Articles | Volume 5, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-199-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-199-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Mar 2017
Research article |
| 28 Mar 2017
A new CT scan methodology to characterize a small aggregation gravel clast contained in a soft sediment matrix
Laurent Fouinat
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
EDYTEM, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS 73376 Le Bourget du Lac
CEDEX, France
Pierre Sabatier
EDYTEM, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS 73376 Le Bourget du Lac
CEDEX, France
Jérôme Poulenard
EDYTEM, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS 73376 Le Bourget du Lac
CEDEX, France
Jean-Louis Reyss
LSCE, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin CEA-CNRS, Avenue de
la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
Xavier Montet
University of Geneva Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics
Genève, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, C1211, Geneva, Switzerland
Fabien Arnaud
EDYTEM, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS 73376 Le Bourget du Lac
CEDEX, France
Related authors
Laurent Fouinat, Pierre Sabatier, Fernand David, Xavier Montet, Philippe Schoeneich, Eric Chaumillon, Jérôme Poulenard, and Fabien Arnaud
Clim. Past, 14, 1299–1313, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1299-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1299-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the context of a warming climate, mountain environments are especially vulnerable to a change in the risk pattern. Our study focuses on the past evolution of wet avalanches, likely triggered by warmer temperatures destabilizing the snow cover. In the last 3300 years we observed an increase of wet avalanche occurrence related to human activities, intensifying pressure on forest cover, as well as favorable climate conditions such as warmer temperatures coinciding with retreating glacier phases.
Gerald Dicen, Floriane Guillevic, Surya Gupta, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Katrin Meusburger, Pierre Sabatier, Olivier Evrard, and Christine Alewell
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-509, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-509, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Fallout radionuclides such as 137Cs and 239+240Pu are considered as critical tools in various environmental research. Here, we compiled reference soil data on these fallout radionuclides from the literature to build a comprehensive database. Using this database, we determined the distribution and sources of 137Cs and 239+240Pu. We also demonstrated how the database can be used to identify the environmental factors that influence their distribution using a machine-learning algorithm.
Carlo Mologni, Marie Revel, Eric Chaumillon, Emmanuel Malet, Thibault Coulombier, Pierre Sabatier, Pierre Brigode, Gwenael Hervé, Anne-Lise Develle, Laure Schenini, Medhi Messous, Gourguen Davtian, Alain Carré, Delphine Bosch, Natacha Volto, Clément Ménard, Lamya Khalidi, and Fabien Arnaud
Clim. Past, 20, 1837–1860, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The reactivity of local to regional hydrosystems to global changes remains understated in East African climate models. By reconstructing a chronicle of seasonal floods and droughts from a lacustrine sedimentary core, this paper highlights the impact of El Niño anomalies in the Awash River valley (Ethiopia). Studying regional hydrosystem feedbacks to global atmospheric anomalies is essential for better comprehending and mitigating the effects of global warming in extreme environments.
Mathilde Banjan, Christian Crouzet, Hervé Jomard, Pierre Sabatier, David Marsan, and Erwan Messager
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-83, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-83, 2024
Preprint under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This research shows how lake sediments reveal seismic activity history over extended periods, surpassing historical records. Sediment analysis from Lake Aiguebelette in the Western Alps found 32 layers likely caused by earthquakes over the Holocene. Robust dating methods correlated these layers with known historical earthquakes. Results suggest Lake Aiguebelette's sediment records mainly reflect local seismic events, enhancing understanding of earthquake recurrence and regional seismic history.
Maude Biguenet, Eric Chaumillon, Pierre Sabatier, Antoine Bastien, Emeline Geba, Fabien Arnaud, Thibault Coulombier, and Nathalie Feuillet
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3761–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3761-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3761-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This work documents the impact of Hurricane Irma (2017) on the Codrington barrier and lagoon on Barbuda Island. Irma caused two wide breaches in the sandy barrier, which remained unopened for 250 years. The thick and extensive sand sheet at the top of the lagoon fill was attributed to Irma. This unique deposit in a 3700-year record confirms Irma's exceptional character. This case study illustrates the consequences of high-intensity hurricanes in low-lying islands in a global warming context.
