Articles | Volume 8, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-555-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-555-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Jun 2020
Research article |
| 22 Jun 2020
| 22 Jun 2020
Quantifying sediment mass redistribution from joint time-lapse gravimetry and photogrammetry surveys
Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
Philippe Steer
Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS, Université Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
Kuo-Jen Chang
Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
Nicolas Le Moigne
Géosciences Montpellier, UMR CNRS/UM2 5243, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, Montpellier, France
Cheinway Hwang
Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
Wen-Chi Hsieh
Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, 31040, Taiwan
Louise Jeandet
Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS, Université Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
Laurent Longuevergne
Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, CNRS, Université Rennes, Rennes, 35000, France
Ching-Chung Cheng
Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
Jean-Paul Boy
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, CNRS – Université de Strasbourg UMR 7516 – Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, Strasbourg, 67084 CEDEX, France
Frédéric Masson
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, CNRS – Université de Strasbourg UMR 7516 – Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, Strasbourg, 67084 CEDEX, France
Related authors
Lucas Pelascini, Philippe Steer, Maxime Mouyen, and Laurent Longuevergne
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3125–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides represent a major natural hazard and are often triggered by typhoons. We present a new 2D model computing the respective role of rainfall infiltration, atmospheric depression and groundwater in slope stability during typhoons. The results show rainfall is the strongest factor of destabilisation. However, if the slope is fully saturated, near the toe of the slope or during the wet season, rainfall infiltration is limited and atmospheric pressure change can become the dominant factor.
Maxime Mouyen, Romain Plateaux, Alexander Kunz, Philippe Steer, and Laurent Longuevergne
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-233, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-233, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
LAPS is an easy to use Matlab code that allows simulating the transport of particles in the ocean without any programming requirement. The simulation is based on publicly available ocean current velocity fields and allows to output particles spatial distribution and trajectories at time intervals defined by the user. After explaining how LAPS is working, we show a few examples of applications for studying sediment transport or plastic littering. The code is available on Github.
Coline Ariagno, Philippe Steer, Pierre Valla, and Benjamin Campforts
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2088, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2088, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf).
Short summary
Short summary
This study explored the impact of landslides on their topography using a landscape evolution model called ‘Hyland’, which enables long-term topographical analysis. Our finding reveal that landslides are concentrated at two specific elevations over time and predominantly affect the highest and steepest slopes, particularly along ridges and crests. This study is part of the large question about the origin of the erosion acceleration during the Quaternary.
Marie-Françoise Lalancette, Guy Wöppelmann, Sylvain Lucas, Roger Bayer, Jean-Daniel Bernard, Jean-Paul Boy, Nicolas Florsch, Jacques Hinderer, Nicolas Le Moigne, Muriel Llubes, Bernard Luck, and Didier Rouxel
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2025-211, 2025
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents 25 years of carefully processed gravity measurements from western France, offering a unique dataset to support investigations of long-term land motion and sea level change. The data are consistent with satellite-based observations and are made available for use in future geophysical and climate-related research.
Thomas Geffroy, Philippe Yamato, Philippe Steer, Benjamin Guillaume, and Thibault Duretz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1962, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1962, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Solid Earth (SE).
Short summary
Short summary
While erosion's role in mountain building is well known, deformation from valley incision in inactive regions is less understood. Using our numerical models, we show that incision alone can cause significant crustal deformation and drive lower crust exhumation. This is favored in areas with thick crust, weak lower crust, and high plateaux. Our results show surface processes can reshape Earth's surface over time.
Marion Fournereau, Laure Guerit, Philippe Steer, Jean-Jacques Kermarrec, Paul Leroy, Christophe Lanos, Hélène Hivert, Claire Astrié, and Dimitri Lague
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1541, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1541, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf).
Short summary
Short summary
River bedrock erosion can occur by polishing and by the removal of entire blocks. We observe that when there is no to little fractures most erosion occurs by polishing whereas with more fractures, blocks can be removed at once leading to different patterns of erosion and riverbed morphology. Fractures affect barely mean erosion rate but change the location and occurrence of block removal. Our results highlight how river bedrock properties influence erosion processes and thus landscape evolution.
Alexandre Gauvain, Ronan Abhervé, Alexandre Coche, Martin Le Mesnil, Clément Roques, Camille Bouchez, Jean Marçais, Sarah Leray, Etienne Marti, Ronny Figueroa, Etienne Bresciani, Camille Vautier, Bastien Boivin, June Sallou, Johan Bourcier, Benoit Combemale, Philip Brunner, Laurent Longuevergne, Luc Aquilina, and Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3962, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3962, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
HydroModPy is an open-source toolbox that makes it easier to study and model groundwater flow at catchment scale. By combining mapping tools with groundwater modeling, it automates the process of building, analyzing and deploying aquifer models. This allows researchers to simulate groundwater flow that sustains stream baseflows, providing insights for the hydrology community. Designed to be accessible and customizable, HydroModPy supports sustainable water management, research, and education.
Boris Gailleton, Philippe Steer, Philippe Davy, Wolfgang Schwanghart, and Thomas Bernard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1295–1313, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1295-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1295-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use cutting-edge algorithms and conceptual simplifications to solve the equations that describe surface water flow. Using quantitative data on rainfall and elevation, GraphFlood calculates river width and depth and approximates erosive power, making it a suitable tool for large-scale hazard management and understanding the relationship between rivers and mountains.
Ronan Abhervé, Clément Roques, Alexandre Gauvain, Laurent Longuevergne, Stéphane Louaisil, Luc Aquilina, and Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3221–3239, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a model calibration method constraining groundwater seepage in the hydrographic network. The method assesses the hydraulic properties of aquifers in regions where perennial streams are directly fed by groundwater. The estimated hydraulic conductivity appear to be highly sensitive to the spatial extent and density of streams. Such an approach improving subsurface characterization from surface information is particularly interesting for ungauged basins.
Philippe Steer, Laure Guerit, Dimitri Lague, Alain Crave, and Aurélie Gourdon
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1211–1232, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The morphology and size of sediments influence erosion efficiency, sediment transport and the quality of aquatic ecosystem. In turn, the spatial evolution of sediment size provides information on the past dynamics of erosion and sediment transport. We have developed a new software which semi-automatically identifies and measures sediments based on 3D point clouds. This software is fast and efficient, offering a new avenue to measure the geometrical properties of large numbers of sediment grains.
Luca Guillaumot, Laurent Longuevergne, Jean Marçais, Nicolas Lavenant, and Olivier Bour
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5697–5720, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5697-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5697-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recharge, defining the renewal rate of groundwater resources, is difficult to estimate at basin scale. Here, recharge variations are inferred from water table variations recorded in boreholes. First, results show that aquifer-scale properties controlling these variations can be inferred from boreholes. Second, groundwater is recharged by both intense and seasonal rainfall. Third, the short-term contribution appears overestimated in recharge models and depends on the unsaturated zone thickness.
Lucas Pelascini, Philippe Steer, Maxime Mouyen, and Laurent Longuevergne
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3125–3141, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3125-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3125-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides represent a major natural hazard and are often triggered by typhoons. We present a new 2D model computing the respective role of rainfall infiltration, atmospheric depression and groundwater in slope stability during typhoons. The results show rainfall is the strongest factor of destabilisation. However, if the slope is fully saturated, near the toe of the slope or during the wet season, rainfall infiltration is limited and atmospheric pressure change can become the dominant factor.
Clément Roques, David E. Rupp, Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy, Laurent Longuevergne, Elizabeth R. Jachens, Gordon Grant, Luc Aquilina, and John S. Selker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4391–4405, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4391-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4391-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow dynamics are directly dependent on contributions from groundwater, with hillslope heterogeneity being a major driver in controlling both spatial and temporal variabilities in recession discharge behaviors. By analysing new model results, this paper identifies the major structural features of aquifers driving streamflow dynamics. It provides important guidance to inform catchment-to-regional-scale models, with key geological knowledge influencing groundwater–surface water interactions.
