Articles | Volume 10, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-279-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-279-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
31 Mar 2022
Research article |
| 31 Mar 2022
| 31 Mar 2022
Signal response of the Swiss plate geophone monitoring system impacted by bedload particles with different transport modes
Zheng Chen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Siming He
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
Tobias Nicollier
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
Lorenz Ammann
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
Alexandre Badoux
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
Dieter Rickenmann
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
Related authors
Zheng Chen, Siming He, Alexandre Badoux, and Dieter Rickenmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2525, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2525, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf).
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a novel bedload monitoring system, which integrates phased microphone arrays and an accelerometer for enhanced performance. This monitoring system can be used to identify bedload particle impact locations on the system plate with precision using beamforming techniques applied to the generated microphone signals. Optimal use of multiple types of signals recorded by the monitoring system improves the accuracy of bedload size prediction.
Dieter Rickenmann, Lorenz Ammann, Tobias Nicollier, Stefan Boss, Bruno Fritschi, Gilles Antoniazza, Nicolas Steeb, Zheng Chen, Carlos Wyss, and Alexandre Badoux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1165–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Swiss plate geophone system has been installed and tested in more than 20 steep gravel-bed streams. It is an indirect bedload transport measuring system. We compare the performance of this system with three alternative surrogate measuring systems, using calibration measurements with direct bedload samples from three field sites and an outdoor flume facility. Three of the four systems resulted in robust calibration relations between signal impulse counts and transported bedload mass.
Claire C. Masteller, Joel P. L. Johnson, Dieter Rickenmann, and Jens M. Turowski
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3250, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3250, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf).
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a novel model that predicts the how gravel riverbeds may evolve in response to differences in the frequency and severity of flood events. We test our model using a 23-year long record of river flow and gravel transport from the Swiss Prealps. We find that our model reliably captures yearly patterns in gravel transport in this setting. Our new model is a major advance towards better predictions of river erosion that account for the flood history of a gravel bed river.
Zheng Chen, Siming He, Alexandre Badoux, and Dieter Rickenmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2525, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2525, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf).
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a novel bedload monitoring system, which integrates phased microphone arrays and an accelerometer for enhanced performance. This monitoring system can be used to identify bedload particle impact locations on the system plate with precision using beamforming techniques applied to the generated microphone signals. Optimal use of multiple types of signals recorded by the monitoring system improves the accuracy of bedload size prediction.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Nicolas Steeb, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, Alexandre Badoux, Christian Rickli, Andrea Mini, Markus Stoffel, and Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 487–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Various models have been used in science and practice to estimate how much large wood (LW) can be supplied to rivers. This contribution reviews the existing models proposed in the last 35 years and compares two of the most recent spatially explicit models by applying them to 40 catchments in Switzerland. Differences in modelling results are discussed, and results are compared to available observations coming from a unique database.
Dieter Rickenmann, Lorenz Ammann, Tobias Nicollier, Stefan Boss, Bruno Fritschi, Gilles Antoniazza, Nicolas Steeb, Zheng Chen, Carlos Wyss, and Alexandre Badoux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1165–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Swiss plate geophone system has been installed and tested in more than 20 steep gravel-bed streams. It is an indirect bedload transport measuring system. We compare the performance of this system with three alternative surrogate measuring systems, using calibration measurements with direct bedload samples from three field sites and an outdoor flume facility. Three of the four systems resulted in robust calibration relations between signal impulse counts and transported bedload mass.
Tobias Nicollier, Gilles Antoniazza, Lorenz Ammann, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 929–951, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring sediment transport is relevant for flood safety and river restoration. However, the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport processes makes their prediction challenging. We investigate the feasibility of a general calibration relationship between sediment transport rates and the impact signals recorded by metal plates installed in the channel bed. We present a new calibration method based on flume experiments and apply it to an extensive dataset of field measurements.
Jacob Hirschberg, Alexandre Badoux, Brian W. McArdell, Elena Leonarduzzi, and Peter Molnar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2773–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2773-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2773-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Debris-flow prediction is often based on rainfall thresholds, but uncertainty assessments are rare. We established rainfall thresholds using two approaches and find that 25 debris flows are needed for uncertainties to converge in an Alpine basin and that the suitable method differs for regional compared to local thresholds. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of a statistical learning algorithm to improve threshold performance. These findings are helpful for early warning system development.
Georgios Maniatis, Trevor Hoey, Rebecca Hodge, Dieter Rickenmann, and Alexandre Badoux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 1067–1099, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-1067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-1067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
One of the most interesting problems in geomorphology concerns the conditions that mobilise sediments grains in rivers. Newly developed
smartpebbles allow for the measurement of those conditions directly if a suitable framework for analysis is followed. This paper connects such a framework with the physics used to described sediment motion and presents a series of laboratory and field smart-pebble deployments. Those quantify how grain shape affects the motion of coarse sediments in rivers.
Lorenz Ammann, Fabrizio Fenicia, and Peter Reichert
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2147–2172, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2147-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2147-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The uncertainty of hydrological models can be substantial, and its quantification and realistic description are often difficult. We propose a new flexible probabilistic framework to describe and quantify this uncertainty. It is show that the correlation of the errors can be non-stationary, and that accounting for temporal changes in correlation can lead to strongly improved probabilistic predictions. This is a promising avenue for improving uncertainty estimation in hydrological modelling.
Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, Alexandre Badoux, Dieter Rickenmann, Martin Böckli, Salome Schläfli, Nicolas Steeb, Markus Stoffel, and Christian Rickli
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 1115–1137, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1115-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1115-2018, 2018
Albrecht von Boetticher, Jens M. Turowski, Brian W. McArdell, Dieter Rickenmann, Marcel Hürlimann, Christian Scheidl, and James W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3963–3978, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3963-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3963-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The open-source fluid dynamic solver presented in v. Boetticher et al. (2016) combines a Coulomb viscosplastic rheological model with a Herschel–Bulkley model based on material properties for 3-D debris flow simulations. Here, we validate the solver and illustrate the model sensitivity to water content, channel curvature, content of fine material and channel bed roughness. We simulate both laboratory-scale and large-scale debris-flow experiments, using only one of the two calibration parameters.