Hege Kilhavn, Isabelle Couchoud, Russell N. Drysdale, Carlos Rossi, John Hellstrom, Fabien Arnaud, and Henri Wong
Clim. Past, 18, 2321–2344, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The analysis of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios, trace element ratios, and growth rate from a Spanish speleothem provides quantitative information on past hydrological conditions during the early Holocene in south-western Europe. Our data show that the cave site experienced increased effective recharge during the 8.2 ka event. Additionally, the oxygen isotopes indicate a change in the isotopic composition of the moisture source, associated with the meltwater flux to the North Atlantic.
Anthony Foucher, Pierre-Alexis Chaboche, Pierre Sabatier, and Olivier Evrard
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4951–4966, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4951-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4951-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment archives provide a powerful and unique tool for reconstructing the trajectory and the resilience of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems facing major environmental changes. Establishing an age depth–model is the first prerequisite of any paleo-investigation. This study synthesizes the distribution of two radionuclides classically used to this aim, providing a worldwide reference to help the scientific community reach a consensus for dating recent sedimentary archives.
Pierre Véquaud, Sylvie Derenne, Alexandre Thibault, Christelle Anquetil, Giuliano Bonanomi, Sylvie Collin, Sergio Contreras, Andrew T. Nottingham, Pierre Sabatier, Norma Salinas, Wesley P. Scott, Josef P. Werne, and Arnaud Huguet
Biogeosciences, 18, 3937–3959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3937-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3937-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A better understanding of past climate variations is essential to apprehend future climatic changes. The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of specific organic compounds of bacterial origin, 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs), as temperature and pH proxies at the global level using an extended soil dataset. We show the major potential of 3-OH FAs as such proxies in terrestrial environments through the different models presented and their application for palaeoreconstruction.
Pierre Sabatier, Marie Nicolle, Christine Piot, Christophe Colin, Maxime Debret, Didier Swingedouw, Yves Perrette, Marie-Charlotte Bellingery, Benjamin Chazeau, Anne-Lise Develle, Maxime Leblanc, Charlotte Skonieczny, Yoann Copard, Jean-Louis Reyss, Emmanuel Malet, Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot, Maëlle Kelner, Jérôme Poulenard, Julien Didier, Fabien Arnaud, and Boris Vannière
Clim. Past, 16, 283–298, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-283-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-283-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution multiproxy analysis of sediment core from a high-elevation lake on Corsica allows us to reconstruct past African dust inputs to the western Mediterranean area over the last 3 millennia. Millennial variations of Saharan dust input have been correlated with the long-term southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, while short-term variations were associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and total solar irradiance after and before 1070 cal BP, respectively.
Laurent Fouinat, Pierre Sabatier, Fernand David, Xavier Montet, Philippe Schoeneich, Eric Chaumillon, Jérôme Poulenard, and Fabien Arnaud
Clim. Past, 14, 1299–1313, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1299-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1299-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the context of a warming climate, mountain environments are especially vulnerable to a change in the risk pattern. Our study focuses on the past evolution of wet avalanches, likely triggered by warmer temperatures destabilizing the snow cover. In the last 3300 years we observed an increase of wet avalanche occurrence related to human activities, intensifying pressure on forest cover, as well as favorable climate conditions such as warmer temperatures coinciding with retreating glacier phases.