Nataline Simon, Olivier Bour, Mikaël Faucheux, Nicolas Lavenant, Hugo Le Lay, Ophélie Fovet, Zahra Thomas, and Laurent Longuevergne
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 1459–1479, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1459-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-1459-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater discharge into streams plays a major role in the preservation of stream ecosystems. There were two complementary methods, both based on the use of the distributed temperature sensing technology, applied in a headwater catchment. Measurements allowed us to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater discharge and quantify groundwater inflows into the stream, opening very promising perspectives for a novel characterization of the groundwater–stream interface.
Maxime Mouyen, Romain Plateaux, Alexander Kunz, Philippe Steer, and Laurent Longuevergne
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-233, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2021-233, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
LAPS is an easy to use Matlab code that allows simulating the transport of particles in the ocean without any programming requirement. The simulation is based on publicly available ocean current velocity fields and allows to output particles spatial distribution and trajectories at time intervals defined by the user. After explaining how LAPS is working, we show a few examples of applications for studying sediment transport or plastic littering. The code is available on Github.
Philippe Steer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1239–1250, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1239-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1239-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How landscapes respond to tectonic and climatic changes is a major issue in Earth sciences. I have developed a new model that solves for landscape evolution in two dimensions using analytical solutions. Compared to numerical models, this new model is quicker and more accurate. It can compute in a single time step the topography at equilibrium of a landscape or be used to describe its evolution through time, e.g. during changes in tectonic or climatic conditions.
Thomas G. Bernard, Dimitri Lague, and Philippe Steer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1013–1044, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1013-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1013-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Both landslide mapping and volume estimation accuracies are crucial to quantify landscape evolution and manage such a natural hazard. We developed a method to robustly detect landslides and measure their volume from repeat 3D point cloud lidar data. This method detects more landslides than classical 2D inventories and resolves known issues of indirect volume measurement. Our results also suggest that the number of small landslides classically detected from 2D imagery is underestimated.
Thomas Croissant, Robert G. Hilton, Gen K. Li, Jamie Howarth, Jin Wang, Erin L. Harvey, Philippe Steer, and Alexander L. Densmore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 823–844, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-823-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-823-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In mountain ranges, earthquake-derived landslides mobilize large amounts of organic carbon (OC) by eroding soil from hillslopes. We propose a model to explore the role of different parameters in the post-seismic redistribution of soil OC controlled by fluvial export and heterotrophic respiration. Applied to the Southern Alps, our results suggest that efficient OC fluvial export during the first decade after an earthquake promotes carbon sequestration.
Simon Deggim, Annette Eicker, Lennart Schawohl, Helena Gerdener, Kerstin Schulze, Olga Engels, Jürgen Kusche, Anita T. Saraswati, Tonie van Dam, Laura Ellenbeck, Denise Dettmering, Christian Schwatke, Stefan Mayr, Igor Klein, and Laurent Longuevergne
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2227–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2227-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2227-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
GRACE provides us with global changes of terrestrial water storage. However, the data have a low spatial resolution, and localized storage changes in lakes/reservoirs or mass change due to earthquakes causes leakage effects. The correction product RECOG RL01 presented in this paper accounts for these effects. Its application allows for improving calibration/assimilation of GRACE into hydrological models and better drought detection in earthquake-affected areas.
Maxime Bernard, Philippe Steer, Kerry Gallagher, and David Lundbek Egholm
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 931–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-931-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-931-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Detrital thermochronometric age distributions of frontal moraines have the potential to retrieve ice erosion patterns. However, modelling erosion and sediment transport by the Tiedemann Glacier ice shows that ice velocity, the source of sediment, and ice flow patterns affect age distribution shape by delaying sediment transfer. Local sampling of frontal moraine can represent only a limited part of the catchment area and thus lead to a biased estimation of the spatial distribution of erosion.
Benjamin Campforts, Charles M. Shobe, Philippe Steer, Matthias Vanmaercke, Dimitri Lague, and Jean Braun
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3863–3886, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3863-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3863-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides shape the Earth’s surface and are a dominant source of terrestrial sediment. Rivers, then, act as conveyor belts evacuating landslide-produced sediment. Understanding the interaction among rivers and landslides is important to predict the Earth’s surface response to past and future environmental changes and for mitigating natural hazards. We develop HyLands, a new numerical model that provides a toolbox to explore how landslides and rivers interact over several timescales.
C. C. Carabajal and J.-P. Boy
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2020, 1299–1306, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-1299-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-1299-2020, 2020
Wei-Chia Hung, Yi-An Chen, and Cheinway Hwang
Proc. IAHS, 382, 103–109, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-103-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-103-2020, 2020
Jean-Pierre Vergnes, Nicolas Roux, Florence Habets, Philippe Ackerer, Nadia Amraoui, François Besson, Yvan Caballero, Quentin Courtois, Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy, Pierre Etchevers, Nicolas Gallois, Delphine J. Leroux, Laurent Longuevergne, Patrick Le Moigne, Thierry Morel, Simon Munier, Fabienne Regimbeau, Dominique Thiéry, and Pascal Viennot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 633–654, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-633-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-633-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The AquiFR hydrogeological modelling platform aims to provide
short-term-to-seasonal hydrological forecasts over France for daily water management and long-term simulations for climate impact studies. The results described in this study confirm the feasibility of gathering independent groundwater models into the same numerical tool. This new tool encourages the development of groundwater modelling, and it has the potential to be valuable for many operational and research applications.
Philippe Steer, Thomas Croissant, Edwin Baynes, and Dimitri Lague
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 681–706, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-681-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-681-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We use a statistical earthquake generator to investigate the influence of fault activity on river profile development and on the formation of co-seismic knickpoints. We find that the magnitude distribution of knickpoints resulting from a purely seismic fault is homogeneous. Shallow aseismic slip favours knickpoints generated by large-magnitude earthquakes nucleating at depth. Accounting for fault burial by alluvial cover can modulate the topographic expression of earthquakes and fault activity.
Cédric Champollion, Sabrina Deville, Jean Chéry, Erik Doerflinger, Nicolas Le Moigne, Roger Bayer, Philippe Vernant, and Naomi Mazzilli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3825–3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3825-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3825-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Gravity monitoring at the surface and in situ (in caves) has been conducted in a karst hydro-system in the south of France (Larzac plateau). Subsurface water storage is evidenced with a spatial variability probably associated with lithology differences and confirmed by MRS measurements. Gravity allows transient water storage to be estimated on the seasonal scale.
Mohammad Shamsudduha, Richard G. Taylor, Darren Jones, Laurent Longuevergne, Michael Owor, and Callist Tindimugaya
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4533–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4533-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4533-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study tests the phase and amplitude of GRACE TWS signals in the Upper Nile Basin from five commonly used gridded products (NASA's GRCTellus: CSR, JPL, GFZ; JPL-Mascons; GRGS) using in situ data and soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System. Resolution of changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from GRACE is greatly constrained by the uncertain simulated soil moisture storage and the low amplitude in ΔGWS observed in deeply weathered crystalline rocks in the Upper Nile Basin.
