Articles | Volume 12, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Nov 2024
Research article |
| 05 Nov 2024
| 05 Nov 2024
River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements
RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
Guillaume Dramais
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
Jérôme Le Coz
RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
Blaise Calmel
RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
Benoît Camenen
RiverLy, INRAE, 5 Rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
David J. Topping
U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
William Santini
IRD-GET, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire GET (IRD, CNRS, UPS, CNES), Toulouse, France
Gilles Pierrefeu
CACOH, CNR, 4 Rue de Chalon-sur-Saône, Lyon, 69007, France
François Lauters
Service Etudes Eau Environnement, EDF, 134 Chemin de l'étang, Saint Martin Le Vinoux, 38950, France
Related authors
No articles found.
Francisco Rodrigues do Amaral, Benoît Camenen, Tin Nguyen Trung, Tran Anh Tu, Thierry Pellarin, and Nicolas Gratiot
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1563, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1563, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how to improve models predicting water flow in South Vietnam's Saigon and Dongnai rivers, where data is scarce. By testing three different methods to adjust the river model using river water level and river discharge measurements, we found ways to better predict river behavior. These findings can help manage water resources more effectively and aid decision-making for flood protection and environmental conservation.
Mathieu Lucas, Michel Lang, Benjamin Renard, and Jérôme Le Coz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-50, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-50, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes Binomial models for the inclusion of historical data into flood frequency analysis, which recognize the uncertain nature of the perception threshold and the starting date of the historical period. The procedure is applied to a long systematic series 1816–2020 and 13 historical floods over 1500–1815 (Rhône River, Beaucaire, France). Inclusion of historical floods reduces the uncertainty flood quantiles, even when only the number of perception threshold exceedances is known.
Hugo Lepage, Alexandra Gruat, Fabien Thollet, Jérôme Le Coz, Marina Coquery, Matthieu Masson, Aymeric Dabrin, Olivier Radakovitch, Jérôme Labille, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Doriane Delanghe, and Patrick Raimbault
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2369–2384, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2369-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2369-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The dataset contains concentrations and fluxes of suspended particle matter (SPM) and several particle-bound contaminants along the Rhône River downstream of Lake Geneva. These data allow us to understand the dynamics and origins. They show the impact of flood events which mainly contribute to a decrease in the contaminant concentrations while fluxes are significant. On the contrary, concentrations are higher during low flow periods probably due to the increase of organic matter.
Jérôme Le Coz, Guy D. Moukandi N'kaya, Jean-Pierre Bricquet, Alain Laraque, and Benjamin Renard
Proc. IAHS, 384, 25–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-25-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-25-2021, 2021
William Santini, Benoît Camenen, Jérôme Le Coz, Philippe Vauchel, Jean-Loup Guyot, Waldo Lavado, Jorge Carranza, Marco A. Paredes, Jhonatan J. Pérez Arévalo, Nore Arévalo, Raul Espinoza Villar, Frédéric Julien, and Jean-Michel Martinez
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-515-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-515-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A simple model is proposed to improve the sediment concentration monitoring in the large rivers of the Peruvian Amazon from an index concentration sampled in the flow. This powerful tool for optimizing the concentration sampling would allow for detailed uncertainty analysis on the sediment fluxes. It could be coupled with remote sensing and hydrological modeling to serve as a step toward the development of an integrated approach for assessing sediment fluxes in poorly monitored basins.
Nicholas Voichick, David J. Topping, and Ronald E. Griffiths
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1767–1773, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1767-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes instances in the Grand Canyon study area and a laboratory experiment in which very high suspended-sediment concentrations result in incorrectly low turbidity recorded with a commonly used field instrument. If associated with the monitoring of a construction or dredging project, false low turbidity could result in regulators being unaware of environmental damage caused by the actually much higher turbidity.
J. Apaéstegui, F. W. Cruz, A. Sifeddine, M. Vuille, J. C. Espinoza, J. L. Guyot, M. Khodri, N. Strikis, R. V. Santos, H. Cheng, L. Edwards, E. Carvalho, and W. Santini
Clim. Past, 10, 1967–1981, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1967-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1967-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we explore a speleothem δ18O record from Palestina cave, northwestern Peru, on the eastern side of the Andes cordillera, in the upper Amazon Basin. The δ18O record is interpreted as a proxy for South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) intensity and allows the reconstruction of its variability during the last 1600 years. Replicating regional climate signals from different sites and using different proxies is essential for a comprehensive understanding of past changes in SASM activity.