Dieter Rickenmann and Bruno Fritschi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 669–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-669-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-669-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique. Calibration measurements for this technique were performed in two mountain streams in Austria, using geophone impulse rates (a summary value) and directly measured bedload transport rates. Implausible geophone impulse counts are discussed that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.
Dieter Rickenmann, Gilles Antoniazza, Carlos R. Wyss, Bruno Fritschi, and Stefan Boss
Proc. IAHS, 375, 5–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-375-5-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-375-5-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Bedload transport measurements were performed with acoustic sensors (geophones and accelerometers) mounted underneath impact plates during summer 2015 in the Albula River in Switzerland. The measurements showed that the signal response in terms of geophone and accelerometer impulses is comparable for both types of sensors and that there is a good correlation between discharge data and impulses recorded by both types of sensors.
Alexandre Badoux, Norina Andres, Frank Techel, and Christoph Hegg
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2747–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2747-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2747-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A database of fatalities caused by natural hazards in Switzerland was compiled for the period from 1946 to 2015: in 70 years, 635 events occurred causing 1023 fatalities. The most common causes of death were snow avalanches (37 %), followed by lightning (16 %), floods (12 %), windstorms (10 %), rockfalls (8 %) and landslides (7 %). The annual number of victims showed a distinct decrease over time. In comparison to other countries, the natural hazard mortality rate in Switzerland is quite low.
Albrecht von Boetticher, Jens M. Turowski, Brian W. McArdell, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2909–2923, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2909-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2909-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are characterized by unsteady flows of water with different content of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and large particles, resulting in a dense moving mixture mass. Here we present a three-dimensional fluid dynamic solver that simulates the flow as a mixture of a pressure-dependent rheology model of the gravel mixed with a Herschel–Bulkley rheology of the fine material suspension. We link rheological parameters to the material composition. The user must specify two free model parameters.
J. C. Peña, L. Schulte, A. Badoux, M. Barriendos, and A. Barrera-Escoda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3807–3827, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3807-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3807-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents an index of summer flood damage in Switzerland from 1800 to 2009 and explores the influence of solar forcing, climate variability and low-frequency atmospheric circulation on flood frequencies. The flood damage index provides evidence that the 1817-1851, 1881-1927, 1977-1990 and 2005-present flood clusters are mostly in phase with palaeoclimate proxies and solar activity minima. Floods are influenced by atmospheric instability related to the principal summer mode.
A. von Boetticher, J. M. Turowski, B. W. McArdell, D. Rickenmann, M. Hürlimann, C. Scheidl, and J. W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-6379-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-6379-2015, 2015
Preprint withdrawn
M. Jochner, J. M. Turowski, A. Badoux, M. Stoffel, and C. Rickli
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 311–320, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-311-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-311-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The export of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) from mountain catchments seems to be strongly linked to rising discharge, but the mechanism leading to this is unclear. We show that log jams in a steep headwater stream are an effective barrier for CPOM export. Exceptional discharge events play a dual role: First, they destroy existing jams, releasing stored material. Second, they intensify channel--hillslope coupling, thereby recruiting logs to the channel, around which new jams can form.
F. U. M. Heimann, D. Rickenmann, J. M. Turowski, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 15–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-15-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-15-2015, 2015
F. U. M. Heimann, D. Rickenmann, M. Böckli, A. Badoux, J. M. Turowski, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 35–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-35-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-35-2015, 2015
A. Badoux, N. Andres, and J. M. Turowski
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 279–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-279-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-279-2014, 2014
J. M. Turowski, A. Badoux, K. Bunte, C. Rickli, N. Federspiel, and M. Jochner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 1, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-1-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-1-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Examination of analytical shear stress predictions for coastal dune evolution
Post-fire evolution of ravel transport regimes in the Diablo Range, CA
Landscape response to tectonic deformation and cyclic climate change since ca. 800 ka in the southern central Andes
The Aare main overdeepening on the northern margin of the European Alps: basins, riegels, and slot canyons
A simple model for faceted topographies at normal faults based on an extended stream-power law
Testing floc settling velocity models in rivers and freshwater wetlands
River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements
Barchan swarm dynamics from a Two-Flank Agent-Based Model
A landslide runout model for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications
Tracking slow-moving landslides with PlanetScope data: new perspectives on the satellite's perspective
Topographic metrics for unveiling fault segmentation and tectono-geomorphic evolution with insights into the impact of inherited topography, Ulsan Fault Zone, South Korea
Acceleration of coastal-retreat rates for high-Arctic rock cliffs on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, over the past decade
The impact of bedrock meander cutoffs on 50 kyr scale incision rates, San Juan River, Utah
How water, temperature, and seismicity control the preconditioning of massive rock slope failure (Hochvogel)
Large structure simulation for landscape evolution models
Surficial sediment remobilization by shear between sediment and water above tsunamigenic megathrust ruptures: experimental study
Terrace formation linked to outburst floods at the Diexi palaeo-landslide dam, upper Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Width evolution of channel belts as a random walk
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: a target dataset for dynamic topography models
Decadal-scale decay of landslide-derived fluvial suspended sediment after Typhoon Morakot
Role of the forcing sources in morphodynamic modelling of an embayed beach
Equilibrium distance from long-range dune interactions
Geomorphic imprint of high mountain floods: Insight from the 2022 hydrological extreme across the Upper Indus terrain in NW Himalayas
A machine learning approach to the geomorphometric detection of ribbed moraines in Norway
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Geometric constraints on tributary fluvial network junction angles
A new dunetracking tool to support input parameter selection and uncertainty analyses using a Monte Carlo approach
An evaluation of flow-routing algorithms for calculating contributing area on regular grids
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
Automatic detection of instream large wood in videos using deep learning
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Sub-surface processes and heat fluxes at coarse-blocky Murtèl rock glacier (Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps)
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics: the case of Shap granite, UK
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Path length and sediment transport estimation from DEMs of difference: a signal processing approach
A numerical model for duricrust formation by water table fluctuations
Influence of cohesive clay on wave–current ripple dynamics captured in a 3D phase diagram
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 1: Erosion dynamics
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 2: Suspended sediment dynamics
Geomorphological and hydrological controls on sediment export in earthquake-affected catchments in the Nepal Himalaya
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 2: Probabilistic analysis
Orie Cecil, Nicholas Cohn, Matthew Farthing, Sourav Dutta, and Andrew Trautz
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using computational fluid dynamics, we analyze the error trends of an analytical shear stress distribution model used to drive aeolian transport for coastal dunes, which are an important line of defense against storm-related flooding hazards. We find that compared to numerical simulations, the analytical model results in a net overprediction of the landward migration rate. Additionally, two data-driven approaches are proposed for reducing the error while maintaining computational efficiency.