W.-C. Hung, C. Wang, C. Hwang, Y.-A. Chen, H.-C. Chiu, and S.-H. Lin
Proc. IAHS, 372, 385–391, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-385-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-385-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
During 1992-2013, pumping of groundwater caused large-scale aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence in the Choshui River Alluvial Fan (CRAF) in Taiwan. The subsidence has already endangered the operation of Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR). In this paper, we introduce the multiple sensors monitoring system to study the extent of subsidence in CRAF and its mechanism, including GPS (Global Positioning System), PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry), leveling and multi-layer compaction monito
H. Brenot, A. Walpersdorf, M. Reverdy, J. van Baelen, V. Ducrocq, C. Champollion, F. Masson, E. Doerflinger, P. Collard, and P. Giroux
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 553–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-553-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-553-2014, 2014
L. Longuevergne, C. R. Wilson, B. R. Scanlon, and J. F. Crétaux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4817–4830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4817-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4817-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Sub-surface processes and heat fluxes at coarse blocky Murtèl rock glacier (Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps): seasonal ice and convective cooling render rock glaciers climate-robust
Influence of alluvial slope on avulsion in river deltas
Surficial sediment remobilization by shear between sediment and water above tsunamigenic megathrust ruptures: experimental study
Haloturbation in the northern Atacama Desert revealed by a hidden subsurface network of calcium sulfate wedges
An evaluation of flow-routing algorithms for calculating contributing area on regular grids
Geometric constraints on tributary fluvial network junction angles
Automatic detection of floating instream large wood in videos using deep learning
Investigating uncertainty and parameter sensitivity in bedform analysis by using a Monte Carlo approach
Geomorphic imprint of high-mountain floods: insights from the 2022 hydrological extreme across the upper Indus River catchment in the northwestern Himalayas
Short communication: Learning How Landscapes Evolve with Neural Operators
A numerical model for duricrust formation by water table fluctuations
Width evolution of channel belts as a random walk
Evidence of slow millennial cliff retreat rates using cosmogenic nuclides in coastal colluvium
Equilibrium distance from long-range dune interactions
Examination of analytical shear stress predictions for coastal dune evolution
Localised geomorphic response to channel-spanning leaky wooden dams
Post-fire evolution of ravel transport regimes in the Diablo Range, CA
Landscape response to tectonic deformation and cyclic climate change since ca. 800 ka in the southern central Andes
The Aare main overdeepening on the northern margin of the European Alps: basins, riegels, and slot canyons
Surface grain-size mapping of braided channels from SfM photogrammetry
A simple model for faceted topographies at normal faults based on an extended stream-power law
Multiple Equilibrium Configurations in River-Dominated Deltas
Short Communications: Multiscale topographic complexity analysis with pyTopoComplexity
Testing floc settling velocity models in rivers and freshwater wetlands
River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements
Barchan swarm dynamics from a Two-Flank Agent-Based Model
A landslide runout model for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications
Tracking slow-moving landslides with PlanetScope data: new perspectives on the satellite's perspective
Topographic metrics for unveiling fault segmentation and tectono-geomorphic evolution with insights into the impact of inherited topography, Ulsan Fault Zone, South Korea
Biomechanical parameters of marram grass (Calamagrostis arenaria) for advanced modeling of dune vegetation
Acceleration of coastal-retreat rates for high-Arctic rock cliffs on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, over the past decade
The impact of bedrock meander cutoffs on 50 kyr scale incision rates, San Juan River, Utah
Sediment aggradation rates for Himalayan Rivers revealed through SAR remote sensing
Spatiotemporal denudation rates of the Swabian Alb escarpment (Southwest Germany) dominated by base-level lowering and lithology
Use of simple analytical solutions in the calibration of Shallow Water Equations debris flow models
How water, temperature, and seismicity control the preconditioning of massive rock slope failure (Hochvogel)
Large structure simulation for landscape evolution models
Investigating the celerity of propagation for small perturbations and dispersive sediment aggradation under a supercritical flow
Terrace formation linked to outburst floods at the Diexi palaeo-landslide dam, upper Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau
AI-Based Tracking of Fast-Moving Alpine Landforms Using High Frequency Monoscopic Time-Lapse Imagery
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: a target dataset for dynamic topography models
Decadal-scale decay of landslide-derived fluvial suspended sediment after Typhoon Morakot
Role of the forcing sources in morphodynamic modelling of an embayed beach
A machine learning approach to the geomorphometric detection of ribbed moraines in Norway
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Dominik Amschwand, Jonas Wicky, Martin Scherler, Martin Hoelzle, Bernhard Krummenacher, Anna Haberkorn, Christian Kienholz, and Hansueli Gubler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 365–401, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-365-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-365-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are comparatively climate-robust permafrost landforms. We estimated the energy budget of the seasonally thawing active layer (AL) of Murtèl rock glacier (Swiss Alps) based on a novel sub-surface sensor array. In the coarse blocky AL, heat is transferred by thermal radiation and air convection. The ground heat flux is largely spent on melting seasonal ice in the AL. Convective cooling and the seasonal ice turnover make rock glaciers climate-robust and shield the permafrost beneath.
Octria A. Prasojo, Trevor B. Hoey, Amanda Owen, and Richard D. Williams
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-349-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-349-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Decades of delta avulsion (i.e. channel abrupt jump) studies have not resolved what the main controls of delta avulsion are. Using a computer model, integrated with field observation, analytical, and laboratory-made deltas, we found that the sediment load, which itself is controlled by the steepness of the river upstream of a delta, controls the timing of avulsion. We can now better understand the main cause of abrupt channel changes in deltas, a finding that aids flood risk management in river deltas.
Chloé Seibert, Cecilia McHugh, Chris Paola, Leonardo Seeber, and James Tucker
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 341–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-341-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-341-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new mechanism of co-seismic sediment entrainment induced by shear stress at the sediment–water interface during major subduction earthquakes rupturing to the trench. Physical experiments show that flow velocities consistent with long-period earthquake motions can entrain synthetic marine sediment, and high-frequency vertical shaking can enhance this mobilization. They validate the proposed entrainment mechanism, which opens new avenues for paleoseismology in deep-sea environments.
Aline Zinelabedin, Joel Mohren, Maria Wierzbicka-Wieczorek, Tibor Janos Dunai, Stefan Heinze, and Benedikt Ritter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 257–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In order to interpret the formation processes of subsurface salt wedges and polygonal patterned grounds from the northern Atacama Desert, we present a multi-methodological approach. Due to the high salt content of the wedges, we suggest that their formation is dominated by subsurface salt dynamics requiring moisture. We assume that the climatic conditions during the wedge growth were slightly wetter than today, offering the potential to use the wedges as palaeoclimate archives.
Alexander B. Prescott, Jon D. Pelletier, Satya Chataut, and Sriram Ananthanarayan
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 239–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-239-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-239-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Many Earth surface processes are controlled by the spatial pattern of surface water flow. We review commonly used methods for predicting such spatial patterns in digital landform models and document the pros and cons of commonly used methods. We propose a new method that is designed to minimize those limitations and show that it works well in a variety of test cases.
Jon D. Pelletier, Robert G. Hayes, Olivia Hoch, Brendan Fenerty, and Luke A. McGuire
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 219–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-219-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-219-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate that landscapes with more planar initial conditions tend to have lower mean junction angles. Geomorphic processes on alluvial piedmonts result in especially planar initial conditions, consistent with a correlation between junction angles and the presence/absence of Late Cenozoic alluvial deposits and the constraint imposed by the intersection of planar approximations to the topography upslope from tributary junctions. We caution against using junction angles to infer paleoclimate.
Janbert Aarnink, Tom Beucler, Marceline Vuaridel, and Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 167–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-167-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-167-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel convolutional-neural-network approach for detecting instream large wood in rivers, addressing the need for flexible monitoring methods across diverse data sources. Using a database of 15 228 fully labelled images, the model achieved a weighted mean average precision of 67 %. Fine-tuning parameters and sampling techniques can improve performance by over 10 % in some cases, offering valuable insights into ecosystem management.
Julius Reich and Axel Winterscheid
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 191–217, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-191-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-191-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Analyzing the geometry and the dynamics of riverine bedforms (so-called dune tracking) is important for various fields of application and contributes to sound and efficient river and sediment management. We developed a workflow that enables a robust estimation of bedform characteristics and with which comprehensive sensitivity analyses can be carried out. Using a field dataset, we show that the setting of input parameters in bedform analyses can have a significant impact on the results.
Abhishek Kashyap, Kristen L. Cook, and Mukunda Dev Behera
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 147–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Short-lived, high-magnitude flood events across high mountain regions leave substantial geomorphic imprints, which are frequently triggered by excess precipitation, glacial lake outbursts, and natural dam breaches. These catastrophic floods highlight the importance of understanding the complex interaction between climatic, hydrological, and geological forces in bedrock catchments. Extreme floods can have long-term geomorphic consequences on river morphology and fluvial processes.
