Articles | Volume 8, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-869-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-869-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Oct 2020
Research article |
| 23 Oct 2020
| 23 Oct 2020
Ice sheet and palaeoclimate controls on drainage network evolution: an example from Dogger Bank, North Sea
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
David M. Hodgson
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Natasha L. M. Barlow
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Jonathan L. Carrivick
School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Carol J. Cotterill
British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Edinburgh, UK
Janet C. Richardson
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Ruza F. Ivanovic
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Claire L. Mellett
Wessex Archaeology, Salisbury, UK
Related authors
No articles found.
Elisa Ziegler, Nils Weitzel, Jean-Philippe Baudouin, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Lauren Gregoire, Ruza Ivanovic, Paul J. Valdes, Christian Wirths, and Kira Rehfeld
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1396, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1396, 2024
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Climate of the Past (CP).
Short summary
Short summary
During the Last Deglaciation global surface temperature rose by about 4–7 degrees over several millennia. We show that changes of year-to-year up to century-to-century fluctuations of temperature and precipitation during the Deglaciation were mostly larger than during either the preceding or succeeding more stable periods in fifteen climate model simulations. The analysis demonstrates how ice sheets, meltwater and volcanism influence simulated variability to inform future simulation protocols.
Brooke Snoll, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Laurie Menviel, Takashi Obase, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Nathaelle Bouttes, Chengfei He, Feng He, Marie Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Juan Muglia, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 20, 789–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Geological records show rapid climate change throughout the recent deglaciation. The drivers of these changes are still misunderstood but are often attributed to shifts in the Atlantic Ocean circulation from meltwater input. A cumulative effort to understand these processes prompted numerous simulations of this period. We use these to explain the chain of events and our collective ability to simulate them. The results demonstrate the importance of the meltwater amount used in the simulation.
Violet L. Patterson, Lauren J. Gregoire, Ruza Ivanovic, Niall Gandy, Jonathan Owen, Robin S. Smith, Oliver G. Pollard, and Lachlan C. Astfalck
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-10, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-10, 2024
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
Simulations of the last two glacial periods are run using a computer model in which the atmosphere and ice sheets interact. The results show that the initial conditions used in the simulations are the primary reason for the difference in simulated North American ice sheet volume between each period. Thus, the climate leading up to the glacial maxima and other factors, such as vegetation, are important contributors to the differences in the ice sheets at the Last and Penultimate Glacial Maxima.
Takashi Obase, Laurie Menviel, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Tristan Vadsaria, Ruza Ivanovic, Brooke Snoll, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Paul Valdes, Lauren Gregoire, Marie-Luise Kapsch, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Nathaelle Bouttes, Didier Roche, Fanny Lhardy, Chengfei He, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Zhengyu Liu, and Wing-Le Chan
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-86, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-86, 2023
Revised manuscript under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyses transient simulations of the last deglaciation performed by six climate models to understand the processes driving southern high latitude temperature changes. We find that atmospheric CO2 changes and AMOC changes are the primary drivers of the major warming and cooling during the middle stage of the deglaciation. The multi-model analysis highlights the model’s sensitivity of CO2, AMOC to meltwater, and the meltwater history on temperature changes in southern high latitudes.
Oliver G. Pollard, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Lauren J. Gregoire, Natalya Gomez, Víctor Cartelle, Jeremy C. Ely, and Lachlan C. Astfalck
The Cryosphere, 17, 4751–4777, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4751-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4751-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use advanced statistical techniques and a simple ice-sheet model to produce an ensemble of plausible 3D shapes of the ice sheet that once stretched across northern Europe during the previous glacial maximum (140,000 years ago). This new reconstruction, equivalent in volume to 48 ± 8 m of global mean sea-level rise, will improve the interpretation of high sea levels recorded from the Last Interglacial period (120 000 years ago) that provide a useful perspective on the future.
Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Charlotte Lang, Niall Gandy, Jonathan Gregory, Tamsin L. Edwards, Oliver Pollard, and Robin S. Smith
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2082, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2082, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ensemble simulations of the climate and ice sheets of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are performed with a new coupled climate-ice sheet model. Results show a strong sensitivity of the North American ice sheet to the albedo scheme, while the global temperature and the Greenland ice sheet appeared more sensitive to cloud and basal sliding schemes. Our result implies a potential connection between the North American ice sheet at the LGM and the future Greenland ice sheet through the albedo scheme.
