and Moretti, L.: Estimation of
dynamic friction of the Akatani landslide from seismic waveform inversion
and numerical simulation, Geophys. J. Int., 206, 1479–1486,
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw216, 2016.
Yamada, M., Mangeney, A., Matsushi, Y., and Matsuzawa, T.: Estimation of
dynamic friction and movement history of large landslides, Landslides, 15,
1963–1974, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-018-1002-4, 2018.
Yan, Y., Cui, Y., Guo, J., Hu, S., Wang, Z., and Yin, S.: Landslide reconstruction using seismic signal characteristics and numerical simulations: Case study of the 2017 “6.24” Xinmo landslide, Eng. Geol., 270, 105582, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105582, 2020a.
Yan, Y., Cui, Y., Tian, X., Hu, S., Guo, J., Wang, Z., Yin, S., and Liao, L.: Seismic signal recognition and interpretation of the 2019 “7.23” Shuicheng landslide by seismogram stations, Landslides, 17, 1191–1206,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01358-x, 2020b.
Yan, Y., Yifei, C., Dingzhu, L, Hui, T., Yongjian, L., Xin, T., Lei, Z., and Sheng, H.: Seismic Signal Characteristics and Interpretation of the 2020 “6.17” Danba Landslide Dam Failure Hazard Chain Process, Landslides, 18, 2175–2192, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-021-01657-x, 2021.
Yu, D., Huang, X., and Li, Z.: Variation patterns of landslide basal friction revealed from long-period seismic waveform inversion, Nat. Hazards, 100, 313–327, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03813-y, 2020.
Zhang, L., Xiao, T., He, J., and Chen, C.: Erosion-based analysis of breaching of Baige landslide dams on the Jinsha River, China, in 2018,
Landslides, 16, 1965–1979, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01247-y, 2019.
Zhang, S. L., Yin, Y. P., Hu, X. W., Wang, W. P., Zhang, N., Zhu, S. N., and
Wang, L. Q.: Dynamics and emplacement mechanisms of the successive Baige
landslides on the Upper Reaches of the Jinsha River, China, Eng. Geol., 278,
105819, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105819, 2020.
Zhang, Z., He, S., Liu, W., Liang, H., Yan, S., Deng, Y., Bai, X., and Chen,
Z.: Source characteristics and dynamics of the October 2018 Baige landslide
revealed by broadband seismograms, Landslides, 16, 777–785,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01145-3, 2019.
Zhang, Z., He, S., and Li, Q.: Analyzing high-frequency seismic signals
generated during a landslide using source discrepancies between two landslides, Eng. Geol., 272, 105640, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105640, 2020.
Zhao, J., Moretti, L., Mangeney, A., Stutzmann, E., Kanamori, H., Capdeville, Y., Calder, E. S., Hibert, C., Smith, P. J., Cole, P., and Lefriant, A.: Model space exploration for determining landslide source history from long-period seismic data, Pure Appl. Geophys., 172, 389–413,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0852-5, 2015.
Zhao, J., Ouyang, C. J., Ni, S. D., Chu, R. S., and Mangeney, A.: Analysis of the 2017 June Maoxian landslide processes with force histories from seismological inversion and terrain features, Geophys. J. Int., 222, 1965–1976, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa226, 2020.
Zhou, L., Fan, X., Xu, Q., Yang, F., and Gou, C.: Numerical simulation and
hazard prediction on movement process characteristics of Baige landslide in
Jinsha river, Eng. Geol., 27, 1395–1404, https://doi.org/10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2019-037, 2019.
Short summary
Landslides present a significant hazard for humans, but continuous landslide monitoring is not yet possible due to their unpredictability. Our study has demonstrated that combing landslide seismic signal analysis, dynamic inversion, and numerical simulation provides a comprehensive and accurate method for studying the landslide process. The approach outlined in this study could be used to support hazard prevention and control in sensitive areas.
Landslides present a significant hazard for humans, but continuous landslide monitoring is not...