Gareth G. Roberts
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-307, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-307, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The use of new Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to learn how landscapes evolve is demonstrated. A few ‘snapshots' of an eroding landscape at different stages of its history provide enough information for AI to ascertain rules governing its evolution. Once the rules are known, predicting landscape evolution is extremely rapid and efficient, providing new tools to understand landscape change.
Caroline Fenske, Jean Braun, François Guillocheau, and Cécile Robin
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 119–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-119-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-119-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new numerical model to represent the formation of duricrusts, which are hard mineral layers found in soils and at the surface of the Earth. We assume that the formation mechanism implies variations in the height of the water table and that the hardening rate is proportional to precipitation. The model allows us to quantify the potential feedbacks they generate on the surface topography and the thickness of the regolith/soil layer.
Jens M. Turowski, Fergus McNab, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 97–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-97-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-97-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Channel belts comprise the area affected by a river due to lateral migration and floods. As a landform, they affect water resources and flood hazard, and they often host unique ecological communities. We develop a model describing the evolution of channel-belt area over time. The model connects the behaviour of the river to the evolution of the channel belt over a timescale of centuries. A comparison to selected data from experiments and real river systems verifies the random walk approach.
Rémi Bossis, Vincent Regard, Sébastien Carretier, and Sandrine Choy
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 71–79, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-71-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-71-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The erosion of rocky coasts occurs episodically through wave action and landslides, constituting a major natural hazard. Documenting the factors that control the coastal retreat rate over millennia is fundamental to evidencing any change in time. However, the known rates to date are essentially representative of the last few decades. Here, we present a new method using the concentration of an isotope, 10Be, in sediment eroded from the cliff to quantify its retreat rate averaged over millennia.
Jean Vérité, Clément Narteau, Olivier Rozier, Jeanne Alkalla, Laurie Barrier, and Sylvain Courrech du Pont
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 23–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-23-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-23-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model in 2D, we study how two identical dunes interact with each other when exposed to reversing winds. Depending on the distance between the dunes, they either repel or attract each other until they reach an equilibrium distance, which is controlled by the wind strength, wind reversal frequency, and dune size. This process is controlled by the modification of wind flow over dunes of various shapes, influencing the sediment transport downstream.
Orie Cecil, Nicholas Cohn, Matthew Farthing, Sourav Dutta, and Andrew Trautz
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using computational fluid dynamics, we analyze the error trends of an analytical shear stress distribution model used to drive aeolian transport for coastal dunes, which are an important line of defense against storm-related flooding hazards. We find that compared to numerical simulations, the analytical model results in a net overprediction of the landward migration rate. Additionally, two data-driven approaches are proposed for reducing the error while maintaining computational efficiency.
Joshua M. Wolstenholme, Christopher J. Skinner, David J. Milan, Robert E. Thomas, and Daniel R. Parsons
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3001, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3001, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Leaky wooden dams are a popular form of natural flood management used to slow the flow of water by increasing floodplain connectivity whilst decreasing connectivity along the river profile. By monitoring two leaky wooden dams in North Yorkshire, UK, we present the geomorphological response to their installation, highlighting that the structures significantly increase channel complexity in response to different river flow conditions.
Hayden L. Jacobson, Danica L. Roth, Gabriel Walton, Margaret Zimmer, and Kerri Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1415–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Loose grains travel farther after a fire because no vegetation is left to stop them. This matters since loose grains at the base of a slope can turn into a debris flow if it rains. To find if grass growing back after a fire had different impacts on grains of different sizes on slopes of different steepness, we dropped thousands of natural grains and measured how far they went. Large grains went farther 7 months after the fire than 11 months after, and small grain movement didn’t change much.
Elizabeth N. Orr, Taylor F. Schildgen, Stefanie Tofelde, Hella Wittmann, and Ricardo N. Alonso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1391–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1391-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial terraces and alluvial fans in the Toro Basin, NW Argentina, record river evolution and global climate cycles over time. Landform dating reveals lower-frequency climate cycles (100 kyr) preserved downstream and higher-frequency cycles (21/40 kyr) upstream, supporting theoretical predications that longer rivers filter out higher-frequency climate signals. This finding improves our understanding of the spatial distribution of sedimentary paleoclimate records within landscapes.
Fritz Schlunegger, Edi Kissling, Dimitri Tibo Bandou, Guilhem Amin Douillet, David Mair, Urs Marti, Regina Reber, Patrick Schläfli, and Michael Alfred Schwenk
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Overdeepenings are bedrock depressions filled with sediment. We combine the results of a gravity survey with drilling data to explore the morphology of such a depression beneath the city of Bern. We find that the target overdeepening comprises two basins >200 m deep. They are separated by a bedrock riegel that itself is cut by narrow canyons up to 150 m deep. We postulate that these structures formed underneath a glacier, where erosion by subglacial meltwater caused the formation of the canyons.
Loïs Ribet, Frédéric Liébault, Laurent Borgniet, Michaël Deschâtres, and Gabriel Melun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3697, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a protocol and a model to get the size of the pebbles in mountain rivers from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images. A set of 12 rivers located in south-eastern France were photographed to build the model. The results show that the model has little error and should be usable for similar rivers. Grain-size of mountain rivers is an important parameter for environmental diagnostics by mapping the aquatic habitats and for flood management by estimating the pebbles fluxes during floods.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1315–1327, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Faceted topographies are impressive footprints of active tectonics in geomorphology. This paper investigates the evolution of faceted topographies at normal faults and their interaction with a river network theoretically and numerically. As a main result beyond several relations for the geometry of facets, the horizontal displacement associated with normal faults is crucial for the dissection of initially polygonal facets into triangular facets bounded by almost parallel rivers.
Lorenzo Durante, Nicoletta Tambroni, and Michele Bolla Pittaluga
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3552, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River deltas are dynamic areas where rivers meet the sea. This study examines delta configurations to guide balanced development and environmental health. Using the Po River Delta, we developed a model to understand how different delta parts interact and maintain balance. Our findings show that deltas can reach varied states of balance, with some areas more prone to shift. These insights support predictions of delta changes and better management strategies.
Larry Syu-Heng Lai, Adam M. Booth, Alison R. Duvall, and Erich Herzig
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3415, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3415, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
pyTopoComplexity is an open-source tool that quantifies land surface complexity using advanced methods. Applied to a landslide-affected area in Washington, USA, it accurately analyzed landform features at various scales, enhancing our understanding of landform recovery after disturbances. By integrating with Landlab’s landscape evolution simulations, the software allows researchers to explore how different processes drive the evolution of surface complexity in response to natural forces.
Justin A. Nghiem, Gen K. Li, Joshua P. Harringmeyer, Gerard Salter, Cédric G. Fichot, Luca Cortese, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1267–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fine sediment grains in freshwater can cohere into faster-settling particles called flocs, but floc settling velocity theory has not been fully validated. Combining three data sources in novel ways in the Wax Lake Delta, we verified a semi-empirical model relying on turbulence and geochemical factors. For a physics-based model, we showed that the representative grain diameter within flocs relies on floc structure and that heterogeneous flow paths inside flocs increase floc settling velocity.
Jessica Marggraf, Guillaume Dramais, Jérôme Le Coz, Blaise Calmel, Benoît Camenen, David J. Topping, William Santini, Gilles Pierrefeu, and François Lauters
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1243–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Suspended-sand fluxes in rivers vary with time and space, complicating their measurement. The proposed method captures the vertical and lateral variations of suspended-sand concentration throughout a river cross-section. It merges water samples taken at various positions throughout the cross-section with high-resolution acoustic velocity measurements. This is the first method that includes a fully applicable uncertainty estimation; it can easily be applied to any other study sites.
Dominic T. Robson and Andreas C. W. Baas
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1205–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Barchans are fast-moving sand dunes which form large populations (swarms) on Earth and Mars. We show that a small range of model parameters produces swarms in which dune size does not vary downwind – something that is observed in nature but not when using earlier models. We also show how the shape of dunes and the spatial patterns they form are affected by wind direction. This work furthers our understanding of the interplay between environmental drivers, dune interactions, and swarm properties.