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Barchan swarm dynamics from a Two-Flank Agent-Based Model
A landslide runout model for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications
Tracking slow-moving landslides with PlanetScope data: new perspectives on the satellite's perspective
Topographic metrics for unveiling fault segmentation and tectono-geomorphic evolution with insights into the impact of inherited topography, Ulsan Fault Zone, South Korea
Acceleration of coastal-retreat rates for high-Arctic rock cliffs on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, over the past decade
The impact of bedrock meander cutoffs on 50 kyr scale incision rates, San Juan River, Utah
How water, temperature, and seismicity control the preconditioning of massive rock slope failure (Hochvogel)
Large structure simulation for landscape evolution models
Terrace formation linked to outburst floods at the Diexi palaeo-landslide dam, upper Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: a target dataset for dynamic topography models
Decadal-scale decay of landslide-derived fluvial suspended sediment after Typhoon Morakot
Role of the forcing sources in morphodynamic modelling of an embayed beach
A machine learning approach to the geomorphometric detection of ribbed moraines in Norway
Overdeepening or tunnel valley of the Aare glacier on the northern margin of the European Alps: Basins, riegels, and slot canyons
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Geometric constraints on tributary fluvial network junction angles
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
Post-fire Variability in Sediment Transport by Ravel in the Diablo Range
Landscape response to tectonic deformation and cyclic climate change since ca. 800 ka in the southern Central Andes
Examination of Analytical Shear Stress Predictions for Coastal Dune Evolution
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Validating floc settling velocity models in rivers and freshwater wetlands
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics: the case of Shap granite, UK
A simple model for faceted topographies at normal faults based on an extended stream-power law
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Path length and sediment transport estimation from DEMs of difference: a signal processing approach
A numerical model for duricrust formation by water table fluctuations
Influence of cohesive clay on wave–current ripple dynamics captured in a 3D phase diagram
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 1: Erosion dynamics
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 2: Suspended sediment dynamics
Geomorphological and hydrological controls on sediment export in earthquake-affected catchments in the Nepal Himalaya
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 2: Probabilistic analysis
Field monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows at Ohya landslide scar, Japan
Analysis of autogenic bifurcation processes resulting in river avulsion
Evidence of slow millennial cliff retreat rates using cosmogenic nuclides in coastal colluvium
Bedload transport fluctuations, flow conditions, and disequilibrium ratio at the Swiss Erlenbach stream: results from 27 years of high-resolution temporal measurements
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 1: convolutional-neural-network-based semantic segmentation for water detection
Coexistence of two dune scales in a lowland river
Alpine hillslope failure in the western US: insights from the Chaos Canyon landslide, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Using repeat UAV-based laser scanning and multispectral imagery to explore eco-geomorphic feedbacks along a river corridor
Numerical modelling of the evolution of a river reach with a complex morphology to help define future sustainable restoration decisions
Dominic T. Robson and Andreas C. W. Baas
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1205–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Barchans are fast-moving sand dunes which form large populations (swarms) on Earth and Mars. We show that a small range of model parameters produces swarms in which dune size does not vary downwind – something that is observed in nature but not when using earlier models. We also show how the shape of dunes and the spatial patterns they form are affected by wind direction. This work furthers our understanding of the interplay between environmental drivers, dune interactions, and swarm properties.
Jeffrey Keck, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Benjamin Campforts, Gregory Tucker, and Alexander Horner-Devine
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1165–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MassWastingRunout (MWR) is a new landslide runout model designed for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications. MWR is written in Python and includes a calibration utility that automatically determines best-fit parameters for a site and empirical probability density functions of each parameter for probabilistic model implementation. MWR and Jupyter Notebook tutorials are available as part of the Landlab package at https://github.com/landlab/landlab.
Ariane Mueting and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1121–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the use of optical PlanetScope data for offset tracking of the Earth's surface movement. We found that co-registration accuracy is locally degraded when outdated elevation models are used for orthorectification. To mitigate this bias, we propose to only correlate scenes acquired from common perspectives or base orthorectification on more up-to-date elevation models generated from PlanetScope data alone. This enables a more detailed analysis of landslide dynamics.
Cho-Hee Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, John Weber, Sangmin Ha, Dong-Eun Kim, and Byung Yong Yu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1091–1120, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Topographic metrics were used to understand changes due to tectonic activity. We evaluated the relative tectonic activity along the Ulsan Fault Zone (UFZ), one of the most active fault zones in South Korea. We divided the UFZ into five segments, based on the spatial variation in activity. We modeled the landscape evolution of the study area and interpreted tectono-geomorphic history during which the northern part of the UFZ experienced asymmetric uplift, while the southern part did not.
Juditha Aga, Livia Piermattei, Luc Girod, Kristoffer Aalstad, Trond Eiken, Andreas Kääb, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1049–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal rock cliffs on Svalbard are considered to be fairly stable; however, long-term trends in coastal-retreat rates remain unknown. This study examines changes in the coastline position along Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, using aerial images from 1970, 1990, 2010, and 2021. Our analysis shows that coastal-retreat rates accelerate during the period 2010–2021, which coincides with increasing storminess and retreating sea ice.
Aaron T. Steelquist, Gustav B. Seixas, Mary L. Gillam, Sourav Saha, Seulgi Moon, and George E. Hilley
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1071–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rates at which rivers erode their bed can be used to interpret the geologic history of a region. However, these rates depend significantly on the time window over which you measure. We use multiple dating methods to determine an incision rate for the San Juan River and compare it to regional rates with longer timescales. We demonstrate how specific geologic events, such as cutoffs of bedrock meander bends, are likely to preserve material we can date but also bias the rates we measure.