Sarah A. Woodroffe, Leanne M. Wake, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Antony J. Long, and Kurt H. Kjær
Clim. Past, 19, 1585–1606, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Salt marsh in SE Greenland records sea level changes over the past 300 years in sediments and microfossils. The pattern is rising sea level until ~ 1880 CE and sea level fall since. This disagrees with modelled sea level, which overpredicts sea level fall by at least 0.5 m. This is the same even when reducing the overall amount of Greenland ice sheet melt and allowing for more time. Fitting the model to the data leaves ~ 3 mm yr−1 of unexplained sea level rise in SE Greenland since ~ 1880 CE.
Mads Dømgaard, Kristian K. Kjeldsen, Flora Huiban, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Shfaqat A. Khan, and Anders A. Bjørk
The Cryosphere, 17, 1373–1387, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1373-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sudden releases of meltwater from glacier-dammed lakes can influence ice flow, cause flooding hazards and landscape changes. This study presents a record of 14 drainages from 2007–2021 from a lake in west Greenland. The time series reveals how the lake fluctuates between releasing large and small amounts of drainage water which is caused by a weakening of the damming glacier following the large events. We also find a shift in the water drainage route which increases the risk of flooding hazards.
Suzanne Robinson, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Julia Tindall, Tina van de Flierdt, Yves Plancherel, Frerk Pöppelmeier, Kazuyo Tachikawa, and Paul J. Valdes
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1231–1264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1231-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1231-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present the implementation of neodymium (Nd) isotopes into the ocean model of FAMOUS (Nd v1.0). Nd fluxes from seafloor sediment and incorporation of Nd onto sinking particles represent the major global sources and sinks, respectively. However, model–data mismatch in the North Pacific and northern North Atlantic suggest that certain reactive components of the sediment interact the most with seawater. Our results are important for interpreting Nd isotopes in terms of ocean circulation.
Michael P. Erb, Nicholas P. McKay, Nathan Steiger, Sylvia Dee, Chris Hancock, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, and Paul Valdes
Clim. Past, 18, 2599–2629, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2599-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To look at climate over the past 12 000 years, we reconstruct spatial temperature using natural climate archives and information from model simulations. Our results show mild global mean warmth around 6000 years ago, which differs somewhat from past reconstructions. Undiagnosed seasonal biases in the data could explain some of the observed temperature change, but this still would not explain the large difference between many reconstructions and climate models over this period.
Suzanne Robinson, Ruza Ivanovic, Lauren Gregoire, Lachlan Astfalck, Tina van de Flierdt, Yves Plancherel, Frerk Pöppelmeier, and Kazuyo Tachikawa
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-937, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-937, 2022
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
The neodymium (Nd) isotope (εNd) scheme in the ocean model of FAMOUS is used to explore a benthic Nd flux to seawater. Our results demonstrate that sluggish modern Pacific waters are sensitive to benthic flux alterations, whereas the well-ventilated North Atlantic displays a much weaker response. In closing, there are distinct regional differences in how seawater acquires its εNd signal, in part relating to the complex interactions of Nd addition and water advection.
Christopher D. Stringer, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Duncan J. Quincey, and Daniel Nývlt
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-250, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-250, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in Antarctica have been decreasing in size at a fast rate, leading to the expansion of proglacial areas, with wide-ranging ecological implications. Several global land-cover maps exist, but they do not include Antarctica. We map land cover types across West Antarctica and the McMurdo Dry Valleys to a high degree of accuracy (77.0 %). We highlight the spatial variation in land cover and emphasise the need for more field data.
Kim M. Cohen, Víctor Cartelle, Robert Barnett, Freek S. Busschers, and Natasha L. M. Barlow
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2895–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2895-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2895-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a geological sea-level dataset for the Last Interglacial period (peaking ~125 000 years ago). From 80 known sites in and around the North Sea and English Channel (from below coastal plains, from along terraced parts of coastlines, from offshore), we provide and document 146 data points (35 entries in the Netherlands, 10 in Belgium, 23 in Germany, 17 in Denmark, 36 in Britain and the Channel Isles, 25 in France) that are also viewable at https://warmcoasts.eu/world-atlas.html.
Víctor Cartelle, Natasha L. M. Barlow, David M. Hodgson, Freek S. Busschers, Kim M. Cohen, Bart M. L. Meijninger, and Wessel P. van Kesteren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1399–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1399-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1399-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Reconstructing the growth and decay of past ice sheets is critical to understand relationships between global climate and sea-level change. We take advantage of large wind-farm datasets in the southern North Sea to investigate buried landscapes left by ice sheet advance and retreat occurring about 160 000 years ago. We demonstrate the utility of offshore wind-farm data in refining palaeo-ice sheet margin limits and providing insight into the processes influencing marginal ice sheet dynamics.