Jeffrey Keck, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Benjamin Campforts, Gregory Tucker, and Alexander Horner-Devine
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1165–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MassWastingRunout (MWR) is a new landslide runout model designed for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications. MWR is written in Python and includes a calibration utility that automatically determines best-fit parameters for a site and empirical probability density functions of each parameter for probabilistic model implementation. MWR and Jupyter Notebook tutorials are available as part of the Landlab package at https://github.com/landlab/landlab.
Ariane Mueting and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1121–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the use of optical PlanetScope data for offset tracking of the Earth's surface movement. We found that co-registration accuracy is locally degraded when outdated elevation models are used for orthorectification. To mitigate this bias, we propose to only correlate scenes acquired from common perspectives or base orthorectification on more up-to-date elevation models generated from PlanetScope data alone. This enables a more detailed analysis of landslide dynamics.
Cho-Hee Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, John Weber, Sangmin Ha, Dong-Eun Kim, and Byung Yong Yu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1091–1120, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Topographic metrics were used to understand changes due to tectonic activity. We evaluated the relative tectonic activity along the Ulsan Fault Zone (UFZ), one of the most active fault zones in South Korea. We divided the UFZ into five segments, based on the spatial variation in activity. We modeled the landscape evolution of the study area and interpreted tectono-geomorphic history during which the northern part of the UFZ experienced asymmetric uplift, while the southern part did not.
Viktoria Kosmalla, Oliver Lojek, Jana Carus, Kara Keimer, Lukas Ahrenbeck, Björn Mehrtens, David Schürenkamp, Boris Schröder, and Nils Goseberg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2688, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2688, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study analysed seasonal biomechanical traits of marram grass at two coastal dune sites using monthly field and lab data acquired 2022. Differences in density, leaf length, and flower stems were observed, which are unaffected by wind and deemed transferable. These findings enable surrogate model development for numerical and physical experiments alike, where live vegetation is impractical. Results address the knowledge gap how dune stability and erosion resistance are affected by vegetation.
Juditha Aga, Livia Piermattei, Luc Girod, Kristoffer Aalstad, Trond Eiken, Andreas Kääb, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1049–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal rock cliffs on Svalbard are considered to be fairly stable; however, long-term trends in coastal-retreat rates remain unknown. This study examines changes in the coastline position along Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, using aerial images from 1970, 1990, 2010, and 2021. Our analysis shows that coastal-retreat rates accelerate during the period 2010–2021, which coincides with increasing storminess and retreating sea ice.
Aaron T. Steelquist, Gustav B. Seixas, Mary L. Gillam, Sourav Saha, Seulgi Moon, and George E. Hilley
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1071–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rates at which rivers erode their bed can be used to interpret the geologic history of a region. However, these rates depend significantly on the time window over which you measure. We use multiple dating methods to determine an incision rate for the San Juan River and compare it to regional rates with longer timescales. We demonstrate how specific geologic events, such as cutoffs of bedrock meander bends, are likely to preserve material we can date but also bias the rates we measure.
Jingqiu Huang and Hugh D. Sinclair
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2600, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2600, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses radar technology to track tiny changes in riverbeds elevation in Himalayan Rivers as they flow onto the Gangetic Plains. By analyzing data from 2016 to 2021, we found that sediment builds up in seasonally dry (ephemeral) rivers during monsoon seasons, while the surrounding floodplains is sinking. This research is important for understanding how these elevation changes affect flood risks in rapidly growing communities in Nepal and India. Our findings can improve flood management.
Mirjam Schaller, Daniel Peifer, Alexander B. Neely, Thomas Bernard, Christoph Glotzbach, Alexander R. Beer, and Todd A. Ehlers
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2729, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2729, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study reports chemical weathering, physical erosion, and total denudation rates from river load data in the Swabian Alb, Southwest Germany. Tributaries to the Neckar River draining to the North show higher rates than tributaries draining to the South into the Danube River causing a retreat of the Swabian Alb escarpment. Observations are discussed in the light of lithology, climate, and topography. The data are further compared to other rates over space and time as well as to global data.
Riccardo Bonomelli, Marco Pilotti, and Gabriele Farina
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2267, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2267, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are fundamental components of the hazard in mountain regions and numerical models must be used for the related risk computation. Most existing commercial software strongly conceptualizes the main characteristics of the flow, leading to an inevitable calibration process, that is time-consuming and difficult to accomplish. This contribution offers some physically based solutions to confine the calibration process and to better understand the implications of the selected choice.
Johannes Leinauer, Michael Dietze, Sibylle Knapp, Riccardo Scandroglio, Maximilian Jokel, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1027–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Massive rock slope failures are a significant alpine hazard and change the Earth's surface. Therefore, we must understand what controls the preparation of such events. By correlating 4 years of slope displacements with meteorological and seismic data, we found that water from rain and snowmelt is the most important driver. Our approach is applicable to similar sites and indicates where future climatic changes, e.g. in rain intensity and frequency, may alter the preparation of slope failure.
Julien Coatléven and Benoit Chauveau
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 995–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this paper is to explain how to incorporate classical water flow routines into landscape evolution models while keeping numerical errors under control. The key idea is to adapt filtering strategies to eliminate anomalous numerical errors and mesh dependencies, as confirmed by convergence tests with analytic solutions. The emergence of complex geomorphic structures is now driven exclusively by nonlinear heterogeneous physical processes rather than by random numerical artifacts.
Hasan Eslami, Erfan Poursoleymanzadeh, Mojtaba Hiteh, Keivan Tavakoli, Melika Yavari Nia, Ehsan Zadehali, Reihaneh Zarrabi, and Alessio Radice
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-414, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-414, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A channel may be aggraded by overloaded sediment. In this study we realize an aggradation experiment and determine the celerity at which an aggradation wave, due to sediment overloading, migrates. We also investigate the celerity of small perturbations, as quantified based on mathematical formulations. The celerities of the two kinds are correlated with each other. However, the celerity of small perturbations is larger than the other one, that is less than a few percent of the water velocity.
Jingjuan Li, John D. Jansen, Xuanmei Fan, Zhiyong Ding, Shugang Kang, and Marco Lovati
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 953–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the geomorphology, sedimentology, and chronology of Tuanjie (seven terraces) and Taiping (three terraces) terraces in Diexi, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Results highlight that two damming and three outburst events occurred in the area during the late Pleistocene, and the outburst floods have been a major factor in the formation of tectonically active mountainous river terraces. Tectonic activity and climatic changes play a minor role.
Hanne Hendrickx, Xabier Blanch, Melanie Elias, Reynald Delaloye, and Anette Eltner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2570, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2570, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces a novel AI-based method to track and analyse the movement of rock glaciers and landslides, key indicators of permafrost dynamics in high mountain regions. Using time-lapse images, our approach provides detailed velocity data, revealing patterns that traditional methods miss. This cost-effective tool enhances our ability to monitor geohazards, offering insights into climate change impacts on permafrost and improving safety in alpine areas.
Andrew Hollyday, Maureen E. Raymo, Jacqueline Austermann, Fred Richards, Mark Hoggard, and Alessio Rovere
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 883–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level was significantly higher during the Pliocene epoch, around 3 million years ago. The present-day elevations of shorelines that formed in the past provide a data constraint on the extent of ice sheet melt and the global sea level response under warm Pliocene conditions. In this study, we identify 10 escarpments that formed from wave-cut erosion during Pliocene times and compare their elevations with model predictions of solid Earth deformation processes to estimate past sea level.