Hayden L. Jacobson, Danica L. Roth, Gabriel Walton, Margaret Zimmer, and Kerri Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1415–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Loose grains travel farther after a fire because no vegetation is left to stop them. This matters since loose grains at the base of a slope can turn into a debris flow if it rains. To find if grass growing back after a fire had different impacts on grains of different sizes on slopes of different steepness, we dropped thousands of natural grains and measured how far they went. Large grains went farther 7 months after the fire than 11 months after, and small grain movement didn’t change much.
Elizabeth N. Orr, Taylor F. Schildgen, Stefanie Tofelde, Hella Wittmann, and Ricardo N. Alonso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1391–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1391-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial terraces and alluvial fans in the Toro Basin, NW Argentina, record river evolution and global climate cycles over time. Landform dating reveals lower-frequency climate cycles (100 kyr) preserved downstream and higher-frequency cycles (21/40 kyr) upstream, supporting theoretical predications that longer rivers filter out higher-frequency climate signals. This finding improves our understanding of the spatial distribution of sedimentary paleoclimate records within landscapes.
Fritz Schlunegger, Edi Kissling, Dimitri Tibo Bandou, Guilhem Amin Douillet, David Mair, Urs Marti, Regina Reber, Patrick Schläfli, and Michael Alfred Schwenk
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Overdeepenings are bedrock depressions filled with sediment. We combine the results of a gravity survey with drilling data to explore the morphology of such a depression beneath the city of Bern. We find that the target overdeepening comprises two basins >200 m deep. They are separated by a bedrock riegel that itself is cut by narrow canyons up to 150 m deep. We postulate that these structures formed underneath a glacier, where erosion by subglacial meltwater caused the formation of the canyons.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1315–1327, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Faceted topographies are impressive footprints of active tectonics in geomorphology. This paper investigates the evolution of faceted topographies at normal faults and their interaction with a river network theoretically and numerically. As a main result beyond several relations for the geometry of facets, the horizontal displacement associated with normal faults is crucial for the dissection of initially polygonal facets into triangular facets bounded by almost parallel rivers.
Justin A. Nghiem, Gen K. Li, Joshua P. Harringmeyer, Gerard Salter, Cédric G. Fichot, Luca Cortese, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1267–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fine sediment grains in freshwater can cohere into faster-settling particles called flocs, but floc settling velocity theory has not been fully validated. Combining three data sources in novel ways in the Wax Lake Delta, we verified a semi-empirical model relying on turbulence and geochemical factors. For a physics-based model, we showed that the representative grain diameter within flocs relies on floc structure and that heterogeneous flow paths inside flocs increase floc settling velocity.
Jessica Marggraf, Guillaume Dramais, Jérôme Le Coz, Blaise Calmel, Benoît Camenen, David J. Topping, William Santini, Gilles Pierrefeu, and François Lauters
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1243–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Suspended-sand fluxes in rivers vary with time and space, complicating their measurement. The proposed method captures the vertical and lateral variations of suspended-sand concentration throughout a river cross-section. It merges water samples taken at various positions throughout the cross-section with high-resolution acoustic velocity measurements. This is the first method that includes a fully applicable uncertainty estimation; it can easily be applied to any other study sites.
Dominic T. Robson and Andreas C. W. Baas
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1205–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Barchans are fast-moving sand dunes which form large populations (swarms) on Earth and Mars. We show that a small range of model parameters produces swarms in which dune size does not vary downwind – something that is observed in nature but not when using earlier models. We also show how the shape of dunes and the spatial patterns they form are affected by wind direction. This work furthers our understanding of the interplay between environmental drivers, dune interactions, and swarm properties.
Jeffrey Keck, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Benjamin Campforts, Gregory Tucker, and Alexander Horner-Devine
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1165–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MassWastingRunout (MWR) is a new landslide runout model designed for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications. MWR is written in Python and includes a calibration utility that automatically determines best-fit parameters for a site and empirical probability density functions of each parameter for probabilistic model implementation. MWR and Jupyter Notebook tutorials are available as part of the Landlab package at https://github.com/landlab/landlab.
Ariane Mueting and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1121–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the use of optical PlanetScope data for offset tracking of the Earth's surface movement. We found that co-registration accuracy is locally degraded when outdated elevation models are used for orthorectification. To mitigate this bias, we propose to only correlate scenes acquired from common perspectives or base orthorectification on more up-to-date elevation models generated from PlanetScope data alone. This enables a more detailed analysis of landslide dynamics.
Cho-Hee Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, John Weber, Sangmin Ha, Dong-Eun Kim, and Byung Yong Yu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1091–1120, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Topographic metrics were used to understand changes due to tectonic activity. We evaluated the relative tectonic activity along the Ulsan Fault Zone (UFZ), one of the most active fault zones in South Korea. We divided the UFZ into five segments, based on the spatial variation in activity. We modeled the landscape evolution of the study area and interpreted tectono-geomorphic history during which the northern part of the UFZ experienced asymmetric uplift, while the southern part did not.
Juditha Aga, Livia Piermattei, Luc Girod, Kristoffer Aalstad, Trond Eiken, Andreas Kääb, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1049–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal rock cliffs on Svalbard are considered to be fairly stable; however, long-term trends in coastal-retreat rates remain unknown. This study examines changes in the coastline position along Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, using aerial images from 1970, 1990, 2010, and 2021. Our analysis shows that coastal-retreat rates accelerate during the period 2010–2021, which coincides with increasing storminess and retreating sea ice.
Aaron T. Steelquist, Gustav B. Seixas, Mary L. Gillam, Sourav Saha, Seulgi Moon, and George E. Hilley
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1071–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rates at which rivers erode their bed can be used to interpret the geologic history of a region. However, these rates depend significantly on the time window over which you measure. We use multiple dating methods to determine an incision rate for the San Juan River and compare it to regional rates with longer timescales. We demonstrate how specific geologic events, such as cutoffs of bedrock meander bends, are likely to preserve material we can date but also bias the rates we measure.