Masa Kageyama, Sandy P. Harrison, Marie-L. Kapsch, Marcus Lofverstrom, Juan M. Lora, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Tristan Vadsaria, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Nathaelle Bouttes, Deepak Chandan, Lauren J. Gregoire, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Kenji Izumi, Allegra N. LeGrande, Fanny Lhardy, Gerrit Lohmann, Polina A. Morozova, Rumi Ohgaito, André Paul, W. Richard Peltier, Christopher J. Poulsen, Aurélien Quiquet, Didier M. Roche, Xiaoxu Shi, Jessica E. Tierney, Paul J. Valdes, Evgeny Volodin, and Jiang Zhu
Clim. Past, 17, 1065–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~21 000 years ago) is a major focus for evaluating how well climate models simulate climate changes as large as those expected in the future. Here, we compare the latest climate model (CMIP6-PMIP4) to the previous one (CMIP5-PMIP3) and to reconstructions. Large-scale climate features (e.g. land–sea contrast, polar amplification) are well captured by all models, while regional changes (e.g. winter extratropical cooling, precipitations) are still poorly represented.
Ilkka S. O. Matero, Lauren J. Gregoire, and Ruza F. Ivanovic
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 4555–4577, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4555-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4555-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Northern Hemisphere cooled by several degrees for a century 8000 years ago due to the collapse of an ice sheet in North America that released large amounts of meltwater into the North Atlantic and slowed down its circulation. We numerically model the ice sheet to understand its evolution during this event. Our results match data thanks to good ice dynamics but depend mostly on surface melt and snowfall. Further work will help us understand how past and future ice melt affects climate.
Jennifer E. Dentith, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Julia C. Tindall, and Laura F. Robinson
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3529–3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3529-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3529-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We have added a new tracer (13C) into the ocean of the FAMOUS climate model to study large-scale circulation and the marine carbon cycle. The model captures the large-scale spatial pattern of observations but the simulated values are consistently higher than observed. In the first instance, our new tracer is therefore useful for recalibrating the physical and biogeochemical components of the model.
Jennifer E. Dentith, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Julia C. Tindall, Laura F. Robinson, and Paul J. Valdes
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-365, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-365, 2019
Publication in BG not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
We have added three new tracers (a dye tracer and two representations of radiocarbon, 14C) into the ocean of the FAMOUS climate model to study large-scale circulation and the marine carbon cycle. The model performs well compared to modern 14C observations, both spatially and temporally. Proxy 14C records are interpreted in terms of water age, but comparing our dye tracer to our 14C tracer, we find that this is only valid in certain areas; elsewhere, the carbon cycle complicates the signal.
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell N. Drysdale, Philip L. Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3649–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation for the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4). This design includes time-varying changes in orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations, continental ice sheets as well as freshwater input from the disintegration of continental ice sheets. Key paleo-records for model-data comparison are also included.
Niall Gandy, Lauren J. Gregoire, Jeremy C. Ely, Christopher D. Clark, David M. Hodgson, Victoria Lee, Tom Bradwell, and Ruza F. Ivanovic
The Cryosphere, 12, 3635–3651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3635-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3635-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We use the deglaciation of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet as a valuable case to examine the processes of contemporary ice sheet change, using an ice sheet model to simulate the Minch Ice Stream. We find that ice shelves were a control on retreat and that the Minch Ice Stream was vulnerable to the same marine mechanisms which threaten the future of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. This demonstrates the importance of marine processes when projecting the future of our contemporary ice sheets.
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell Drysdale, Philip Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The penultimate deglaciation (~ 138–128 ka), which represents the transition into the Last Interglacial period, provides a framework to investigate the climate and environmental response to large changes in boundary conditions. Here, as part of the PAGES-PMIP working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation as well as a selection of paleo records for upcoming model-data comparisons.
Masa Kageyama, Pascale Braconnot, Sandy P. Harrison, Alan M. Haywood, Johann H. Jungclaus, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Samuel Albani, Patrick J. Bartlein, Chris Brierley, Michel Crucifix, Aisling Dolan, Laura Fernandez-Donado, Hubertus Fischer, Peter O. Hopcroft, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Fabrice Lambert, Daniel J. Lunt, Natalie M. Mahowald, W. Richard Peltier, Steven J. Phipps, Didier M. Roche, Gavin A. Schmidt, Lev Tarasov, Paul J. Valdes, Qiong Zhang, and Tianjun Zhou
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1033–1057, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) takes advantage of the existence of past climate states radically different from the recent past to test climate models used for climate projections and to better understand these climates. This paper describes the PMIP contribution to CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, 6th phase) and possible analyses based on PMIP results, as well as on other CMIP6 projects.