Johannes Leinauer, Michael Dietze, Sibylle Knapp, Riccardo Scandroglio, Maximilian Jokel, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1027–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Massive rock slope failures are a significant alpine hazard and change the Earth's surface. Therefore, we must understand what controls the preparation of such events. By correlating 4 years of slope displacements with meteorological and seismic data, we found that water from rain and snowmelt is the most important driver. Our approach is applicable to similar sites and indicates where future climatic changes, e.g. in rain intensity and frequency, may alter the preparation of slope failure.
Julien Coatléven and Benoit Chauveau
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 995–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this paper is to explain how to incorporate classical water flow routines into landscape evolution models while keeping numerical errors under control. The key idea is to adapt filtering strategies to eliminate anomalous numerical errors and mesh dependencies, as confirmed by convergence tests with analytic solutions. The emergence of complex geomorphic structures is now driven exclusively by nonlinear heterogeneous physical processes rather than by random numerical artifacts.
Jingjuan Li, John D. Jansen, Xuanmei Fan, Zhiyong Ding, Shugang Kang, and Marco Lovati
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 953–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the geomorphology, sedimentology, and chronology of Tuanjie (seven terraces) and Taiping (three terraces) terraces in Diexi, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Results highlight that two damming and three outburst events occurred in the area during the late Pleistocene, and the outburst floods have been a major factor in the formation of tectonically active mountainous river terraces. Tectonic activity and climatic changes play a minor role.
Andrew Hollyday, Maureen E. Raymo, Jacqueline Austermann, Fred Richards, Mark Hoggard, and Alessio Rovere
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 883–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level was significantly higher during the Pliocene epoch, around 3 million years ago. The present-day elevations of shorelines that formed in the past provide a data constraint on the extent of ice sheet melt and the global sea level response under warm Pliocene conditions. In this study, we identify 10 escarpments that formed from wave-cut erosion during Pliocene times and compare their elevations with model predictions of solid Earth deformation processes to estimate past sea level.
Gregory A. Ruetenik, Ken L. Ferrier, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Nil Carrion-Bertran, Albert Falqués, Francesca Ribas, Daniel Calvete, Rinse de Swart, Ruth Durán, Candela Marco-Peretó, Marta Marcos, Angel Amores, Tim Toomey, Àngels Fernández-Mora, and Jorge Guillén
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity to the wave and sea-level forcing sources in predicting a 6-month embayed beach evolution is assessed using two different morphodynamic models. After a successful model calibration using in situ data, other sources are applied. The wave source choice is critical: hindcast data provide wrong results due to an angle bias, whilst the correct dynamics are recovered with the wave conditions from an offshore buoy. The use of different sea-level sources gives no significant differences.
Thomas J. Barnes, Thomas V. Schuler, Simon Filhol, and Karianne S. Lilleøren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 801–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use machine learning to automatically outline landforms based on their characteristics. We test several methods to identify the most accurate and then proceed to develop the most accurate to improve its accuracy further. We manage to outline landforms with 65 %–75 % accuracy, at a resolution of 10 m, thanks to high-quality/high-resolution elevation data. We find that it is possible to run this method at a country scale to quickly produce landform inventories for future studies.
Fritz Schlunegger, Edi Kissling, Dimitri Tibo Bandou, Guilhem Amin Douillet, David Mair, Urs Marti, Regina Reber, Patrick Fabian Schläfli, and Michael Alfred Schwenk
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-683, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-683, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Overdeepenings are bedrock depressions filled with sediment. We combine the results of a gravity survey with drilling data to explore the morphology of such a depression beneath the city of Bern. We find that the target overdeepening comprises two basins >200 m deep. They are separated by a bedrock riegel that itself is cut by narrow canyons up to 150 m deep. We postulate that these structures formed underneath a glacier, where erosion by subglacial meltwater caused the formation of the canyons.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 33 % of ice cliffs are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains unexplored in landscape evolution. Using digital evolution models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for how volcano basins develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 691–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a framework for generating risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This framework uses concepts from probability theory to learn the river migration model's parameter values from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that do not explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John R. Gardner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 581–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the profound impact of deforestation in the Amazon on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand the consequences of human activity for our planet's future.
Jacob Hardt, Tim P. Dooley, and Michael R. Hudec
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
Jon D. Pelletier, Robert G. Hayes, Olivia Hoch, Brendan Fenerty, and Luke A. McGuire
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1153, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1153, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
On the gently sloping landscapes next to mountain fronts, junction angles tend to be lower (more acute), while in bedrock landscapes where the initial landscape or tectonic forcing is likely more spatially variable, junction angles tend to be larger (more obtuse). We demonstrate this using an analysis of ~20 million junction angles for the U.S.A., augmented by analyses of the Loess Plateau, China, and synthetic landscapes.
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Hayden L. Jacobson, Danica L. Roth, Gabriel Walton, Margaret Zimmer, and Kerri Johnson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2694, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2694, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Loose grains travel farther after a fire because no vegetation is left to stop them. This matters since loose grains at the base of a slope can turn into a debris flow if it rains. To find if grass growing back after a fire had different impacts on grains of different sizes on slopes of different steepness, we dropped thousands of natural grains and measured how far they went. Large grains went farther 7 months after the fire than 11 months after, and small grain movement didn’t change much.