Johannes Leinauer, Michael Dietze, Sibylle Knapp, Riccardo Scandroglio, Maximilian Jokel, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1027–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Massive rock slope failures are a significant alpine hazard and change the Earth's surface. Therefore, we must understand what controls the preparation of such events. By correlating 4 years of slope displacements with meteorological and seismic data, we found that water from rain and snowmelt is the most important driver. Our approach is applicable to similar sites and indicates where future climatic changes, e.g. in rain intensity and frequency, may alter the preparation of slope failure.
Julien Coatléven and Benoit Chauveau
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 995–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this paper is to explain how to incorporate classical water flow routines into landscape evolution models while keeping numerical errors under control. The key idea is to adapt filtering strategies to eliminate anomalous numerical errors and mesh dependencies, as confirmed by convergence tests with analytic solutions. The emergence of complex geomorphic structures is now driven exclusively by nonlinear heterogeneous physical processes rather than by random numerical artifacts.
Chloé Seibert, Cecilia McHugh, Chris Paola, Leonardo Seeber, and James Tucker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2011, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new mechanism of widespread surficial co-seismic sediment entrainment by seismic motions in subduction earthquakes. Our physical experiments show that shear from sediment-water relative velocities from long-period earthquake motions can mobilize synthetic fine marine sediment. High frequency vertical shaking can enhance this mobilization. According to our results, the largest tsunamigenic earthquakes that rupture to the trench may be distinguishable in the sedimentary record.
Jingjuan Li, John D. Jansen, Xuanmei Fan, Zhiyong Ding, Shugang Kang, and Marco Lovati
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 953–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the geomorphology, sedimentology, and chronology of Tuanjie (seven terraces) and Taiping (three terraces) terraces in Diexi, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Results highlight that two damming and three outburst events occurred in the area during the late Pleistocene, and the outburst floods have been a major factor in the formation of tectonically active mountainous river terraces. Tectonic activity and climatic changes play a minor role.
Jens Martin Turowski, Fergus McNab, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2342, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2342, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Channel belts comprise the area that is affected by a river due to lateral migration and floods. As a landform, they affect local water resources, flood hazard, and often host unique ecological communities. Here, we develop a model describing the evolution of channel belt area over time. The model connects the behaviour of the river to the evolution of the channel belt over a timescale of centuries. A comparison to selected data from experiments and real river systems is favourable.
Andrew Hollyday, Maureen E. Raymo, Jacqueline Austermann, Fred Richards, Mark Hoggard, and Alessio Rovere
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 883–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level was significantly higher during the Pliocene epoch, around 3 million years ago. The present-day elevations of shorelines that formed in the past provide a data constraint on the extent of ice sheet melt and the global sea level response under warm Pliocene conditions. In this study, we identify 10 escarpments that formed from wave-cut erosion during Pliocene times and compare their elevations with model predictions of solid Earth deformation processes to estimate past sea level.
Gregory A. Ruetenik, Ken L. Ferrier, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Nil Carrion-Bertran, Albert Falqués, Francesca Ribas, Daniel Calvete, Rinse de Swart, Ruth Durán, Candela Marco-Peretó, Marta Marcos, Angel Amores, Tim Toomey, Àngels Fernández-Mora, and Jorge Guillén
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity to the wave and sea-level forcing sources in predicting a 6-month embayed beach evolution is assessed using two different morphodynamic models. After a successful model calibration using in situ data, other sources are applied. The wave source choice is critical: hindcast data provide wrong results due to an angle bias, whilst the correct dynamics are recovered with the wave conditions from an offshore buoy. The use of different sea-level sources gives no significant differences.
Jean Vérité, Clément Narteau, Olivier Rozier, Jeanne Alkalla, Laurie Barrier, and Sylvain Courrech du Pont
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1634, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1634, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model in 2D, we study how two identical dunes interact with each other when exposed to reversing winds. Depending on the distance between the dunes, they either repel or attract each other until they reach an equilibrium distance, which is controlled by the wind strength, wind reversal frequency and dune size. This process is controlled by the modification of wind flow over dunes of various shape, influencing the sediment transport downstream.
Abhishek Kashyap, Kristen Cook, and Mukunda Dev Behera
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1618, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1618, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
High-mountain floods exhibit a significant geomorphic hazard, often triggered by rapid snowmelt, extreme precipitation, glacial lake outbursts, and natural failures of dams. Such high-magnitude floods can have catastrophic impacts on downstream communities, ecosystems, and infrastructure. These floods demonstrate the significance of understanding the complex interaction of climatic, hydrological, and geological forces in high mountain regions.
Thomas J. Barnes, Thomas V. Schuler, Simon Filhol, and Karianne S. Lilleøren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 801–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use machine learning to automatically outline landforms based on their characteristics. We test several methods to identify the most accurate and then proceed to develop the most accurate to improve its accuracy further. We manage to outline landforms with 65 %–75 % accuracy, at a resolution of 10 m, thanks to high-quality/high-resolution elevation data. We find that it is possible to run this method at a country scale to quickly produce landform inventories for future studies.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 33 % of ice cliffs are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains unexplored in landscape evolution. Using digital evolution models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for how volcano basins develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 691–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a framework for generating risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This framework uses concepts from probability theory to learn the river migration model's parameter values from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that do not explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John R. Gardner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 581–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the profound impact of deforestation in the Amazon on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand the consequences of human activity for our planet's future.
Jacob Hardt, Tim P. Dooley, and Michael R. Hudec
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
Jon D. Pelletier, Robert G. Hayes, Olivia Hoch, Brendan Fenerty, and Luke A. McGuire
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1153, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1153, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On the gently sloping landscapes next to mountain fronts, junction angles tend to be lower (more acute), while in bedrock landscapes where the initial landscape or tectonic forcing is likely more spatially variable, junction angles tend to be larger (more obtuse). We demonstrate this using an analysis of ~20 million junction angles for the U.S.A., augmented by analyses of the Loess Plateau, China, and synthetic landscapes.