Masa Kageyama, Samuel Albani, Pascale Braconnot, Sandy P. Harrison, Peter O. Hopcroft, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Fabrice Lambert, Olivier Marti, W. Richard Peltier, Jean-Yves Peterschmitt, Didier M. Roche, Lev Tarasov, Xu Zhang, Esther C. Brady, Alan M. Haywood, Allegra N. LeGrande, Daniel J. Lunt, Natalie M. Mahowald, Uwe Mikolajewicz, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Hans Renssen, Robert A. Tomas, Qiong Zhang, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Patrick J. Bartlein, Jian Cao, Qiang Li, Gerrit Lohmann, Rumi Ohgaito, Xiaoxu Shi, Evgeny Volodin, Kohei Yoshida, Xiao Zhang, and Weipeng Zheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4035–4055, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4035-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4035-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21000 years ago) is an interval when global ice volume was at a maximum, eustatic sea level close to a minimum, greenhouse gas concentrations were lower, atmospheric aerosol loadings were higher than today, and vegetation and land-surface characteristics were different from today. This paper describes the implementation of the LGM numerical experiment for the PMIP4-CMIP6 modelling intercomparison projects and the associated sensitivity experiments.
Owen King, Duncan J. Quincey, Jonathan L. Carrivick, and Ann V. Rowan
The Cryosphere, 11, 407–426, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-407-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-407-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We used multiple digital elevation models to quantify melt on 32 glaciers in the Everest region of the Himalayas. We examined whether patterns of melt differed depending on whether the glacier terminated on land or in water. We found that glaciers terminating in large lakes had the highest melt rates, but that those terminating in small lakes had comparable melt rates to those terminating on land. We carried out this research because Himalayan people are highly dependent on glacier meltwater.
Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Masa Kageyama, Didier M. Roche, Paul J. Valdes, Andrea Burke, Rosemarie Drummond, W. Richard Peltier, and Lev Tarasov
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2563–2587, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2563-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2563-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents the experiment design for the PMIP4 Last Deglaciation Core experiment: a transient simulation of the last deglaciation, 21–9 ka. Specified model boundary conditions include time-varying orbital parameters, greenhouse gases, ice sheets, ice meltwater fluxes and other geographical changes (provided for 26–0 ka). The context of the experiment and the choices for the boundary conditions are explained, along with the future direction of the working group.
Jacob C. Yde, Niels T. Knudsen, Jørgen P. Steffensen, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Bent Hasholt, Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen, Christian Kronborg, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Sebastian H. Mernild, Hans Oerter, David H. Roberts, and Andrew J. Russell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1197–1210, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1197-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1197-2016, 2016
T. Andrén, B. Barker Jørgensen, C. Cotterill, S. Green, and the IODP expedition 347 scientific party
Sci. Dril., 20, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-1-2015, 2015
R. F. Ivanovic, P. J. Valdes, R. Flecker, and M. Gutjahr
Clim. Past, 10, 607–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-607-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-607-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Role of the forcing sources in morphodynamic modelling of an embayed beach
A machine learning approach to the geomorphometric detection of ribbed moraines in Norway
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics: the case of Shap granite, UK
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: A target dataset for dynamic topography models
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Path length and sediment transport estimation from DEMs of difference: a signal processing approach
Influence of cohesive clay on wave–current ripple dynamics captured in a 3D phase diagram
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 1: Erosion dynamics
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 2: Suspended sediment dynamics
Geomorphological and hydrological controls on sediment export in earthquake-affected catchments in the Nepal Himalaya
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 2: Probabilistic analysis
Field monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows at Ohya landslide scar, Japan
Analysis of autogenic bifurcation processes resulting in river avulsion
Bedload transport fluctuations, flow conditions, and disequilibrium ratio at the Swiss Erlenbach stream: results from 27 years of high-resolution temporal measurements
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 1: convolutional-neural-network-based semantic segmentation for water detection
Coexistence of two dune scales in a lowland river
Alpine hillslope failure in the western US: insights from the Chaos Canyon landslide, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Using repeat UAV-based laser scanning and multispectral imagery to explore eco-geomorphic feedbacks along a river corridor
Numerical modelling of the evolution of a river reach with a complex morphology to help define future sustainable restoration decisions
Method to evaluate large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation associated with sediment erosion and deposition
Effects of seasonal variations in vegetation and precipitation on catchment erosion rates along a climate and ecological gradient: insights from numerical modeling