Gregory A. Ruetenik, Ken L. Ferrier, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Nil Carrion-Bertran, Albert Falqués, Francesca Ribas, Daniel Calvete, Rinse de Swart, Ruth Durán, Candela Marco-Peretó, Marta Marcos, Angel Amores, Tim Toomey, Àngels Fernández-Mora, and Jorge Guillén
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity to the wave and sea-level forcing sources in predicting a 6-month embayed beach evolution is assessed using two different morphodynamic models. After a successful model calibration using in situ data, other sources are applied. The wave source choice is critical: hindcast data provide wrong results due to an angle bias, whilst the correct dynamics are recovered with the wave conditions from an offshore buoy. The use of different sea-level sources gives no significant differences.
Thomas J. Barnes, Thomas V. Schuler, Simon Filhol, and Karianne S. Lilleøren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 801–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use machine learning to automatically outline landforms based on their characteristics. We test several methods to identify the most accurate and then proceed to develop the most accurate to improve its accuracy further. We manage to outline landforms with 65 %–75 % accuracy, at a resolution of 10 m, thanks to high-quality/high-resolution elevation data. We find that it is possible to run this method at a country scale to quickly produce landform inventories for future studies.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 33 % of ice cliffs are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains unexplored in landscape evolution. Using digital evolution models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for how volcano basins develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 691–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a framework for generating risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This framework uses concepts from probability theory to learn the river migration model's parameter values from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that do not explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John R. Gardner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 581–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the profound impact of deforestation in the Amazon on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand the consequences of human activity for our planet's future.
Jacob Hardt, Tim P. Dooley, and Michael R. Hudec
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
Cited articles
Aksoy, H. and Kavvas, M. L.:
A review of hillslope and watershed scale erosion and sediment transport models,
Catena,
64, 247–271, 2005.
Boedecker, G.:
IAGBN: Absolute Observations Data Processing Standards,
BGI-Bull. d'Information, 63, 51–57, 1988.
Bos, M. S. and Scherneck, H.-G.:
Ocean tide loading provider,
available at: http://holt.oso.chalmers.se/loading/ (last access: 18 June 2020), 2003.
Boy, J.-P.:
EOST Loading Service,
available at: http://loading.u-strasbg.fr/ (last access: 18 June 2020), 2015.
Camacho, A. G., Fernández, J., and Gottsmann, J.:
The 3-D gravity inversion package GROWTH2.0 and its application to Tenerife Island, Spain,
Comput. Geosci.,
37, 621–633, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2010.12.003, 2011.
Carbone, D. and Greco, F.:
Review of Microgravity Observations at Mt. Etna: A Powerful Tool to Monitor and Study Active Volcanoes,
Pure Appl. Geophys.,
164, 769–790, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0194-7, 2007.
Chang, K.-J., Chan, Y.-C., Chen, R.-F., and Hsieh, Y.-C.: Geomorphological evolution of landslides near an active normal fault in northern Taiwan, as revealed by lidar and unmanned aircraft system data, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 709–727, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-709-2018, 2018.
Chen, C. S. and Chen, Y. L.:
The rainfall characteristics of Taiwan,
Mon. Weather Rev.,
131, 1323–1341, 2003.
Chiang, S. H. and Chang, K. T.:
The potential impact of climate change on typhoon-triggered landslides in Taiwan, 2010–2099,
Geomorphology,
133, 143–151, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.028, 2011.
Ching, K.-E. E., Hsieh, M.-L. L., Johnson, K. M., Chen, K.-H. H., Rau, R.-J. J., and Yang, M.:
Modern vertical deformation rates and mountain building in Taiwan from precise leveling and continuous GPS observations, 2000–2008,
J. Geophys. Res.,
116, B08406, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008242, 2011.
Cook, K. L., Turowski, J. M., and Hovius, N.:
A demonstration of the importance of bedload transport for fluvial bedrock erosion and knickpoint propagation, Earth Surf. Processes,
38, 683–695, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3313, 2013.
Croissant, T., Lague, D., Steer, P., and Davy, P.:
Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width,
Nat. Geosci.,
10, 680, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3005, 2017.
Crossley, D., Hinderer, J., and Riccardi, U.:
The measurement of surface gravity.,
Rep. Prog. Phys.,
76, 46101, https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/76/4/046101, 2013.
Dadson, S., Hovius, N., Pegg, S., Dade, W. B., Horng, M. J., and Chen, H.:
Hyperpycnal river flows from an active mountain belt,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
110, F04016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JF000244, 2005.
Dadson, S. J., Hovius, N., Chen, H., Dade, W. B., Hsieh, M. L., Willett, S. D., Hu, J. C., Horng, M.-J. J., Chen, M.-C. C., Stark, C. P., Lague, D., and Lin, J.-C.:
Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen,
Nature,
426, 648–651, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02150, 2003.
Darby, S. E., Hackney, C. R., Leyland, J., Kummu, M., Lauri, H., Parsons, D. R., Best, J. L., Nicholas, A. P., and Aalto, R.:
Fluvial sediment supply to a mega-delta reduced by shifting tropical-cyclone activity,
Nature,
539, 276–279, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19809, 2016.
Deffontaines, B., Chang, K.-J., Champenois, J., Fruneau, B., Pathier, E., Hu, J.-C., Lu, S.-T., and Liu, Y.-C.:
Active interseismic shallow deformation of the Pingting terraces (Longitudinal Valley – Eastern Taiwan) from UAV high-resolution topographic data combined with InSAR time series,
Geomat. Nat. Haz. Risk,
8, 120–136, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1181678, 2017.
Deffontaines, B., Chang, K.-J., Champenois, J., Lin, K.-C., Lee, C.-T., Chen, R.-F., Hu, J.-C., and Magalhaes, S.: Active tectonics of the onshore Hengchun Fault using UAS DSM combined with ALOS PS-InSAR time series (Southern Taiwan), Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 829–845, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-829-2018, 2018.
Dehant, V., Defraigne, P., and Wahr, J. M.:
Tides for a convective Earth,
J. Geophys. Res.,
104, 1035–1058, 1999.
DeLisle, C. and Yanites, B. J.:
The impacts of landslides triggered by the 2009 Typhoon Morakot on landscape evolution: A mass balance approach,
Am. Geophys. Union, Fall Meet., 10–14 December 2018, Washington, D.C., USA, Abstr. #EP21C-2257,
available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AGUFMEP21C2257D (last access: 18 June 2020), 2018.
Eltner, A., Kaiser, A., Castillo, C., Rock, G., Neugirg, F., and Abellán, A.:
Image-based surface reconstruction in geomorphometry – merits, limits and developments,
Earth Surf. Dynam.,
4, 359–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-359-2016, 2016.
Farinotti, D., Longuevergne, L., Moholdt, G., Duethmann, D., Mölg, T., Bolch, T., Vorogushyn, S., and Güntner, A.:
Substantial glacier mass loss in the Tien Shan over the past 50 years,
Nat. Geosci.,
8, 716–722, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2513, 2015.
Ferguson, J. F., Klopping, F. J., Chen, T., Seibert, J. E., Hare, J. L., and Brady, J. L.:
The 4D microgravity method for waterflood surveillance: Part 3 — 4D absolute microgravity surveys at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska,
GEOPHYSICS,
73, WA163–WA171, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2992510, 2008.
Ferro, V. and Porto, P.:
Sediment Delivery Distributed (SEDD) Model,
J. Hydrol. Eng.,
5, 411–422, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2000)5:4(411), 2000.
Fores, B., Champollion, C., Le Moigne, N., and Chery, J.:
Impact of ambient temperature on spring-based relative gravimeter measurements,
J. Geodesy,
91, 269–277, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-016-0961-2, 2017.
Furukawa, Y. and Ponce, J.:
Accurate, dense, and robust multiview stereopsis,
IEEE T. Pattern Anal.,
32, 1362–1376, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2009.161, 2010.
Ge, X., Li, T., Zhang, S., and Peng, M.:
What causes the extremely heavy rainfall in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot (2009)?,
Atmos. Sci. Lett.,
11, 46–50, 2010.