Julius Reich and Axel Winterscheid
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-579, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-579, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Analysing the geometry and the dynamics of riverine bedforms (so-called dunetracking) is important for various fields of application and contributes to a sound and efficient river and sediment management. We developed a new tool, which enables a robust estimation of bedform characteristics and with which comprehensive sensitivity analyses can be carried out. Using a test dataset, we show that the selection of input parameters of dunetracking tools can have a significant impact on the results.
Alexander B. Prescott, Jon D. Pelletier, Satya Chataut, and Sriram Ananthanarayan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1138, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1138, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many Earth surface processes are controlled by the spatial pattern of surface water flow. We review commonly used methods for predicting such spatial patterns in digital landform models and document the pros and cons of commonly used methods. We propose a new method that is designed to minimize those limitations and show that it works well in a variety of test cases.
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Janbert Aarnink, Tom Beucler, Marceline Vuaridel, and Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-792, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-792, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel CNN approach for detecting instream large wood in rivers, addressing the need for flexible monitoring methods that can be used on a variety of data sources. Leveraging a database of 15,228 fully labeled images, our model achieved a 67 % weighted mean average precision. Fine-tuning parameters and sampling techniques offer potential for further performance enhancement of more than 10 % in certain cases, promising valuable insights for ecosystem management.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Dominik Amschwand, Jonas Wicky, Martin Scherler, Martin Hoelzle, Bernhard Krummenacher, Anna Haberkorn, Christian Kienholz, and Hansueli Gubler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-172, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-172, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are comparatively climate-resilient coarse-debris permafrost landforms. We estimate the energy budget of the seasonally thawing active layer (AL) of rock glacier Murtèl (Swiss Alps) based on a novel sub-surface sensor array. In the coarse-blocky AL during the thaw season, heat is transferred by thermal radiation and air convection. The ground heat flux is largely used to melt ground ice in the AL that protects to some degree the permafrost body beneath.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Edge rounding in Shap granite glacial erratics is an irregular function of distance from the source outcrop in northern England, UK. Block shape is conservative, evolving according to block fracture mechanics – stochastic and silver ratio models – towards either of two attractor states. Progressive reduction in size occurs for blocks transported at the sole of the ice mass where the blocks are subject to compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting against a bedrock or till surface.
Gary Parker, Chenge An, Michael P. Lamb, Marcelo H. Garcia, Elizabeth H. Dingle, and Jeremy G. Venditti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River morphology has traditionally been divided by the size 2 mm. We use dimensionless arguments to show that particles in the 1–5 mm range (i) are the finest range not easily suspended by alluvial flood flows, (ii) are transported preferentially over coarser gravel, and (iii), within limits, are also transported preferentially over sand. We show how fluid viscosity mediates the special status of sediment in this range.
Lindsay Marie Capito, Enrico Pandrin, Walter Bertoldi, Nicola Surian, and Simone Bizzi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 321–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose that the pattern of erosion and deposition from repeat topographic surveys can be a proxy for path length in gravel-bed rivers. With laboratory and field data, we applied tools from signal processing to quantify this periodicity and used these path length estimates to calculate sediment transport using the morphological method. Our results highlight the potential to expand the use of the morphological method using only remotely sensed data as well as its limitations.
Caroline Fenske, Jean Braun, François Guillocheau, and Cécile Robin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-160, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-160, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new numerical model to represent the formation of ferricretes which are iron-rich, hard layers found in soils and at the surface of the Earth. We assume that the formation mechanism implies variations in the height of the water table and that the hardening rate is proportional to precipitation. The model allows us to quantify the potential feedbacks they generate on the surface topography and the thickness of the regolith/soil layer.
Xuxu Wu, Jonathan Malarkey, Roberto Fernández, Jaco H. Baas, Ellen Pollard, and Daniel R. Parsons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The seabed changes from flat to rippled in response to the frictional influence of waves and currents. This experimental study has shown that the speed of this change, the size of ripples that result and even whether ripples appear also depend on the amount of sticky mud present. This new classification on the basis of initial mud content should lead to improvements in models of seabed change in present environments by engineers and the interpretation of past environments by geologists.
Andrea D'Alpaos, Davide Tognin, Laura Tommasini, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment erosion induced by wind waves is one of the main drivers of the morphological evolution of shallow tidal environments. However, a reliable description of erosion events for the long-term morphodynamic modelling of tidal systems is still lacking. By statistically characterizing sediment erosion dynamics in the Venice Lagoon over the last 4 centuries, we set up a novel framework for a synthetic, yet reliable, description of erosion events in tidal systems.
Davide Tognin, Andrea D'Alpaos, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of sediment transport processes is necessary to understand the fate of shallow tidal environments. Here we present a framework for the description of suspended sediment dynamics to quantify deposition in the long-term modelling of shallow tidal systems. This characterization, together with that of erosion events, allows one to set up synthetic, yet reliable, models for the long-term evolution of tidal landscapes.
Emma L. S. Graf, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikaël Attal, Boris Gailleton, Basanta Raj Adhikari, and Bishnu Raj Baral
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 135–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite images, we show that, unlike other examples of earthquake-affected rivers, the rivers of central Nepal experienced little increase in sedimentation following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Instead, a catastrophic flood occurred in 2021 that buried towns and agricultural land under up to 10 m of sediment. We show that intense storms remobilised glacial sediment from high elevations causing much a greater impact than flushing of earthquake-induced landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listening to the acoustic noise generated by particle impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 105–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a detailed characterization of the frequency, intensity and duration of flooding events at a site along the Texas coast. Our analysis demonstrates the suitability of relatively simple wave run-up models to estimate the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. Our results validate and expand a probabilistic model of coastal flooding driven by wave run-up that can then be used in coastal risk management in response to sea level rise.
Cited articles
Abbott, J. E. and Francis, J. R. D.: Saltation and suspension trajectories of solid grains in a water stream, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A, 284, 225–254, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1977.0009, 1977.
Ancey, C., Davison, A. C., Böhm, T., Jodeau, M., and Frey, P.: Entrainment and motion of coarse particles in a shallow water stream down a
steep slope, J. Fluid Mech., 595, 83–114, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112007008774, 2008.