Elizabeth Orr, Taylor Schildgen, Stefanie Tofelde, Hella Wittmann, and Ricardo Alonso
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-784, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-784, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial terraces and alluvial fans in the Toro Basin, NW Argentina record river evolution and global climate cycles over time. Landform dating reveals lower-frequency climate cycles (100-kyr) preserved downstream and higher-frequency cycles (21/40-kyr) upstream, supporting theoretical predications that longer rivers filter out higher-frequency climate signals. This finding improves our understanding of the spatial distribution of sedimentary paleoclimate records within landscapes.
Orie Cecil, Nicholas Cohn, Matthew Farthing, Sourav Dutta, and Andrew Trautz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-855, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-855, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using computational fluid dynamics, we analyze the error trends of an analytical shear stress distribution model used to drive aeolian transport for coastal dunes which are an important line of defense against storm related flooding hazards. We find that compared to numerical simulations, the analytical model results in a net overprediction of the landward migration rate. Additionally, two data-driven approaches are proposed for reducing the error while maintaining computational efficiency.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Justin A. Nghiem, Gen K. Li, Joshua P. Harringmeyer, Gerard Salter, Cédric G. Fichot, Luca Cortese, and Michael P. Lamb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-524, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-524, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fine sediment grains in freshwater can cohere into faster settling particles called flocs, but floc settling velocity theory has not been fully validated. Data from the Wax Lake Delta verify a semi-empirical model relying on turbulence and geochemical factors. We showed that the representative grain diameter within flocs relies on floc structure and that floc internal flow follows a model in which flocs consist of permeable grain clusters, thus improving a physics-based settling velocity model.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Edge rounding in Shap granite glacial erratics is an irregular function of distance from the source outcrop in northern England, UK. Block shape is conservative, evolving according to block fracture mechanics – stochastic and silver ratio models – towards either of two attractor states. Progressive reduction in size occurs for blocks transported at the sole of the ice mass where the blocks are subject to compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting against a bedrock or till surface.
Stefan Hergarten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-336, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-336, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Faceted topographies are impressing footprints of active tectonics in geomorphology. This paper investigates the evolution of faceted topographies at normal faults and its interaction with the river network theoretically and numerically. As a main result beyond several relations for the the geometry of facets, the horizontal displacement associated to normal faults is crucial for the dissection of initially polygonal facets into triangular facets bounded by almost parallel rivers.
Gary Parker, Chenge An, Michael P. Lamb, Marcelo H. Garcia, Elizabeth H. Dingle, and Jeremy G. Venditti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River morphology has traditionally been divided by the size 2 mm. We use dimensionless arguments to show that particles in the 1–5 mm range (i) are the finest range not easily suspended by alluvial flood flows, (ii) are transported preferentially over coarser gravel, and (iii), within limits, are also transported preferentially over sand. We show how fluid viscosity mediates the special status of sediment in this range.
Lindsay Marie Capito, Enrico Pandrin, Walter Bertoldi, Nicola Surian, and Simone Bizzi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 321–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose that the pattern of erosion and deposition from repeat topographic surveys can be a proxy for path length in gravel-bed rivers. With laboratory and field data, we applied tools from signal processing to quantify this periodicity and used these path length estimates to calculate sediment transport using the morphological method. Our results highlight the potential to expand the use of the morphological method using only remotely sensed data as well as its limitations.
Caroline Fenske, Jean Braun, François Guillocheau, and Cécile Robin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-160, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-160, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new numerical model to represent the formation of ferricretes which are iron-rich, hard layers found in soils and at the surface of the Earth. We assume that the formation mechanism implies variations in the height of the water table and that the hardening rate is proportional to precipitation. The model allows us to quantify the potential feedbacks they generate on the surface topography and the thickness of the regolith/soil layer.
Xuxu Wu, Jonathan Malarkey, Roberto Fernández, Jaco H. Baas, Ellen Pollard, and Daniel R. Parsons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The seabed changes from flat to rippled in response to the frictional influence of waves and currents. This experimental study has shown that the speed of this change, the size of ripples that result and even whether ripples appear also depend on the amount of sticky mud present. This new classification on the basis of initial mud content should lead to improvements in models of seabed change in present environments by engineers and the interpretation of past environments by geologists.
Andrea D'Alpaos, Davide Tognin, Laura Tommasini, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment erosion induced by wind waves is one of the main drivers of the morphological evolution of shallow tidal environments. However, a reliable description of erosion events for the long-term morphodynamic modelling of tidal systems is still lacking. By statistically characterizing sediment erosion dynamics in the Venice Lagoon over the last 4 centuries, we set up a novel framework for a synthetic, yet reliable, description of erosion events in tidal systems.