On the use of convolutional deep learning to predict shoreline change
On the use of packing models for the prediction of fluvial sediment porosity
Automated riverbed composition analysis using deep learning on underwater images
Marsh-induced backwater: the influence of non-fluvial sedimentation on a delta's channel morphology and kinematics
Spatial and temporal variations in rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be in medial moraines at five valley glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla, Switzerland
Building a bimodal landscape: bedrock lithology and bed thickness controls on the morphology of Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA
Geotechnical controls on erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
Linear-stability analysis of plane beds under flows with suspended loads
Estimating surface water availability in high mountain rock slopes using a numerical energy balance model
Sediment source and sink identification using Sentinel-2 and a small network of turbidimeters on the Vjosa River
Spatiotemporal bedload transport patterns over two-dimensional bedforms
Ice-buttressing-controlled rock slope failure on a cirque headwall, Lake District, UK
The probabilistic nature of dune collisions in 2D
Shape still matters: rockfall interactions with trees and deadwood in a mountain forest uncover a new facet of rock shape dependency
Earthquake contributions to coastal cliff retreat
Morphologic and morphometric differences between gullies formed in different substrates on Mars: new insights into the gully formation processes
Testing the sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood landscape evolution model to grid cell size
Nil Carrion-Bertran, Albert Falqués, Francesca Ribas, Daniel Calvete, Rinse de Swart, Ruth Durán, Candela Marco-Peretó, Marta Marcos, Angel Amores, Tim Toomey, Àngels Fernández-Mora, and Jorge Guillén
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity to the wave and sea-level forcing sources in predicting a 6-month embayed beach evolution is assessed using two different morphodynamic models. After a successful model calibration using in situ data, other sources are applied. The wave source choice is critical: hindcast data provide wrong results due to an angle bias, whilst the correct dynamics are recovered with the wave conditions from an offshore buoy. The use of different sea-level sources gives no significant differences.
Thomas J. Barnes, Thomas V. Schuler, Simon Filhol, and Karianne S. Lilleøren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 801–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use machine learning to automatically outline landforms based on their characteristics. We test several methods to identify the most accurate and then proceed to develop the most accurate to improve its accuracy further. We manage to outline landforms with 65 %–75 % accuracy, at a resolution of 10 m, thanks to high-quality/high-resolution elevation data. We find that it is possible to run this method at a country scale to quickly produce landform inventories for future studies.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 33 % of ice cliffs are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains unexplored in landscape evolution. Using digital evolution models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for how volcano basins develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 691–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a framework for generating risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This framework uses concepts from probability theory to learn the river migration model's parameter values from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that do not explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John R. Gardner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 581–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the profound impact of deforestation in the Amazon on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand the consequences of human activity for our planet's future.
Jacob Hardt, Tim P. Dooley, and Michael R. Hudec
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Edge rounding in Shap granite glacial erratics is an irregular function of distance from the source outcrop in northern England, UK. Block shape is conservative, evolving according to block fracture mechanics – stochastic and silver ratio models – towards either of two attractor states. Progressive reduction in size occurs for blocks transported at the sole of the ice mass where the blocks are subject to compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting against a bedrock or till surface.
Andrew Hollyday, Maureen E. Raymo, Jacqueline Austermann, Fred Richards, Mark Hoggard, and Alessio Rovere
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2099, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level was significantly higher during the Pliocene Epoch, around three million years ago. The present-day elevations of shorelines that formed in the past provide data constraint on the extent of ice sheet melt and the global sea level response under warm Pliocene conditions. In this study, we identify ten escarpments that formed from wavecut erosion during Pliocene times and compare their elevations with model predictions of solid Earth deformation processes to estimate past sea level.
Gary Parker, Chenge An, Michael P. Lamb, Marcelo H. Garcia, Elizabeth H. Dingle, and Jeremy G. Venditti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River morphology has traditionally been divided by the size 2 mm. We use dimensionless arguments to show that particles in the 1–5 mm range (i) are the finest range not easily suspended by alluvial flood flows, (ii) are transported preferentially over coarser gravel, and (iii), within limits, are also transported preferentially over sand. We show how fluid viscosity mediates the special status of sediment in this range.