Antoniazza, G., Nicollier, T., Wyss, C. R., Boss, S., and Rickenmann, D.:
Bedload transport monitoring in Alpine rivers: variability in Swiss plate
geophone response, Sensors, 20, 4089, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154089, 2020.
Auel, C., Albayrak, I., Sumi, T., and Boes, R. M.: Sediment transport in
high-speed flows over a fixed bed: 1. Particle dynamics, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 42, 1365–1383, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4128, 2017a.
Auel, C., Albayrak, I., Sumi, T., and Boes, R. M.: Sediment transport in
high-speed flows over a fixed bed: 2. Particle impacts and abrasion prediction, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 42, 1384–1396, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4132, 2017b.
Bakker, M., Gimbert, F., Geay, T., Misset, C., Zanker, S., and Recking, A.:
Field application and validation of a seismic bedload transport model, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth, 125, e2019JF005416, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005416, 2020.
Barrière, J., Krein, A., Oth, A., and Schenkluhn, R.: An advanced signal
processing technique for deriving grain size information of bedload transport from impact plate vibration measurements, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 40, 913–924, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3693, 2015.
Barton, J. S., Slingerland, R. L., Pittman, S., and Gabrielson, T. B.: Passive acoustic monitoring of coarse bedload transport on the Trinity River, in: Eighth Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, 2–6 April 2006,
627–634, https://pubs.usgs.govVisc/FISC_1947-2006/pdf/1st-7thFISCs-CD/8thFISC/Session 9C-3_BartonEtAl.pdf (last access: 23 March 2022), 2006.
Barton, J. S., Slingerland, R. L., Pittman, S., and Gabrielson, T. B.: Monitoring coarse bedload transport with passive acoustic instrumentation: A
field study, US Geol. Surv. Sci. Investig. Rep. 5091, US Geological Surve, 14 pp., https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5091/papers/Barton.pdf (last access: 23 March 2022), 2010.
Beylich, A. A. and Laute, K.: Combining impact sensor field and laboratory flume measurements with other techniques for studying fluvial bedload transport in steep mountain streams, Geomorphology, 218, 72–87,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.004, 2014.
Bogen, J. and Møen, K.: Bed load measurements with a new passive acoustic sensor, in: Erosion and Sediment Transport Measurement in Rivers: Trends and Explanation, IAHS Publications, 283, 181–182,
https://iahs.info/uploads/dms/iahs_283_181.pdf (last access: 23 March 2022), 2003.
Bunte, K., Abt, S. R., Potyondy, J. P., and Ryan, S. E.: Measurement of coarse gravel and cobble transport using portable bedload traps, J. Hydraul.
Eng., 130, 879–893, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:9(879), 2004.
Burtin, A., Bollinger, L., Vergne, J., Cattin, R., and Nábělek, J. L.: Spectral analysis of seismic noise induced by rivers: A new tool to
monitor spatiotemporal changes in stream hydrodynamics, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 113, B05301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005034, 2008.
Burtin, A., Vergne, J., Rivera, L., and Dubernet, P.: Location of river-induced seismic signal from noise correlation functions, Geophys. J.
Int., 182, 1161–1173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04701.x, 2010.
Burtin, A., Cattin, R., Bollinger, L., Vergne, J., Steer, P., Robert, A.,
Findling, N., and Tiberi, C.: Towards the hydrologic and bed load monitoring
from high–frequency seismic noise in a braided river: The “torrent de St Pierre”, French Alps, J. Hydrol., 408, 43–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.07.014, 2011.
Camenen, B., Jaballah, M., Geay, T., Belleudy, P., Laronne, J. B., and Laskowski, J. P.: Tentative measurements of bedload transport in an energetic alpine gravel bed river, in: River flow, September 2012, 379–386,
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal--02597879 (last access: 23 March 2022), 2012.
Cassel, M., Lavé, J., Recking, A., Malavoi, J. R., and Piégay, H.:
Bedload transport in rivers, size matters but so does shape, Sci. Rep., 11,
1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79930-7, 2021.
Chatanantavet, P.: Physically-based models of bedrock incision processes in
mountain streams, PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA,
210 pp., https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT.......214C/abstract, last access: 23 March 2022, ISBN 9780549308034, 2007.
Chatanantavet, P., Whipple, K. X., Adams, M. A., and Lamb, M. P.: Experimental study on coarse grain saltation dynamics in bedrock channels, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 1161–1176, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrf.20053, 2013.
Chen, Z., He, S., Nicollier, T., Ammann, L., Badoux, A., and Rickenmann, D.:
Controlled experiments and finite element simulations with the Swiss plate
geophone bedload monitoring system: particle size identification and transport mode, in: EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 April 2021,
EGU21-2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2078, 2021.
Chen, Z., He, S., Nicollier, T., Ammann, L., Badoux, A., and Rickenmann, D.:
Finite element modelling of the Swiss plate geophone bedload monitoring system, J. Hydraul. Res., accepted, 2022.
Childers, D.: Field comparisons of six pressure–difference bedload samplers
in high–energy flow, US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey,
71 pp., http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/ (last access: 23 March 2022), 1999.
Conevski, S., Ruther, N., Guerrero, M., and Rennie, C.: Laboratory monitoring of bedload transport rates using hydro-acoustic techniques (ADCP), in:
Proceedings of the 38th IAHR World Congress, September 2019, Panama city, Panama, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.3850/38WC092019-1594, 2019.
Emmett, W. W.: A field calibration of the sediment–trapping characteristics
of the Helley–Smith bedload sampler, US Government Printing Office, 54 pp., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1139, 1980.
Farin, M., Tsai, V. C., Lamb, M. P., and Allstadt, K. E.: A physical model of the high-frequency seismic signal generated by debris flows, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 44, 2529–2543, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4677, 2019.
Fernandez Luque, R. and Van Beek, R.: Erosion and transport of bed-load
sediment, J. Hydraul. Res., 14, 127-144, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221687609499677, 1976.
Gaillard, A.: Laboratory experiments to develop a testing device for the
geophone bedload transport measuring system, Bachelor thesis, University of
Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 19 pp., 2018.
Geay, T., Belleudy, P., Gervaise, C., Habersack, H., Aigner, J., Kreisler, A., Seiz, H., and Laronne, J. B.: Passive acoustic monitoring of bed load
discharge in a large gravel bed river, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 122, 528–545, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004112, 2017.