I. Domaizon, O. Savichtcheva, D. Debroas, F. Arnaud, C. Villar, C. Pignol, B. Alric, and M. E. Perga
Biogeosciences, 10, 3817–3838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3817-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3817-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Cross-cutting themes: Quantitative and statistical methods in Earth surface dynamics
Introducing standardized field methods for fracture-focused surface process research
Full four-dimensional change analysis of topographic point cloud time series using Kalman filtering
Comparison of rainfall generators with regionalisation for the estimation of rainfall erosivity at ungauged sites
Inverse modeling of turbidity currents using an artificial neural network approach: verification for field application
Automated quantification of floating wood pieces in rivers from video monitoring: a new software tool and validation
Particle size dynamics in abrading pebble populations
Computing water flow through complex landscapes – Part 3: Fill–Spill–Merge: flow routing in depression hierarchies
A photogrammetry-based approach for soil bulk density measurements with an emphasis on applications to cosmogenic nuclide analysis
Dominant process zones in a mixed fluvial–tidal delta are morphologically distinct
Identifying sediment transport mechanisms from grain size–shape distributions, applied to aeolian sediments
Determining the optimal grid resolution for topographic analysis on an airborne lidar dataset
Systematic identification of external influences in multi-year microseismic recordings using convolutional neural networks
Earth's surface mass transport derived from GRACE, evaluated by GPS, ICESat, hydrological modeling and altimetry satellite orbits
The R package “eseis” – a software toolbox for environmental seismology
Bayesian inversion of a CRN depth profile to infer Quaternary erosion of the northwestern Campine Plateau (NE Belgium)
Creative computing with Landlab: an open-source toolkit for building, coupling, and exploring two-dimensional numerical models of Earth-surface dynamics
An introduction to learning algorithms and potential applications in geomorphometry and Earth surface dynamics
Sensitivity analysis and implications for surface processes from a hydrological modelling approach in the Gunt catchment, high Pamir Mountains
Constraining the stream power law: a novel approach combining a landscape evolution model and an inversion method
Martha Cary Eppes, Alex Rinehart, Jennifer Aldred, Samantha Berberich, Maxwell P. Dahlquist, Sarah G. Evans, Russell Keanini, Stephen E. Laubach, Faye Moser, Mehdi Morovati, Steven Porson, Monica Rasmussen, and Uri Shaanan
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 35–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-35-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-35-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
All rocks have fractures (cracks) that can influence virtually every process acting on Earth's surface where humans live. Yet, scientists have not standardized their methods for collecting fracture data. Here we draw on past work across geo-disciplines and propose a list of baseline data for fracture-focused surface process research. We detail the rationale and methods for collecting them. We hope their wide adoption will improve future methods and knowledge of rock fracture overall.
Lukas Winiwarter, Katharina Anders, Daniel Czerwonka-Schröder, and Bernhard Höfle
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 593–613, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-593-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-593-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present a method to extract surface change information from 4D time series of topographic point clouds recorded with a terrestrial laser scanner. The method uses sensor information to spatially and temporally smooth the data, reducing uncertainties. The Kalman filter used for the temporal smoothing also allows us to interpolate over data gaps or extrapolate into the future. Clustering areas where change histories are similar allows us to identify processes that may have the same causes.
Ross Pidoto, Nejc Bezak, Hannes Müller-Thomy, Bora Shehu, Ana Claudia Callau-Beyer, Katarina Zabret, and Uwe Haberlandt
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 851–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-851-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-851-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Erosion is a threat for soils with rainfall as the driving force. The annual rainfall erosivity factor quantifies rainfall impact by analysing high-resolution rainfall time series (~ 5 min). Due to a lack of measuring stations, alternatives for its estimation are analysed in this study. The best results are obtained for regionalisation of the erosivity factor itself. However, the identified minimum of 60-year time series length suggests using rainfall generators as in this study as well.
Hajime Naruse and Kento Nakao
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1091–1109, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1091-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1091-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method to reconstruct the hydraulic conditions of turbidity currents from turbidites. We investigated the validity and problems of this method in application to actual field datasets using artificial data. Once this method is established, it is expected that the method will elucidate the generation process of turbidity currents and will help to predict the geometry of resultant turbidites in deep-sea environments.
Hossein Ghaffarian, Pierre Lemaire, Zhang Zhi, Laure Tougne, Bruce MacVicar, and Hervé Piégay
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 519–537, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-519-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-519-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Quantifying wood fluxes in rivers would improve our understanding of the key processes in river ecology and morphology. In this work, we introduce new software for the automatic detection of wood pieces in rivers. The results show 93.5 % and 86.5 % accuracy for piece number and volume, respectively.