Lindsay Marie Capito, Enrico Pandrin, Walter Bertoldi, Nicola Surian, and Simone Bizzi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 321–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose that the pattern of erosion and deposition from repeat topographic surveys can be a proxy for path length in gravel-bed rivers. With laboratory and field data, we applied tools from signal processing to quantify this periodicity and used these path length estimates to calculate sediment transport using the morphological method. Our results highlight the potential to expand the use of the morphological method using only remotely sensed data as well as its limitations.
Xuxu Wu, Jonathan Malarkey, Roberto Fernández, Jaco H. Baas, Ellen Pollard, and Daniel R. Parsons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The seabed changes from flat to rippled in response to the frictional influence of waves and currents. This experimental study has shown that the speed of this change, the size of ripples that result and even whether ripples appear also depend on the amount of sticky mud present. This new classification on the basis of initial mud content should lead to improvements in models of seabed change in present environments by engineers and the interpretation of past environments by geologists.
Andrea D'Alpaos, Davide Tognin, Laura Tommasini, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment erosion induced by wind waves is one of the main drivers of the morphological evolution of shallow tidal environments. However, a reliable description of erosion events for the long-term morphodynamic modelling of tidal systems is still lacking. By statistically characterizing sediment erosion dynamics in the Venice Lagoon over the last 4 centuries, we set up a novel framework for a synthetic, yet reliable, description of erosion events in tidal systems.
Davide Tognin, Andrea D'Alpaos, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of sediment transport processes is necessary to understand the fate of shallow tidal environments. Here we present a framework for the description of suspended sediment dynamics to quantify deposition in the long-term modelling of shallow tidal systems. This characterization, together with that of erosion events, allows one to set up synthetic, yet reliable, models for the long-term evolution of tidal landscapes.
Emma L. S. Graf, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikaël Attal, Boris Gailleton, Basanta Raj Adhikari, and Bishnu Raj Baral
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 135–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite images, we show that, unlike other examples of earthquake-affected rivers, the rivers of central Nepal experienced little increase in sedimentation following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Instead, a catastrophic flood occurred in 2021 that buried towns and agricultural land under up to 10 m of sediment. We show that intense storms remobilised glacial sediment from high elevations causing much a greater impact than flushing of earthquake-induced landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listening to the acoustic noise generated by particle impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 105–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a detailed characterization of the frequency, intensity and duration of flooding events at a site along the Texas coast. Our analysis demonstrates the suitability of relatively simple wave run-up models to estimate the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. Our results validate and expand a probabilistic model of coastal flooding driven by wave run-up that can then be used in coastal risk management in response to sea level rise.
Shunsuke Oya, Fumitoshi Imaizumi, and Shoki Takayama
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 67–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows was performed at Ohya landslide scar, central Japan. The pore water pressure in some partly saturated flows greatly exceeded the hydrostatic pressure. The depth gradient of the pore water pressure in the lower part of the flow was generally higher than the upper part of the flow. We conclude that excess pore water pressure is present in many debris flow surges and is an important mechanism in debris flow behavior.
Gabriele Barile, Marco Redolfi, and Marco Tubino
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River bifurcations often show the closure of one branch (avulsion), whose causes are still poorly understood. Our model shows that when one branch stops transporting sediments, the other considerably erodes and captures much more flow, resulting in a self-sustaining process. This phenomenon intensifies when increasing the length of the branches, eventually leading to branch closure. This work may help to understand when avulsions occur and thus to design sustainable river restoration projects.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal flooding can cause significant damage to coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities and is expected to increase in frequency with the acceleration of sea level rise. In order to respond to it, it is crucial to measure and model their frequency and intensity. Here, we show deep-learning techniques can be successfully used to automatically detect flooding events from complex coastal imagery, opening the way to real-time monitoring and data acquisition for model development.
Judith Y. Zomer, Bart Vermeulen, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1283–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary bedforms that are superimposed on large, primary dunes likely play a large role in fluvial systems. This study demonstrates that they can be omnipresent. Especially during peak flows, they grow large and can have steep slopes, likely affecting flood risk and sediment transport dynamics. Primary dune morphology determines whether they continuously or intermittently migrate. During discharge peaks, the secondary bedforms can become the dominant dune scale.
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Christopher Tomsett and Julian Leyland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1223–1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation influences how rivers change through time, yet the way in which we analyse vegetation is limited. Current methods collect detailed data at the individual plant level or determine dominant vegetation types across larger areas. Herein, we use UAVs to collect detailed vegetation datasets for a 1 km length of river and link vegetation properties to channel evolution occurring within the study site, providing a new method for investigating the influence of vegetation on river systems.