Geay, T., Zanker, S., Misset, C., and Recking, A.: Passive Acoustic Measurement of Bedload Transport: Toward a Global Calibration Curve?, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 125, e2019JF005242, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JF005242, 2020.
Gimbert, F., Fuller, B. M., Lamb, M. P., Tsai, V. C., and Johnson, J. P.: Particle transport mechanics and induced seismic noise in steep flume
experiments with accelerometer-embedded tracers, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 44, 219–241, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4495, 2019.
Govi, M., Maraga, F., and Moia, F.: Seismic detectors for continuous bed
load monitoring in a gravel stream, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 38, 123–132,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669309492650, 1993.
Gray, J. R., Laronne, J. B., and Marr, J. D.: Bedload–surrogate monitoring
technologies, US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, 37 pp., https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5091/ (last access: 23 March 2022), 2010.
Habersack, H. M. and Laronne, J. B.: Evaluation and improvement of bed load
discharge formulas based on Helley–Smith sampling in an alpine gravel bed
river, J. Hydraul. Eng., 128, 484-499, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:5(484), 2002.
Hayward, J. A.: Hydrology and stream sediments in a mountain catchment,
Lincoln College, Tussock Grasslands and Mountain Lands Institute,
http://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/handle/10182/5664 (last access: 23 March 2022), 1980.
Helley, E. J., and Smith, W.: Development and calibration of a pressure–difference bedload sampler, US Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, 38 pp., https://xs.dailyheadlines.cc/books?hl=zh-CN&lr=&id=c6JTAAAAYAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&ots=_6LwGxeZr3&sig=TWoJa5WLyQJZxVOH0cN9VmJVz1w (last access: 23 March 2022), 1971.
Hsu, L., Finnegan, N. J., and Brodsky, E. E.: A seismic signature of river
bedload transport during storm events, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047759, 2011.
Hu, C., and Hui, Y.: Bed-load transport. I: Mechanical characteristics, J.
Hydraul. Eng., 122, 245–254, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:5(245), 1996.
Ishibashi, T. and Isobe, A.: Hydraulic study on the protection of erosion of sand flush channel, CRIEPI – Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Rep. 67104, 1968.
Johnson, K. L.: Contact mechanics, Cambridge University Press, UK, ISBN 0521255767, 1985.
Julien, P. Y. and Bounvilay, B.: Velocity of rolling bed load particles, J.
Hydraul. Eng., 139, 177–186, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000657, 2013.
Krein, A., Klinck, H., Eiden, M., Symader, W., Bierl, R., Hoffmann, L., and
Pfister, L.: Investigating the transport dynamics and the properties of bedload material with a hydro-acoustic measuring system, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 33, 152–163, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1576, 2008.
Lajeunesse, E., Malverti, L., and Charru, F.: Bed load transport in turbulent flow at the grain scale: experiments and modelling, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
115, F04001, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000657, 2010.
Lee, H. Y. and Hsu, I. S.: Investigation of saltating particle motions, J.
Hydraul. Eng., 120, 831–845, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:7(831), 1994.
LSTC: LS–DYNA keyword user's manual, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, California, http://www.lstc.com/ (last access: 18 January 2020), 2014.
Mizuyama, T., Oda, A., Laronne, J. B., Nonaka, M., and Matsuoka, M.: Laboratory tests of a Japanese pipe geophone for continuous acoustic monitoring of coarse bedload, US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations
Report 5091, US Geological Survey, 17 pp., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266071395 (last access: 23 March 2022), 2010.
Møen, K. M., Bogen, J., Zuta, J. F., Ade, P. K., and Esbensen, K.:
Bedload measurement in rivers using passive acoustic sensors, US Geological
Survey Scientific Investigations Report 5091, US Geological Survey, 17 pp., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267238644 (last access: 23 March 2022), 2010.
Nicollier, T., Rickenmann, D., and Hartlieb, A.: Calibration of the Swiss
plate geophone system at the Albula field site with direct bedload samples
and comparison with controlled flume experiments, in: SEDHYD 2019 Conference,
Federal Interagency Sedimentation and Hydrologic, Modeling Conference, 24–28 June 2019, Reno, USA, 345 pp., https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1539763 (last access: 23 March 2022), 2019.
Nicollier, T., Rickenmann, D., Boss, S., Travaglini, E., and Hartlieb, A.:
Calibration of the Swiss plate geophone system at the Zinal field site with
direct bedload samples and results from controlled flume experiments, River
Flow 2020, in: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, 7–10 July 2020, Delft, the Netherlands, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1201/b22619-127, 2020.
Nicollier, T., Rickenmann, D., and Hartlieb, A.: Field and flume measurements with the impact plate: Effect of bedload grain-size distribution on signal response, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 46, 1504–1520, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5117, 2021a.
Nicollier, T., Antoniazza, G., Rickenmann, D., and Hartlieb, A., Kirchner, J. W.: Improving the calibration of impact plate bedload monitoring systems
by filtering out acoustic signals from extraneous particle impacts, ESSOAr
(preprint), 13 August 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507726.2, 2021b.
Rennie, C. D., Vericat, D., Williams, R. D., Brasington, J., and Hicks, M.:
Calibration of acoustic doppler current profiler apparent bedload velocity
to bedload transport rate, in: Gravel-Bed Rivers: Processes and Disasters,
edited by: Tsutsumi, D. and Laronne, J. B., Wiley, Blackwell, Oxford, UK,
209–233, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118971437.ch8, 2017.
Rickenmann, D.: Methods for the quantitative assessment of channel processes
in torrents (steep streams), CRC Press, ISBN 978-1-138-02961-3,
ISBN 978-1-4987-7662-2, 2016.
Rickenmann, D.: Bed–load transport measurements with geophones and other
passive acoustic methods, J. Hydraul. Eng., 143, 03117004,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001300, 2017.
Rickenmann, D.: Effect of sediment supply on cyclic fluctuations of the
disequilibrium ratio and threshold transport discharge, inferred from
bedload transport measurements over 27 years at the Swiss Erlenbach stream,
Water Resour. Res., 56, e2020WR027741, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027741, 2020.