András A. Sipos, Gábor Domokos, and János Török
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 235–251, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-235-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Abrasion of sedimentary particles is widely associated with mutual collisions. Utilizing results of individual, geometric abrasion theory and techniques adopted in statistical physics, a new model for predicting the collective mass evolution of large numbers of particles is introduced. Our model uncovers a startling fundamental feature of collective particle dynamics: collisional abrasion may either focus size distributions or it may act in the opposite direction by dispersing the distribution.
Richard Barnes, Kerry L. Callaghan, and Andrew D. Wickert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 105–121, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-105-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-105-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Existing ways of modeling the flow of water amongst landscape depressions such as swamps and lakes take a long time to run. However, as our previous work explains, depressions can be quickly organized into a data structure – the depression hierarchy. This paper explains how the depression hierarchy can be used to quickly simulate the realistic filling of depressions including how they spill over into each other and, if they become full enough, how they merge into one another.
Joel Mohren, Steven A. Binnie, Gregor M. Rink, Katharina Knödgen, Carlos Miranda, Nora Tilly, and Tibor J. Dunai
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 995–1020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-995-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-995-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we comprehensively test a method to derive soil densities under fieldwork conditions. The method is mainly based on images taken from consumer-grade cameras. The obtained soil/sediment densities reflect
truevalues by generally > 95 %, even if a smartphone is used for imaging. All computing steps can be conducted using freeware programs. Soil density is an important variable in the analysis of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides, for example to infer long-term soil production rates.
Mariela Perignon, Jordan Adams, Irina Overeem, and Paola Passalacqua
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 809–824, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-809-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-809-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a machine learning approach for the classification and analysis of large delta systems. The approach uses remotely sensed data, channel network extraction, and the analysis of 10 metrics to identify clusters of islands with similar characteristics. The 12 clusters are grouped in six main classes related to morphological processes acting on the system. The approach allows us to identify spatial patterns in large river deltas to inform modeling and the collection of field observations.
Johannes Albert van Hateren, Unze van Buuren, Sebastiaan Martinus Arens, Ronald Theodorus van Balen, and Maarten Arnoud Prins
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 527–553, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we introduce a new technique that can be used to identify how sediments were transported to their place of deposition (transport mode). The traditional method is based on the size of sediment grains, ours on the size and the shape. A test of the method on windblown sediments indicates that it can be used to identify the transport mode with less ambiguity, and therefore it improves our ability to extract information, such as climate from the past, from sediment deposits.
Taylor Smith, Aljoscha Rheinwalt, and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 475–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-475-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-475-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Representing the surface of the Earth on an equally spaced grid leads to errors and uncertainties in derived slope and aspect. Using synthetic data, we develop a quality metric that can be used to compare the uncertainties in different datasets. We then apply this method to a real-world lidar dataset, and find that 1 m data have larger error bounds than lower-resolution data. The highest data resolution is not always the best choice – it is important to consider the quality of the data.
Matthias Meyer, Samuel Weber, Jan Beutel, and Lothar Thiele
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 171–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-171-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-171-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring rock slopes for a long time helps to understand the impact of climate change on the alpine environment. Measurements of seismic signals are often affected by external influences, e.g., unwanted anthropogenic noise. In the presented work, these influences are automatically identified and removed to enable proper geoscientific analysis. The methods presented are based on machine learning and intentionally kept generic so that they can be equally applied in other (more generic) settings.
Christian Gruber, Sergei Rudenko, Andreas Groh, Dimitrios Ampatzidis, and Elisa Fagiolini
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 1203–1218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1203-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1203-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
By using a set of evaluation methods involving GPS, ICESat, hydrological modelling and altimetry satellite orbits, we show that the novel radial basis function (RBF) processing technique can be used for processing the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data yielding global gravity field models which fit independent reference values at the same level as commonly accepted global geopotential models based on spherical harmonics.