Davide Tognin, Andrea D'Alpaos, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of sediment transport processes is necessary to understand the fate of shallow tidal environments. Here we present a framework for the description of suspended sediment dynamics to quantify deposition in the long-term modelling of shallow tidal systems. This characterization, together with that of erosion events, allows one to set up synthetic, yet reliable, models for the long-term evolution of tidal landscapes.
Emma L. S. Graf, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikaël Attal, Boris Gailleton, Basanta Raj Adhikari, and Bishnu Raj Baral
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 135–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite images, we show that, unlike other examples of earthquake-affected rivers, the rivers of central Nepal experienced little increase in sedimentation following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Instead, a catastrophic flood occurred in 2021 that buried towns and agricultural land under up to 10 m of sediment. We show that intense storms remobilised glacial sediment from high elevations causing much a greater impact than flushing of earthquake-induced landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listening to the acoustic noise generated by particle impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 105–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a detailed characterization of the frequency, intensity and duration of flooding events at a site along the Texas coast. Our analysis demonstrates the suitability of relatively simple wave run-up models to estimate the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. Our results validate and expand a probabilistic model of coastal flooding driven by wave run-up that can then be used in coastal risk management in response to sea level rise.
Shunsuke Oya, Fumitoshi Imaizumi, and Shoki Takayama
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 67–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows was performed at Ohya landslide scar, central Japan. The pore water pressure in some partly saturated flows greatly exceeded the hydrostatic pressure. The depth gradient of the pore water pressure in the lower part of the flow was generally higher than the upper part of the flow. We conclude that excess pore water pressure is present in many debris flow surges and is an important mechanism in debris flow behavior.
Gabriele Barile, Marco Redolfi, and Marco Tubino
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River bifurcations often show the closure of one branch (avulsion), whose causes are still poorly understood. Our model shows that when one branch stops transporting sediments, the other considerably erodes and captures much more flow, resulting in a self-sustaining process. This phenomenon intensifies when increasing the length of the branches, eventually leading to branch closure. This work may help to understand when avulsions occur and thus to design sustainable river restoration projects.
Rémi Bossis, Vincent Regard, Sébastien Carretier, and Sandrine Choy
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The erosion of rocky coasts occurs episodically through wave action and landslides, constituting a major natural hazard. Documenting the factors that control the coastal retreat rate over millennia is fundamental to evidencing any change in time. However, the known rates to date are essentially representative of the last few decades. Here, we present a new method using the concentration of an isotope, 10Be in sediment eroded from the cliff to quantify its retreat rate averaged over millennia.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal flooding can cause significant damage to coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities and is expected to increase in frequency with the acceleration of sea level rise. In order to respond to it, it is crucial to measure and model their frequency and intensity. Here, we show deep-learning techniques can be successfully used to automatically detect flooding events from complex coastal imagery, opening the way to real-time monitoring and data acquisition for model development.
Judith Y. Zomer, Bart Vermeulen, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1283–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary bedforms that are superimposed on large, primary dunes likely play a large role in fluvial systems. This study demonstrates that they can be omnipresent. Especially during peak flows, they grow large and can have steep slopes, likely affecting flood risk and sediment transport dynamics. Primary dune morphology determines whether they continuously or intermittently migrate. During discharge peaks, the secondary bedforms can become the dominant dune scale.
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Christopher Tomsett and Julian Leyland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1223–1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation influences how rivers change through time, yet the way in which we analyse vegetation is limited. Current methods collect detailed data at the individual plant level or determine dominant vegetation types across larger areas. Herein, we use UAVs to collect detailed vegetation datasets for a 1 km length of river and link vegetation properties to channel evolution occurring within the study site, providing a new method for investigating the influence of vegetation on river systems.
Rabab Yassine, Ludovic Cassan, Hélène Roux, Olivier Frysou, and François Pérès
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1199–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting river morphology evolution is very complicated, especially for mountain rivers with complex morphologies such as the Lac des Gaves reach in France. A 2D hydromorphological model was developed to reproduce the channel's evolution and provide reliable volumetric predictions while revealing the challenge of choosing adapted sediment transport and friction laws. Our model can provide decision-makers with reliable predictions to design suitable restoration measures for this reach.