Gelaro, R., McCarty, W., Suárez, M. J., Todling, R., Molod, A., Takacs, L., Randles, C. A., Darmenov, A., Bosilovich, M. G., Reichle, R., Wargan, K., Coy, L., Cullather, R., Draper, C., Akella, S., Buchard, V., Conaty, A., da Silva, A. M., Gu, W., Kim, G.-K., Koster, R., Lucchesi, R., Merkova, D., Nielsen, J. E., Partyka, G., Pawson, S., Putman, W., Rienecker, M., Schubert, S. D., Sienkiewicz, M., and Zhao, B.:
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2),
J. Climate,
30, 5419–5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1, 2017.
Han, S. C., Shum, C. K., Bevis, M., Ji, C., and Kuo, C.-Y.:
Crustal Dilatation Observed by GRACE After the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake,
Science,
313, 658–663, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128661, 2006.
Hare, J. L., Ferguson, J. F., and Brady, J. L.:
The 4D microgravity method for waterflood surveillance: Part IV – Modeling and interpretation of early epoch 4D gravity surveys at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska,
GEOPHYSICS,
73, WA173–WA180, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.2991120, 2008.
Hinderer, J., Crossley, D., and Warburton, R. J.:
Superconducting Gravimetry, in: Treatise on Geophysics, 2nd edn., edited by: Schubert, G., Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 59–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53802-4.00062-2, 2015.
Ho, C. S.:
A synthesis of the geologic evolution of Taiwan,
Tectonophysics,
125, 1–16, 1986.
Horton, A. J., Constantine, J. A., Hales, T. C., Goossens, B., Bruford, M. W., and Lazarus, E. D.:
Modification of river meandering by tropical deforestation,
Geology,
45, 511–514, https://doi.org/10.1130/G38740.1, 2017.
Hovius, N., Stark, C. P., Tsu, C. H., Chuan, L. J., Hao-tsu, C., Jiun-chuan, L., Chu, H. T., and Lin, J. C.:
Supply and removal of sediment in a landslide-dominated mountain belt: Central Range, Taiwan,
J. Geol.,
108, 73–89, 2000.
Hovius, N., Meunier, P., Lin, C.-W. W., Chen, H., Chen, Y.-G. G., Dadson, S., Horng, M.-J. J., and Lines, M.:
Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake,
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,
304, 347–355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.02.005, 2011.
Hsieh, M.-L. and Capart, H.:
Late Holocene episodic river aggradation along the Lao-nong River (southwestern Taiwan): An application to the Tseng-wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project,
Eng. Geol.,
159, 83–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENGGEO.2013.03.019, 2013.
Hwang, C., Wang, C. G., and Lee, L. H.:
Adjustment of relative gravity measurements using weighted and datum-free constraints,
Comput. Geosci.,
28, 1005–1015, 2002.
IES-AS:
GPS LAB,
available at: http://gps.earth.sinica.edu.tw/ (last access: 18 June 2020), 2015.
Jaboyedoff, M., Oppikofer, T., Abellán, A., Derron, M. H., Loye, A., Metzger, R., and Pedrazzini, A.:
Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: A review,
Nat. Hazards,
61, 5–28, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-010-9634-2, 2012.
Jacob, T., Chery, J., Bayer, R., Le Moigne, N., Boy, J.-P., Vernant, P., and Boudin, F.:
Time-lapse surface to depth gravity measurements on a karst system reveal the dominant role of the epikarst as a water storage entity,
Geophys. J. Int.,
177, 347–360, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04118.x, 2009.
Jacob, T., Bayer, R., Chery, J., and Le Moigne, N.:
Time-lapse microgravity surveys reveal water storage heterogeneity of a karst aquifer,
J. Geophys. Res.,
115, B06402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006616, 2010.
Kao, R., Hwang, C., Kim, J. W., Ching, K.-E., Masson, F., Hsieh, W.-C., Le Moigne, N., and Cheng, C.-C.:
Absolute gravity change in Taiwan: Present result of geodynamic process investigation.,
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.,
28, 855–875, 2017.
Kazama, T., Okubo, S., Sugano, T., Matsumoto, S., Sun, W., Tanaka, Y., and Koyama, E.:
Absolute gravity change associated with magma mass movement in the conduit of Asama Volcano (Central Japan), revealed by physical modeling of hydrological gravity disturbances,
J. Geophys. Res.,
120, 1263–1287, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011563, 2015.
Lin, C.-W., Chang, W.-S., Liu, S.-H., Tsai, T.-T., Lee, S.-P., Tsang, Y.-C., Shieh, C.-L., and Tseng, C.-M.:
Landslides triggered by the 7 August 2009 Typhoon Morakot in southern Taiwan,
Eng. Geol.,
123, 3–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.06.007, 2011.
Lin, G.-W. and Chen, H.:
Recurrence of hyper-concentration flows on the orogenic, subtropical island of Taiwan,
J. Hydrol.,
502, 139–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2013.08.036, 2013.
Liu, H. and Pike, W. T.:
A micromachined angular-acceleration sensor for geophysical applications,
Appl. Phys. Lett.,
109, 173506, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4966547, 2016.
Liu, Y.-C., Hwang, C., Han, J., Kao, R., Wu, C.-R., Shih, H.-C., and Tangdamrongsub, N.:
Sediment-Mass Accumulation Rate and Variability in the East China Sea Detected by GRACE,
Remote Sens.,
8, 777, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8090777, 2016.
Longuevergne, L., Boy, J.-P., Florsch, N., Viville, D., Ferhat, G., Ulrich, P., Luck, B., and Hinderer, J.:
Local and global hydrological contributions to gravity variations observed in Strasbourg,
J. Geodyn.,
48, 189–194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2009.09.008, 2009.
Longuevergne, L., Wilson, C. R., Scanlon, B. R., and Crétaux, J. F.: GRACE water storage estimates for the Middle East and other regions with significant reservoir and lake storage, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4817–4830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4817-2013, 2013.
Lyard, F., Lefevre, F., Letellier, T., and Francis, O.: Modelling the global ocean tides: Modern insights from FES2004, Ocean Dynam., 56, 394–415, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-006-0086-x, 2006.
Ménoret, V., Vermeulen, P., Le Moigne, N., Bonvalot, S., Bouyer, P., Landragin, A., and Desruelle, B.:
Gravity measurements below 10−9g with a transportable absolute quantum gravimeter,
Sci. Rep.,
8, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30608-1, 2018.
Merriam, J. B.:
Atmospheric pressure and gravity,
Geophys. J. Int.,
109, 488–500, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00112.x, 1992.
Middlemiss, R. P., Samarelli, A., Paul, D. J., Hough, J., Rowan, S., and Hammond, G. D.:
The First Measurement of the Earth Tides with a MEMS Gravimeter,
Nature,
531, 614–617, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17397, 2016.
Middlemiss, R. P., Bramsiepe, S. G., Douglas, R., Hough, J., Paul, D. J., Rowan, S., and Hammond, G. D.:
Field tests of a portable MEMS gravimeter,
Sensors (Switzerland),
17, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.3390/s17112571, 2017.
Milliman, J. D. and Farnsworth, K. L.:
River Discharge to the Coastal Ocean: A Global Synthesis, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 2011.
Molnar, P., Anderson, R. S., and Anderson, S. P.: Tectonics, fracturing of rock, and erosion,
J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
112, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JF000433, 2007.
Morera, S. B., Condom, T., Crave, A., Steer, P., and Guyot, J. L.:
The impact of extreme El Niño events on modern sediment transport along the western Peruvian Andes (1968–2012),
Sci. Rep.,
7, 11947, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12220-x, 2017.
Mouyen, M., Masson, F., Hwang, C., Cheng, C.-C., Le Moigne, N., Lee, C.-W., Kao, R., and Hsieh, W.-C.:
Erosion effects assessed by repeated gravity measurements in southern Taiwan,
Geophys. J. Int.,
192, 113–136, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggs019, 2013.
Mouyen, M., Longuevergne, L., Steer, P., Crave, A., Lemoine, J.-M. J. M., Save, H., and Robin, C.:
Assessing modern river sediment discharge to the ocean using satellite gravimetry,
Nat. Commun.,
9, 3384, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05921-y, 2018.