Michael Dietze
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 669–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-669-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-669-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental seismology is the study of the seismic signals emitted by Earth surface processes. This emerging research field is at the intersection of many Earth science disciplines. The overarching scope requires free integrative software that is accepted across scientific disciplines, such as R. The article introduces the R package "eseis" and illustrates its conceptual structure, available functions, and worked examples.
Eric Laloy, Koen Beerten, Veerle Vanacker, Marcus Christl, Bart Rogiers, and Laurent Wouters
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 331–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-331-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-331-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Over very long timescales, 100 000 years or more, landscapes may drastically change. Sediments preserved in these landscapes have a cosmogenic radionuclide inventory that tell us when and how fast such changes took place. In this paper, we provide first evidence of an elevated long-term erosion rate of the northwestern Campine Plateau (lowland Europe), which can be explained by the loose nature of the subsoil.
Daniel E. J. Hobley, Jordan M. Adams, Sai Siddhartha Nudurupati, Eric W. H. Hutton, Nicole M. Gasparini, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, and Gregory E. Tucker
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 21–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-21-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-21-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Many geoscientists use computer models to understand changes in the Earth's system. However, typically each scientist will build their own model from scratch. This paper describes Landlab, a new piece of open-source software designed to simplify creation and use of models of the Earth's surface. It provides off-the-shelf tools to work with models more efficiently, with less duplication of effort. The paper explains and justifies how Landlab works, and describes some models built with it.
Andrew Valentine and Lara Kalnins
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 445–460, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-445-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-445-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Learning algorithms are powerful tools for understanding and working with large data sets, particularly in situations where any underlying physical models may be complex and poorly understood. Such situations are common in geomorphology. We provide an accessible overview of the various approaches that fall under the umbrella of "learning algorithms", discuss some potential applications within geomorphometry and/or geomorphology, and offer advice on practical considerations.
E. Pohl, M. Knoche, R. Gloaguen, C. Andermann, and P. Krause
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 333–362, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-333-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-333-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A semi-distributed hydrological model is used to analyse the hydrological cycle of a glaciated high-mountain catchment in the Pamirs.
We overcome data scarcity by utilising various raster data sets as meteorological input. Temperature in combination with the amount of snow provided in winter play the key role in the annual cycle.
This implies that expected Earth surface processes along precipitation and altitude gradients differ substantially.
T. Croissant and J. Braun
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 155–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-155-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-155-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Allix, A.: Les avalanches de l'hiver 1922-1923 en Dauphiné, Rev. Géographie Alp. 11, 513–527, https://doi.org/10.3406/rga.1923.5519, 1923.
Ancey, C. and Bain, V.: Dynamics of glide avalanches and snow gliding: Glide avlanches and snow gliding, Rev. Geophys., 53, 745–784, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RG000491, 2015.
Appleby, P. G., Richardson, N., and Nolan, P. J.: 241Am dating of lake sediments, in: Environmental History and Palaeolimnology, edited by: Smith, J. P., Appleby, P. G., Battarbee, R. W., Dearing, J. A., Flower, R., Haworth, E. Y., Oldfield, F., and O'Sullivan, P. E., Developments in Hydrobiology. Springer Netherlands, 35–42, 1991.
Arnaud, F., Lignier, V., Revel, M., Desmet, M., Beck, C., Pourchet, M., Charlet, F., Trentesaux, A., and Tribovillard, N.: Flood and earthquake disturbance of 210Pb geochronology (Lake Anterne, NW Alps), Terra Nova, 14, 225–232, 2002.
Arnaud, F., Poulenard, J., Giguet-Covex, C., Wilhelm, B., Révillon, S., Jenny, J.-P., Revel, M., Enters, D., Bajard, M., Fouinat, L., Doyen, E., Simonneau, A., Pignol, C., Chapron, E., Vannière, B., and Sabatier, P.: Erosion under climate and human pressures: An alpine lake sediment perspective, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 152, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.09.018, 2016.