Cited articles
Armijos, E., Crave, A., Espinoza, R., Fraizy, P., Santos, A. D., Sampaio, F., De Oliveira, E., Santini, W., Martinez, J., Autin, P., Pantoja, N., Oliveira, M., and Filizola, N.: Measuring and modeling vertical gradients in suspended sediments in the Solimões /Amazon River, Hydrol. Process., 31, 654–667, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11059, 2017. a
ASTM D3977: Standard test method for determining sediment concentration in water samples, ASTM International, https://doi.org/10.1520/D3977-97R19, 2007. a
Boldt, J. A.: From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool, in: 3rd Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling, Reno, Nevada, 19–23 April 2015, 1258–1260, https://water.usgs.gov/osw/SALT/documents/189_Boldt.pdf (last access: 22 October 2024), 2015. a
Bouchez, J., Métivier, F., Lupker, M., Maurice, L., Perez, M., Gaillardet, J., and France-Lanord, C.: Prediction of depth-integrated fluxes of suspended sediment in the Amazon River: Particle aggregation as a complicating factor, Hydrol. Process., 25, 778–794, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7868, 2011. a, b
Camenen, B.: Simple and general formula for the settling velocity of particles, J. Hydraul. Eng., 133, 229–233, 2007. a
Camenen, B. and Larson, M.: A unified sediment transport formulation for coastal inlet application, Tech. rep., US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, https://doi.org/10.21236/ada472064, 2007. a
Camenen, B., Holubova, K., Lukac, M., Le Coz, J., and Paquier, A.: Assessment of Methods Used in 1D Models for Computing Bed-Load Transport in a Large River: The Danube River in Slovakia, J. Hydraul. Eng., 137, 1190–1199, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000427, 2011. a
Camenen, B., Le Coz, J., Dramais, G., Peteuil, C., Fretaud, T., Falgon, A., Dussouillez, P., and Moore, S. A.: A simple physically-based model for predicting sand transport dynamics in the Lower Mekong River, River Flow, Proc. River Flow conference, 3–5 September 2014, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2189–2197, ISBN 9780429069246, 2014. a
Camenen, B., Dramais, G., Laible, J., Le Coz, J., Pierrefeu, G., and Lauters, F.: Quantification of continuous sand flux time-series downstream of a dam during a flushing event, Environ. Fluid Mech., https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-023-09955-9, 2023. a
Delile, H., Masson, M., Miège, C., Le Coz, J., Poulier, G., Le Bescond, C., Radakovitch, O., and Coquery, M.: Hydro-climatic drivers of land-based organic and inorganic particulate micropollutant fluxes: The regime of the largest river water inflow of the Mediterranean Sea, Water Res., 185, 116067, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116067, 2020. a
Despax, A., Le Coz, J., Hauet, A., Mueller, D. S., Engel, F. L., Blanquart, B., Renard, B., and Oberg, K. A.: Decomposition of Uncertainty Sources in Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Streamflow Measurements Using Repeated Measures Experiments, Water Resour. Res., 55, 7520–7540, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025296, 2019. a
Despax, A., Le Coz, J., Mueller, D. S., Hauet, A., Calmel, B., Pierrefeu, G., Naudet, G., Blanquart, B., and Pobanz, K.: Validation of an Uncertainty Propagation Method for Moving-Boat Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Discharge Measurements, Water Resour. Res., 59, e2021WR031878, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031878, 2023. a, b
Dominguez Ruben, L., Szupiany, R., Latosinski, F., C., L. W., Wood, M., and Boldt, J.: Acoustic Sediment Estimation Toolbox (ASET): A software package for calibrating and processing TRDI ADCP data to compute suspended-sediment transport in sandy rivers, Comput. Geosci.-UK., 140, 104499, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2020.104499, 2020. a, b, c
Edwards, T. K. and Glysson, G. D.: Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment, U.S. Geological Survey, https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-c2/pdf/TWRI_3-C2.pdf (last access: 22 October 2024), 1999. a
FISP: Laboratory investigation of suspended-sediment samplers, Tech. Rep. Report No. 5, Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project, https://water.usgs.gov/fisp/docs/Report_5.pdf (last access: 22 October 2024), 1941. a
FISP: The design of improved types of suspended sediment samplers, Tech. Rep. Report No. 6, Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project, https://water.usgs.gov/fisp/docs/Report_6.pdf (last access: 22 October 2024), 1952. a
Gitto, A. B., Venditti, J. G., Kostaschuk, R., and Church, M.: Representative point-integrated suspended sediment sampling in rivers, Water Resour. Res., 53, 2956–2971, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019187, 2017. a, b, c, d
Gordon, J. D.: US Geological Survey Quality-assurance Project for Sediment Analysis, Tech. rep., U.S. Geological Service, 2000. a
Gray, J. and Gartner, J.: Overview of selected surrogate technologies for high-temporal resolution suspended sediment monitoring, in: Proceedings of the 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 27 June–1 July, Citeseer, https://www.usgs.gov/publications/overview-selected-surrogate-technologies-high-temporal-resolution-suspended-sediment (last access: 2 June 2022), 2010. a
Gualtieri, C., Angeloudis, A., Bombardelli, F., Jha, S., and Stoesser, T.: On the values for the turbulent Schmidt number in environmental flows, Fluids, 2, 17, https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids2020017, 2017. a
Guy, H. P. and Norman, V. W.: Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment, United State Geological Survey, Book 3, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03C2, 1970. a, b, c, d
Hoffmann, T., Thorndycraft, V., Brown, A., Coulthard, T., Damnati, B., Kale, V., Middelkoop, H., Notebaert, B., and Walling, D.: Human impact on fluvial regimes and sediment flux during the Holocene: Review and future research agenda, Global Planet. Change, 72, 87–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.04.008, 2010. a
International Organization for Standardization: Measurement of liquid flow in open channels. Methods for measurement of characteristics of suspended sediment, ISO 4363, Geneva, Switzerland, https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:4363:ed-3:v1:en (last access: 24 October 2024), 2002. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q
International Organization for Standardization: Hydrometry. Measurement of liquid flow in open channels using current-meters or floats using point velocity measurements, ISO 748, Geneva, Switzerland, 46 pp., https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:748:ed-5:v1:en (last access: 22 October 2024), 2009. a
Kästner, K., Hoitink, A. J. F., Torfs, P. J. J. F., Vermeulen, B., Ningsih, N. S., and Pramulya, M.: Prerequisites for accurate monitoring of river discharge based on fixed‐location velocity measurements, Water Resour. Res., 54, 1058–1076, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020990, 2018.