Rabab Yassine, Ludovic Cassan, Hélène Roux, Olivier Frysou, and François Pérès
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1199–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting river morphology evolution is very complicated, especially for mountain rivers with complex morphologies such as the Lac des Gaves reach in France. A 2D hydromorphological model was developed to reproduce the channel's evolution and provide reliable volumetric predictions while revealing the challenge of choosing adapted sediment transport and friction laws. Our model can provide decision-makers with reliable predictions to design suitable restoration measures for this reach.
Daisuke Harada and Shinji Egashira
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1183–1197, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for describing large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation and the storage equation, which are associated with active sediment erosion and deposition. Compared to the existing Lagrangian method, the proposed method can easily simulate the behavior of large wood in the flow field with active sediment transport. The method is applied to the flood disaster in the Akatani River in 2017, and the 2-D flood flow computations are successfully performed.
Hemanti Sharma and Todd A. Ehlers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1161–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonality in precipitation (P) and vegetation (V) influences catchment erosion (E), although which factor plays the dominant role is unclear. In this study, we performed a sensitivity analysis of E to P–V seasonality through numerical modeling. Our results suggest that P variations strongly influence seasonal variations in E, while the effect of seasonal V variations is secondary but significant. This is more pronounced in moderate and least pronounced in extreme environmental settings.
Eduardo Gomez-de la Peña, Giovanni Coco, Colin Whittaker, and Jennifer Montaño
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1145–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting how shorelines change over time is a major challenge in coastal research. We here have turned to deep learning (DL), a data-driven modelling approach, to predict the movement of shorelines using observations from a camera system in New Zealand. The DL models here implemented succeeded in capturing the variability and distribution of the observed shoreline data. Overall, these findings indicate that DL has the potential to enhance the accuracy of current shoreline change predictions.
Christoph Rettinger, Mina Tabesh, Ulrich Rüde, Stefan Vollmer, and Roy M. Frings
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1097–1115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Packing models promise efficient and accurate porosity predictions of fluvial sediment deposits. In this study, three packing models were reviewed, calibrated, and validated. Only two of the models were able to handle the continuous and large grain size distributions typically encountered in rivers. We showed that an extension by a cohesion model is necessary and developed guidelines for successful predictions in different rivers.
Alexander A. Ermilov, Gergely Benkő, and Sándor Baranya
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1061–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel, artificial-intelligence-based riverbed sediment analysis methodology is introduced that uses underwater images to identify the characteristic sediment classes. The main novelties of the procedure are as follows: underwater images are used, the method enables continuous mapping of the riverbed along the measurement vessel’s route contrary to conventional techniques, the method is cost-efficient, and the method works without scaling.
Kelly M. Sanks, John B. Shaw, Samuel M. Zapp, José Silvestre, Ripul Dutt, and Kyle M. Straub
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1035–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
River deltas encompass many depositional environments (like channels and wetlands) that interact to produce coastal environments that change through time. The processes leading to sedimentation in wetlands are often neglected from physical delta models. We show that wetland sedimentation constrains flow to the channels, changes sedimentation rates, and produces channels more akin to field-scale deltas. These results have implications for the management of these vulnerable coastal landscapes.
Katharina Wetterauer and Dirk Scherler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1013–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In glacial landscapes, debris supply rates vary spatially and temporally. Rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in medial moraine debris at five Swiss glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla indicate an increase in erosion from the end of the Little Ice Age towards deglaciation but temporally more stable rates over the last ∼100 years. Rockwall erosion rates are higher where rockwalls are steep and north-facing, suggesting a potential slope and temperature control.
Sam Anderson, Nicole Gasparini, and Joel Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured rock strength and amount of fracturing in the two different rock types, sandstones and carbonates, in Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA. Where there is more carbonate bedrock, hills and channels steepen in Last Chance Canyon. This is because the carbonate-type bedrock tends to be more thickly bedded, is less fractured, and is stronger. The carbonate bedrock produces larger boulders than the sandstone bedrock, which can protect the more fractured sandstone bedrock from erosion.
Jens M. Turowski, Gunnar Pruß, Anne Voigtländer, Andreas Ludwig, Angela Landgraf, Florian Kober, and Audrey Bonnelye
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 979–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers can cut into rocks, and their strength modulates the river's erosion rates. Yet, which properties of the rock control its response to erosive action is poorly understood. Here, we describe parallel experiments to measure rock erosion rates under fluvial impact erosion and the rock's geotechnical properties such as fracture strength, elasticity, and density. Erosion rates vary over a factor of a million between different rock types. We use the data to improve current theory.