Baker, S. R. and Friedman, G. M.: A non-destructive core analysis technique using X-rays, J. Sediment. Res., 39, 1371–1383, https://doi.org/10.1306/74D71E2E-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1969.
Bendle, J. M., Palmer, A. P., and Carr, S. J.: A comparison of micro-CT and thin section analysis of Lateglacial glaciolacustrine varves from Glen Roy, Scotland, Quaternary Sci. Rev. 114, 61–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.02.008, 2015.
Blikra, L. H. and Nemec, W.: Postglacial colluvium in western Norway: depositional processes, facies and palaeoclimatic record, Sedimentology, 45, 909–959, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1998.00200.x, 1998.
Bolte, S. and Cordelieres, F. P.: A guided tour into subcellular colocalization analysis in light microscopy, J. Microsc., 224, 213–232, 2006.
Bouma, A. H.: Notes on X-ray interpretation of marine sediments, Mar. Geol., 2, 278–309, 1964.
Butler, D. R. and Malanson, G. P.: A history of high-magnitude snow avalanches, southern Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, Mt. Res. Dev., 175–182, 1985.
Cnudde, V. and Boone, M. N.: High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A review of the current technology and applications, Earth-Sci. Rev., 123, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.003, 2013.
Corona, C., Georges, R., Jérôme, L. S., Markus, S., and Pascal, P.: Spatio-temporal reconstruction of snow avalanche activity using tree rings: Pierres Jean Jeanne avalanche talus, Massif de l'Oisans, France, Catena, 83, 107–118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.004, 2010.
Corona, C., Saez, J. L., Stoffel, M., Bonnefoy, M., Richard, D., Astrade, L., and Berger, F.: How much of the real avalanche activity can be captured with tree rings? An evaluation of classic dendrogeomorphic approaches and comparison with historical archives, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 74, 31–42, 2012.
Dasgupta, P.: Sediment gravity flow – the conceptual problems, Earth-Sci. Rev., 62, 265–281, 2003.
Delunel, R., Hantz, D., Braucher, R., Bourlès, D.L., Schoeneich, P., and Deparis, J.: Surface exposure dating and geophysical prospecting of the Holocene Lauvitel rock slide (French Alps), Landslides, 7, 393–400, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0221-0, 2010.
Eckert, N., Keylock, C. J., Castebrunet, H., Lavigne, A., and Naaim, M.: Temporal trends in avalanche activity in the French Alps and subregions: from occurrences and runout altitudes to unsteady return periods, J. Glaciol., 59, 93–114, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG12J091, 2013.
Fouinat, L., Sabatier, P., Poulenard, J., Reyss, J.-L., Montet, X., and Arnaud, F.: A new CT scan methodology to characterize a small aggregation gravel clast contained in a soft sediment matrix, Dataset # 873895, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873896, 2017.
Giguet-Covex, C., Arnaud, F., Enters, D., Poulenard, J., Millet, L., Francus, P., David, F., Rey, P.-J., Wilhelm, B., and Delannoy, J.-J.: Frequency and intensity of high-altitude floods over the last 3.5 ka in northwestern French Alps (Lake Anterne), Quaternary Res., 77, 12–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.11.003, 2012.
Gilli, A., Anselmetti, F. S., Glur, L., and Wirth, S. B.: Lake sediments as archives of recurrence rates and intensities of past flood events, in: Dating Torrential Processes on Fans and Cones, Springer, 225–242, 2013.
Glur, L., Wirth, S. B., Büntgen, U., Gilli, A., Haug, G.H., Schär, C., Beer, J., and Anselmetti, F. S.: Frequent floods in the European Alps coincide with cooler periods of the past 2500 years, Sci. Rep., 3, 2770, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02770, 2013.
Goldberg, E. D.: Geochronology with 210Pb, Radioact. Dating, 121–131, 1963.
Howard, J. D.: X-ray radiography for examination of burrowing in sediments by marine invertebrate organisms, Sedimentology, 11, 249–258, 1968.