Khodashenas, S. R. and Paquier, A.: A geometrical method for computing the distribution of boundary shear stress across irregular straight open channels, J. Hydraul. Res., 37, 381–388, 1999. a
Kondolf, G. M.: Hungry water: effects of dams and gravel mining on river channels, Environ. Manage., 21, 533–551, 1997. a
Kondolf, G. M., Gao, Y., Annandale, G. W., Morris, G. L., Jiang, E., Zhang, J., Cao, Y., Carling, P., Fu, K., Guo, Q., Hotchkiss, R., Peteuil, C., Sumi T., Wang, H.-W., Wang, Z., Wei, Z., Wu B., Wu, C., and Yang C. T.: Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents, Earths Future, 2, 256–280, 2014. a
Laible, J., Calmel, B., Le Coz, J., Camenen, B., Dramais, G., and Vassor, T.: Analysis solid gauging, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13973594, 2023a.
Laible, J., Dramais, G., Camenen, B., Le Coz, J., Topping, D. J., Santini, W., and Pierrefeu, G.: Data set of solid gaugings in several rivers, Recherche Data Gouv [data set], https://doi.org/10.57745/NLFT7Q, 2023b.
Lennermark, M. and Hauet, A.: Developing a post-processing software for ADCP discharge measurement piloted by an international and inter-agency group: a unique, ambitious experience… and one that works!, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23–27 May 2022, EGU22-9379, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-9379, 2022. a, b, c, d
Lupker, M., France-Lanord, C., Lavé, J., Bouchez, J., Galy, V., Métivier, F., Gaillardet, J., Lartiges, B., and Mugnier, J.: A Rouse-based method to integrate the chemical composition of river sediments: Application to the Ganga basin, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 116, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001947, 2011. a
Mansanarez, V., Renard, B., Le Coz, J., Lang, M., and Darienzo, M.: Shift Happens! Adjusting Stage-Discharge Rating Curves to Morphological Changes at Known Times, Water Resour. Res., 55, 2876–2899, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023389, 2019. a
Marggraf, J., Camenen, B., Le Coz, J., Dramais, G., Lauters, F., Pierrefeu, G.: Suspended sediment measurements in the Isère River at Grenoble Campus, Recherche Data Gouv [data set], https://doi.org/10.57745/YTCYSX, 2023.
Mueller, D. S.: QRev-Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic Doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1052, 50, Technical Manual for version 2.8, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161068, 2016. a
Némery, J., Mano, V., Coynel, A., Etcheber, H., Moatar, F., Meybeck, M., Belleudy, P., and Poirel, A.: Carbon and suspended sediment transport in an impounded alpine river (Isère, France), Hydrol. Process., 27, 2498–2508, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9387, 2013. a
Oberg, K. and Mueller, D. S.: Validation of streamflow measurements made with acoustic Doppler current profilers, J. Hydraul. Eng., 133, 1421–1432, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:12(1421, 2007. a, b
Parsons, D. R., Jackson, P., Czuba, J., Engel, F., Rhoads, B. L., Oberg, K., Best, J. L., Mueller, D., Johnson, K., and Riley, J.: Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT): a processing and visualization suite for moving-vessel ADCP measurements, Earth Surf. Processes, 38, 1244–1260, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3367, 2013. a, b, c
Perret, E., Camenen, B., Berni, C., El kadi Abderrezzak, K., and Renard, B.: Uncertainties in Models Predicting Critical Bed Shear Stress of Cohesionless Particles, J. Hydraul. Eng., 149, 04023002, https://doi.org/10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13101, 2023. a
Porterfield: Computation of fluvial-sediment discharge, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03C3, 1972. a
Poulier, G., Launay, M., Le Bescond, C., Thollet, F., Coquery, M., and Le Coz, J.: Combining flux monitoring and data reconstruction to establish annual budgets of suspended particulate matter, mercury and PCB in the Rhône River from Lake Geneva to the Mediterranean Sea, Sci. Total Environ., 658, 457–473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.075, 2019. a
Renard, B., Garreta, V., and Lang, M.: An application of Bayesian analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to the estimation of a regional trend in annual maxima, Water Resour Res. 42, W12422, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004591, 2006. a
Rozovskii, I. L.: Flow of water in bends of open channels, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR: Kiev, translated from Russian by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1961, 1957. a
Sabol, T. A. and Topping, D. J.: Evaluation of intake efficiencies and associated sediment-concentration errors in US D-77 bag-type and US D-96-type depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers, U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5208, 88 pp., 5208, 88, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125208, 2013. a
Santini, W., Camenen, B., Le Coz, J., Vauchel, P., Guyot, J.-L., Lavado, W., Carranza, J., Paredes, M. A., Pérez Arévalo, J. J., Arévalo, N., Espinoza Villar, R., Julien, F., and Martinez, J.-M.: An index concentration method for suspended load monitoring in large rivers of the Amazonian foreland, Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-515-2019, 2019. a