Rickenmann, D. and Fritschi, B.: Bedload transport measurements with impact
plate geophones in two Austrian mountain streams (Fischbach and Ruetz): system calibration, grain size estimation, and environmental signal pick-up, Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 669–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-669-2017, 2017.
Rickenmann, D. and McArdell, B. W.: Continuous measurement of sediment transport in the Erlenbach stream using piezoelectric bedload impact sensors, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 32, 1362–1378, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1478, 2007.
Rickenmann, D., Turowski, J. M., Fritschi, B., Klaiber, A., and Ludwig, A.:
Bedload transport measurements at the Erlenbach stream with geophones and
automated basket samplers, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 37, 1000–1011,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3225, 2012.
Rickenmann, D., Turowski, J. M., Fritschi, B., Wyss, C., Laronne, J., Barzilai, R., Reid, I., Kreisler, A., Aigner, J., Seitz, H., and Habersack, H.: Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones: comparison of sensor calibration in different gravel-bed streams, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 39, 928–942, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3499, 2014.
Rigby, J. R., Kuhnle, R. A., Goodwiller, B. T., Nichols, M. H., Carpenter, W. O., Wren, D. G., and Chambers, J. P.: Sediment–generated noise (SGN): Comparison with physical bed load measurements in a small semi-arid
watershed, in: SEDHYD Conference, April 2015, 19–23, https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=313726
(last access: 22 March 2022), 2015.
Rigby, J. R., Wren, D. G., and Kuhnle, R. A.: Passive acoustic monitoring of
bed load for fluvial applications, J. Hydraul. Eng., 142, 02516003,
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001122, 2016.
Roth, D. L., Finnegan, N. J., Brodsky, E. E., Rickenmann, D., Turowski, J. M., Badoux, A., and Gimbert, F.: Bed load transport and boundary roughness
changes as competing causes of hysteresis in the relationship between river
discharge and seismic amplitude recorded near a steep mountain stream, J.
Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 1182–1200, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF004062, 2017.
Ryan, S. E., Porth, L. S., and Troendle, C. A.: Coarse sediment transport in
mountain streams in Colorado and Wyoming, USA, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 30, 269–288, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1128, 2005.
Schneider, J. M., Rickenmann, D., Turowski, J. M., Bunte, K., and Kirchner, J. W.: Applicability of bed load transport models for mixed-size sediments in steep streams considering macro-roughness, Water Resour. Res., 51, 5260–5283, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016417, 2015.
Sekine, M. and Kikkawa, H.: Mechanics of saltating grains II, J. Hydraul. Eng., 118, 536–558, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:4(536), 1992.
Shahmohammadi, R., Afzalimehr, H., and Sui, J.: Assessment of Critical Shear
Stress and Threshold Velocity in Shallow Flow with Sand Particles, Water, 13, 994, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13070994, 2021.
Thorne, P. D.: The measurement of acoustic noise generated by moving artificial sediments, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 78, 1013–1023, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393018, 1985.
Thorne, P. D.: Laboratory and marine measurements on the acoustic detection of sediment transport, J. Acoust. Soc., 80, 899–910, https://doi.org/10.1121/1.393913, 1986.
Thorne, P. D.: An overview of underwater sound generated by interparticle collisions and its application to the measurements of coarse sediment bedload transport, Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 531–543, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-531-2014, 2014.
Tsai, V. C., Minchew, B., Lamb, M. P., and Ampuero, J. P.: A physical model
for seismic noise generation from sediment transport in rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050255, 2012.
Tsakiris, A. G., Papanicolaou, A. T. N., and Lauth, T. J.: Signature of bedload particle transport mode in the acoustic signal of a geophone, J. Hydraul. Res., 52, 185–204, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2013.876454, 2014.
Turowski, J. M. and Rickenmann, D.: Tools and cover effects in bedload
transport observations in the Pitzbach, Austria, Earth. Surf. Proc. Land., 34, 26–37, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1686, 2009.
Turowski, J. M., Böckli, M., Rickenmann, D., and Beer, A. R.: Field
measurements of the energy delivered to the channel bed by moving bed load
and links to bedrock erosion, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 118, 2438–2450, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002765, 2013.
Turowski, J. M., Wyss, C. R., and Beer, A. R.: Grain size effects on energy
delivery to the streambed and links to bedrock erosion, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
42, 1775–1780, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063159, 2015.
Vasile, G.: Vibration data processing for bedload monitoring in underwater
environments, Remote Sens., 12, 2797, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172797, 2020.
Wyss, C. R., Rickenmann, D., Fritschi, B., Turowski, J. M., Weitbrecht, V.,
and Boes, R. M.: Bedload grain size estimation from the indirect monitoring
of bedload transport with Swiss plate geophones at the Erlenbach stream,
in: River Flow 2014, 1907–1912, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265515326 (last access: 23 March 2022), 2014.
Wyss, C. R., Rickenmann, D., Fritschi, B., Turowski, J. M., Weitbrecht, V.,
and Boes, R. M.: Laboratory flume experiments with the Swiss plate geophone
bed load monitoring system: 1. Impulse counts and particle size identification, Water Resour. Res., 52, 7744–7759, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR018555, 2016a.
Wyss, C. R., Rickenmann, D., Fritschi, B., Turowski, J. M., Weitbrecht, V.,
Travaglini, E., Bardou, E., and Boes, R. M.: Laboratory flume experiments
with the Swiss plate geophone bed load monitoring system: 2. Application to
field sites with direct bed load samples, Water Resour. Res., 52, 7760–7778, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019283, 2016b.
Wyss, C. R., Rickenmann, D., Fritschi, B., Turowski, J. M., Weitbrecht, V., and Boes, R. M.: Measuring bed load transport rates by grain–size fraction
using the Swiss plate geophone signal at the Erlenbach, J. Hydraul. Eng., 142, 04016003, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001090, 2016c.
Short summary
Bedload flux quantification remains challenging in river dynamics due to variable transport modes. We used a passive monitoring device to record the acoustic signals generated by the impacts of bedload particles with different transport modes, and established the relationship between the triggered signals and bedload characteristics. The findings of this study could improve our understanding of the monitoring system and bedload transport process, and contribute to bedload size classification.
Bedload flux quantification remains challenging in river dynamics due to variable transport...