Irmler, R., Daut, G., and Mäusbacher, R.: A debris flow calendar derived from sediments of lake Lago di Braies (N. Italy), Geomorphology, 77, 69–78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.013, 2006.
Jail, M.: Note sur l'hiver remarquable 1969–1970 dans les Alpes françaises, Rev. Géographie Alp., 58, 505–513, https://doi.org/10.3406/rga.1970.3495, 1970.
Jenny, J.-P., Wilhelm, B., Arnaud, F., Sabatier, P., Giguet Covex, C., Mélo, A., Fanget, B., Malet, E., Ployon, E., and Perga, M. E.: A 4D sedimentological approach to reconstructing the flood frequency and intensity of the Rhône River (Lake Bourget, NW European Alps), J. Paleolimnol., 51, 469–483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-014-9768-4, 2014.
Jomelli, V. and Bertran, P.: Wet snow avalanche deposits in the French Alps: structure and sedimentology, Geogr. Ann. Ser. Phys. Geogr., 83, 15–28, 2001.
Jomelli, V., Delval, C., Grancher, D., Escande, S., Brunstein, D., Hetu, B., Filion, L., and Pech, P.: Probabilistic analysis of recent snow avalanche activity and weather in the French Alps, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 47, 180–192, 2007.
Korup, O. and Rixen, C.: Soil erosion and organic carbon export by wet snow avalanches, The Cryosphere, 8, 651–658, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-651-2014, 2014.
Luckman, B.: Drop stones resulting from snow-avalanche deposition on lake ice, J. Glaciol., 14, 186–188, 1975.
Luckman, B.: The geomorphic activity of snow avalanches, Geogr. Ann. A, 31–48, 1977.
McCollister, C., Birkeland, K., Hansen, K., Aspinall, R., and Comey, R.: Exploring multi-scale spatial patterns in historical avalanche data, Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, Wyoming, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 37, 299–313, 2003.
Mulder, T. and Alexander, J.: The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits, Sedimentology, 48, 269–299, 2001.
Nesje, A., Bakke, J., Dahl, S. O., Lie, O., and Boe, A.-G.: A continuous, high-resolution 8500-yr snow-avalanche record from western Norway, Holocene, 17, 269–277, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683607075855, 2007.
Nielsen, P. R., Dahl, S. O., Jansen, H. L., and Støren, E. N.: Holocene aeolian sedimentation and episodic mass-wasting events recorded in lacustrine sediments on Langøya in Vesterålen, northern Norway, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 148, 146–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.011, 2016.
Pirlet, H., Wehrmann, L. M., Brunner, B., Frank, N., Dewanckele, J., Van Rooij, D., Foubert, A., Swennen, R., Naudts, L., Boone, M., Cnudde, V., and Henriet, J.-P.: Diagenetic formation of gypsum and dolomite in a cold-water coral mound in the Porcupine Seabight, off Ireland: Diagenetic gypsum in a cold-water coral mound, Sedimentology, 57, 786–805, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01119.x, 2010.
Postma, G.: Classification for sediment gravity-flow deposits based on flow conditions during sedimentation, Geology, 14, 291–294, 1986.
Reyss, J.-L., Schmidt, S., Legeleux, F., and Bonté, P.: Large, low background well-type detectors for measurements of environmental radioactivity, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A., 357, 391–397, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00021-6, 1995.
Sæmundsson, T. H., Decaulne, A., and Jónsson, H. P.: Sediment transport associated with snow avalanche activity and its implication for natural hazard management in Iceland, in: International Symposium on Mitigative Measures against Snow Avalanches, 137–142, 2008.
Schläppy, R., Eckert, N., Jomelli, V., Stoffel, M., Grancher, D., Brunstein, D., Naaim, M., and Deschatres, M.: Validation of extreme snow avalanches and related return periods derived from a statistical-dynamical model using tree-ring techniques, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 99, 12–26, 2014.