Shah-Fairbank, S. C. and Julien, P. Y.: Sediment load calculations from point measurements in sand-bed rivers, Int. J. Sediment Res., 30, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(15)60001-4, 2015. a
Smart, G.: A base for the log law and von Karman’s constant problem, J. Hydraul. Res., 60, 935–943, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2022.2076164, 2022. a
Soulsby, R. and Whitehouse, R.: Threshold of sediment motion in coastal environments, in: Pacific Coasts and Ports' 97: Proceedings of the 13th Australasian Coastal and Ocean Engineering Conference and the 6th Australasian Port and Harbour Conference, Christchurch, New Zealand, 7–11 September 1997, Vol. 1, Centre for Advanced Engineering, University of Canterbury, 145–150, https://search.informit.org/doi/epdf/10.3316/informit.929741720399033 (last access: 22 October 2024), 1997. a
Starosolsky, O. and Rakoczi, L.: Operational hydrology report (OHR), 16. Measurement of river sediments: prepared by the Rapporteur on Sediment Transport of the Commission for Hydrology, World Meteorological Organisation, https://library.wmo.int/viewer/33602/#page=1&viewer=picture&o=bookmarks&n=0&q= (last access: 22 October 2024), 1981. a
Szupiany, R. N., Lopez Weibel, C., Guerrero, M., Latosinski, F., Wood, M., Dominguez Ruben, L., and Oberg, K.: Estimating sand concentrations using ADCP-based acoustic inversion in a large fluvial system characterized by bi-modal suspended-sediment distributions, Earth Surf. Processes, 44, 1295–1308, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4572, 2019. a, b
Topping, D. J. and Wright, S. A.: Long-term continuous acoustical suspended-sediment measurements in rivers – Theory, application, bias, and error, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1823, 98 pp., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1823, 2016. a
Topping, D. J., Rubin, D. M., Wright, S. A., and Melis, T. S.: Field evaluation of the error arising from inadequate time averaging in the standard use of depth-integrating suspended-sediment samplers, US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1774, 95 pp., https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1774/pp1774.pdf (last access: 18 February 2024), 2011. a, b, c, d, e
Topping, D. J., Grams, P. E., Griffiths, R. E., Dean, D. J., Wright, A. S., and Unema, J. A.: Self-limitation of sand storage in a bedrock-canyon river arising from the interaction of flow and grain size, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 126, e2020JF005565, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005565, 2021. a
U.S. Geological Survey: USGS water data for the Nation:, U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database [data set], https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN, 2023. a
Van Rijn, L. C.: Sediment transport, part II: suspended load transport, J. Hydraul. Eng., 110, 1613–1641, 1984. a
Van Rossum, G. and Drake, F. L.: Python 3 reference manual, CreateSpace, Scotts Valley, CA, 242 pp., ISBN 978-1-4414-1269-0, 2009. a
Vauchel, P., Santini, W., Guyot, J. L., Moquet, J. S., Martinez, J. M., Espinoza, J. C., Baby, P., Fuertes, O., Noriega, L., Puita, O., et al.: A reassessment of the suspended sediment load in the Madeira River basin from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia to the Amazon River in Brazil, based on 10 years of data from the HYBAM monitoring programme, J. Hydrol., 553, 35–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.07.018, 2017. a
Venditti, J., Church, M., Attard, M., and Haught, D.: Use of ADCPs for suspended sediment transport monitoring: An empirical approach, Water Resour. Res., 52, 2715–2736, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017348, 2016. a, b
Vergne, A., Le Coz, J., Berni, C., and Pierrefeu, G.: Using a Down-Looking Multifrequency ABS for Measuring Suspended Sediments in Rivers, Water Resour. Res., 56, e2019WR024877, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024877, 2020. a
Vergne, A., Le Coz, J., and Berni, C.: Some Backscatter Modeling Issues Complicating the Sonar-Based Monitoring of Suspended Sediments in Rivers, Water Resour. Res., 59, e2022WR032341, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR032341, 2023. a, b
Wren, D., Barkdoll, B., Kuhnle, R., and Derrow, R.: Field techniques for suspended-sediment measurement, J. Hydraul. Eng., 126, 97–104, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2000)126:2(97), 2000. a, b
Short summary
Suspended-sand fluxes in rivers vary with time and space, complicating their measurement. The proposed method captures the vertical and lateral variations of suspended-sand concentration throughout a river cross-section. It merges water samples taken at various positions throughout the cross-section with high-resolution acoustic velocity measurements. This is the first method that includes a fully applicable uncertainty estimation; it can easily be applied to any other study sites.
Suspended-sand fluxes in rivers vary with time and space, complicating their measurement. The...