Mouyen, M., Steer, P., Chang, K.-J., Le Moigne, N., Hwang, C., Hsieh, W.-C., Jeandet, L., Longuevergne, L., Cheng, C.-C., Boy, J.-P., and Masson, F.: data_mouyen_etal_Esurf, available at: https://chalmersuniversity.box.com/s/q5h1lpbflqlx9wi9yruway3k9jorflwe
(last access: 18 June 2020), 2019.
Nagy, D.:
The prism method for terrain corrections using digital computers,
Pure Appl. Geophys.,
63, 31–39, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00875156, 1966.
Naujoks, M., Weise, A., Kroner, C., and Jahr, T.:
Detection of small hydrological variations in gravity by repeated observations with relative gravimeters,
J. Geodesy,
82, 543–553, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-007-0202-9, 2008.
Niebauer, T. M.:
Gravimetric methods – absolute gravimeter?: instruments concepts and implementation,
in: Treatise on Geophysics, vol. 3,
edited by: Schubert, G.,
Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 37–57, 2015.
Niebauer, T. M., Sasagawa, G. S., Faller, J. E., Hilt, R., and Klopping, F.:
A new generation of absolute gravimeters,
Metrologia,
32, 159–180, 1995.
Niethammer, U., James, M. R., Rothmund, S., Travelletti, J., and Joswig, M.:
UAV-based remote sensing of the Super-Sauze landslide: Evaluation and results,
Eng. Geol.,
128, 2–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.03.012, 2012.
Oborne, M.:
Mission Planner,
available at: https://ardupilot.org/planner/ (last access: 10 April 2020), 2010.
Pail, R., Bingham, R., Braitenberg, C., Dobslaw, H., Eicker, A., Güntner, A., Horwath, M., Ivins, E., Longuevergne, L., Panet, I., and Wouters, B.:
Science and User Needs for Observing Global Mass Transport to Understand Global Change and to Benefit Society,
Surv. Geophys.,
36, 743–772, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-015-9348-9, 2015.
Peizhen, Z., Molnar, P., and Downs, W. R.:
Increased sedimentation rates and grain sizes 2–4 Myr ago due to the influence of climate change on erosion rates,
Nature,
410, 891–897, https://doi.org/10.1038/35073504, 2001.
Petrov, L. and Boy, J.-P.:
Study of the atmospheric pressure loading signal in very long baseline interferometry observations,
J. Geophys. Res.,
109, B03405, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JB002500, 2004.
Pfeffer, J., Champollion, C., Favreau, G., Cappelaere, B., Hinderer, J., Boucher, M., Nazoumou, Y., Oï, M., Mouyen, M., Henri, C., Moigne, N. Le, Deroussi, S., Demarty, J., Boulain, N., Benarrosh, N., Robert, O., Le Moigne, N., Deroussi, S., Demarty, J., Boulain, N., Benarrosh, N., and Robert, O.:
Evaluating surface and subsurface water storage variations at small time and space scales from relative gravity measurements in semiarid Niger,
Water Resour. Res.,
49, 3276–3291, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20235, 2013.
Pix4D:
Pix4Dmapper: professional drone mapping and photogrammetry software,
available at: https://www.pix4d.com/product/pix4dmapper-photogrammetry-software, last access: 10 April 2020.
Rebischung, P., Griffiths, J., Ray, J., Schmid, R., Collilieux, X., and Garayt, B.:
IGS08: The IGS realization of ITRF2008,
GPS Solut.,
16, 483–494, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-011-0248-2, 2012.
Rodell, M., Houser, P. R., Jambor, U., Gottschalck, J., Mitchell, K., Meng, C.-J. J., Arsenault, K., Cosgrove, B., Radakovich, J., Bosilovich, M., Entin*, J. K., Walker, J. P., Lohmann, D., Toll, D., Entin, J. K., Walker, J. P., Lohmann, D., and Toll, D.:
The Global Land Data Assimilation System,
B. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,
85, 381–394, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381, 2004.
Schwab, M., Rieke-Zapp, D., Schneider, H., Liniger, M., and Schlunegger, F.:
Landsliding and sediment flux in the Central Swiss Alps: A photogrammetric study of the Schimbrig landslide, Entlebuch,
Geomorphology,
97, 392–406, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.08.019, 2008.
Scintrex Ltd.:
CG-5 Scintrex Autograv System, Operation Manual, Scintrex Limited, Concord, Ontario, Canada, available at:
http://www.scintrexltd.com/ (last access: 18 June 2020), 2010.
Seitz, S. M., Curless, B., Diebel, J., Scharstein, D., and Szeliski, R.:
A comparison and evaluation of multi-view stereo reconstruction algorithms,
Proc. CVPR IEEE,
1, 519–526., 2006.
Steer, P., Huismans, R. S., Valla, P. G., Gac, S., and Herman, F.:
Bimodal plio-quaternary glacial erosion of fjords and low-relief surfaces in Scandinavia,
Nat. Geosci.,
5, 635–639, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1549, 2012.
Steer, P., Simoes, M., Cattin, R., and Shyu, J. B. H.:
Erosion influences the seismicity of active thrust faults,
Nat. Commun.,
5, 5564, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6564, 2014.
Taiwan Water Resources Agency:
Hydrological Year Book of Taiwan Republic of China,
Taipei, Taiwan, 2019.
Tapley, B. D., Bettadpur, S., Ries, J. C., Thompson, P. F., and Watkins, M. M.:
GRACE measurements of mass variability in the Earth system,
Science,
305, 503–505, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1099192, 2004.
Torres, A., Brandt, J., Lear, K., and Liu, J.:
A looming tragedy of the sand commons,
Science,
357, 970–971, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0503, 2017.
Tu, J. T., Chou, C., and Chu, P. S.:
The abrupt shift of typhoon activity in the vicinity of Taiwan and its association with western North Pacific-East Asian climate change,
J. Climate,
22, 3617–3628, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2411.1, 2009.
Van Camp, M. and Vauterin, P.:
Tsoft: graphical and interactive software for the analysis of time series and Earth tides,
Comput. Geosci.,
31, 631–640, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2004.11.015, 2005.
Van Camp, M., Williams, S. D. P., and Francis, O.:
Uncertainty of absolute gravity measurements,
J. Geophys. Res.,
110, B05406, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003497, 2005.
Van Camp, M., de Viron, O., Scherneck, H.-G. G., Hinzen, K.-G. G., Williams, S. D. P., Lecocq, T., Quinif, Y., and Camelbeeck, T.:
Repeated absolute gravity measurements for monitoring slow intraplate vertical deformation in western Europe,
J. Geophys. Res.,
116, B08402, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB008174, 2011.
Van Camp, M., de Viron, O., Watlet, A., Meurers, B., Francis, O., and Caudron, C.:
Geophysics From Terrestrial Time-Variable Gravity Measurements,
Rev. Geophys.,
55, 938–992, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017RG000566, 2017.
Wessel, P., Smith, W. H. F., Scharroo, R., Luis, J., and Wobbe, F.:
Generic Mapping Tools: Improved Version Released,
Eos T. Am. Geophys. Un.,
94, 409–410, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO450001, 2013.
Willett, S. D.:
Orogeny and orography: The effects of erosion on the structure of mountain belts,
J. Geophys. Res.,
104, 928–957, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900248, 1999.
Yanites, B. J., Tucker, G. E., Mueller, K. J., and Chen, Y. G.:
How rivers react to large earthquakes: Evidence from central Taiwan,
Geology,
38, 639–642, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30883.1, 2010.
Short summary
Land erosion creates sediment particles that are redistributed from mountains to oceans through climatic, tectonic and human activities, but measuring the mass of redistributed sediment is difficult. Here we describe a new method combining gravity and photogrammetry measurements, which make it possible to weigh the mass of sediment redistributed by a landslide and a river in Taiwan from 2015 to 2017. Trying this method in other regions will help us to better understand the erosion process.
Land erosion creates sediment particles that are redistributed from mountains to oceans through...