Schläppy, R., Jomelli, V., Eckert, N., Stoffel, M., Grancher, D., Brunstein, D., Corona, C., and Deschatres, M.: Can we infer avalanche–climate relations using tree-ring data? Case studies in the French Alps, Reg. Environ. Change, 16, 629–642, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0823-0, 2016.
Seierstad, J., Nesje, A., Dahl, S. O., and Simonsen, J. R.: Holocene glacier fluctuations of Grovabreen and Holocene snow-avalanche activity reconstructed from lake sediments in Grningstlsvatnet, western Norway, Holocene, 12, 211–222, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683602hl536rp, 2002.
Sletten, K., Blikra, L. H., Ballantyne, C. K., Nesje, A., and Dahl, S. O.: Holocene debris flows recognized in a lacustrine sedimentary succession: sedimentology, chronostratigraphy and cause of triggering, Holocene, 13, 907–920, https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl673rp, 2003.
Støren, E. N., Dahl, S. O., Nesje, A., and Paasche, Ø.: Identifying the sedimentary imprint of high-frequency Holocene river floods in lake sediments: development and application of a new method, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 3021–3033, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.038, 2010.
Sturm, M. and Matter, A.: Turbidites and Varves in Lake Brienz (Switzerland): Deposition of Clastic Detritus by Density Currents, in: Modern and Ancient Lake Sediments, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 147–168, 1978.
Tins, B.: Technical aspects of CT imaging of the spine, Insights Imaging 1, 349–359, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13244-010-0047-2, 2010.
Van Steijn, H.: Stratified slope deposits: periglacial and other processes involved, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 354, 213–226, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP354.14, 2011.
van Steijn, H., Bertran, P., Francou, B., Texier, J.-P., and Hétu, B.: Models for the genetic and environmental interpretation of stratified slope deposits: Review, Permafr. Periglac., 6, 125–146, https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430060210, 1995.
Vasskog, K., Nesje, A., Storen, E. N., Waldmann, N., Chapron, E., and Ariztegui, D.: A Holocene record of snow-avalanche and flood activity reconstructed from a lacustrine sedimentary sequence in Oldevatnet, western Norway, Holocene 21, 597–614, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683610391316, 2011.
Weirich, F. H.: Field evidence for hydraulic jumps in subaqueous sediment gravity flows, Nature, 332, 626–629, https://doi.org/10.1038/332626a0, 1988.
Wilhelm, B., Arnaud, F., Sabatier, P., Crouzet, C., Brisset, E., Chaumillon, E., Disnar, J.-R., Guiter, F., Malet, E., Reyss, J.-L., Tachikawa, K., Bard, E., and Delannoy, J.-J.: 1400years of extreme precipitation patterns over the Mediterranean French Alps and possible forcing mechanisms, Quaternary Res., 78, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.03.003, 2012.
Wilhelm, B., Arnaud, F., Sabatier, P., Magand, O., Chapron, E., Courp, T., Tachikawa, K., Fanget, B., Malet, E., Pignol, C., Bard, E., and Delannoy, J. J.: Palaeoflood activity and climate change over the last 1400 years recorded by lake sediments in the north-west European Alps, J. Quaternary Sci., 28, 189–199, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2609, 2013.
Wilhelm, B., Sabatier, P., and Arnaud, F.: Is a regional flood signal reproducible from lake sediments?, Sedimentology, 62, 1103–1117, https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12180, 2015.
Wirth, S. B., Glur, L., Gilli, A., and Anselmetti, F. S.: Holocene flood frequency across the Central Alps – solar forcing and evidence for variations in North Atlantic atmospheric circulation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 80, 112–128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.09.002, 2013.
Short summary
This study focuses on the creation of a novel CT scan methodology at the crossroads between medical imagery and earth sciences. Using specific density signatures, pebbles and/or organic matter characterizing wet avalanche deposits can be quantified in lake sediments. Starting from AD 1880, we were able to identify eight periods of higher avalanche activity from sediment cores. The use of CT scans, alongside existing approaches, opens up new possibilities in a wide variety of geoscience studies.
This study focuses on the creation of a novel CT scan methodology at the crossroads between...