Koji Ohata, Hajime Naruse, and Norihiro Izumi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 961–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the influence of sediment transport modes on the formation of bedforms using theoretical analysis. The results of the theoretical analysis were verified with published data of plane beds obtained by fieldwork and laboratory experiments. We found that suspended sand particles can promote the formation of plane beds on a fine-grained bed, which suggests that the presence of suspended particles suppresses the development of dunes under submarine sediment-laden gravity currents.
Matan Ben-Asher, Florence Magnin, Sebastian Westermann, Josué Bock, Emmanuel Malet, Johan Berthet, Ludovic Ravanel, and Philip Deline
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 899–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative knowledge of water availability on high mountain rock slopes is very limited. We use a numerical model and field measurements to estimate the water balance at a steep rock wall site. We show that snowmelt is the main source of water at elevations >3600 m and that snowpack hydrology and sublimation are key factors. The new information presented here can be used to improve the understanding of thermal, hydrogeological, and mechanical processes on steep mountain rock slopes.
Jessica Droujko, Srividya Hariharan Sudha, Gabriel Singer, and Peter Molnar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 881–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined data from satellite images with data measured from a kayak in order to understand the propagation of fine sediment in the Vjosa River. We were able to find some storm-activated and some permanent sources of sediment. We also estimated how much fine sediment is carried into the Adriatic Sea by the Vjosa River: approximately 2.5 Mt per year, which matches previous findings. With our work, we hope to show the potential of open-access satellite images.
Kate C. P. Leary, Leah Tevis, and Mark Schmeeckle
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 835–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the importance of bedforms (e.g., ripples, dunes) to sediment transport, the details of sediment transport on a sub-bedform scale are poorly understood. This paper investigates sediment transport in the downstream and cross-stream directions over bedforms with straight crests. We find that the patterns of bedload transport are highly variable on the sub-bedform scale, which is important for our understanding of the evolution of bedforms with complex crest geometries.
Paul A. Carling, John D. Jansen, Teng Su, Jane Lund Andersen, and Mads Faurschou Knudsen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 817–833, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many steep glaciated rock walls collapsed when the Ice Age ended. How ice supports a steep rock wall until the ice decays is poorly understood. A collapsed rock wall was surveyed in the field and numerically modelled. Cosmogenic exposure dates show it collapsed and became ice-free ca. 18 ka ago. The model showed that the rock wall failed very slowly because ice was buttressing the slope. Dating other collapsed rock walls can improve understanding of how and when the last Ice Age ended.
Paul A. Jarvis, Clement Narteau, Olivier Rozier, and Nathalie M. Vriend
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 803–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sand dune migration velocity is inversely proportional to dune size. Consequently, smaller, faster dunes can collide with larger, slower downstream dunes. Such collisions can result in either coalescence or ejection, whereby the dunes exchange mass but remain separate. Our numerical simulations show that the outcome depends probabilistically on the dune size ratio, which we describe through an empirical function. Our numerical predictions compare favourably against experimental observations.
Adrian Ringenbach, Peter Bebi, Perry Bartelt, Andreas Rigling, Marc Christen, Yves Bühler, Andreas Stoffel, and Andrin Caviezel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 779–801, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Swiss researchers carried out repeated rockfall experiments with rocks up to human sizes in a steep mountain forest. This study focuses mainly on the effects of the rock shape and lying deadwood. In forested areas, cubic-shaped rocks showed a longer mean runout distance than platy-shaped rocks. Deadwood especially reduced the runouts of these cubic rocks. The findings enrich standard practices in modern rockfall hazard zoning assessments and strongly urge the incorporation of rock shape effects.
Colin K. Bloom, Corinne Singeisen, Timothy Stahl, Andrew Howell, and Chris Massey
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 757–778, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes can cause damaging coastal cliff retreat, but we have a limited understanding of how these infrequent events influence multidecadal retreat. This makes hazard planning a challenge. In this study, we use historic aerial images to measure coastal cliff-top retreat at a site in New Zealand. We find that earthquakes account for close to half of multidecadal retreat at this site, and our results have helped us to develop tools for estimating the influence of earthquakes at other sites.
Rishitosh K. Sinha, Dwijesh Ray, Tjalling De Haas, Susan J. Conway, and Axel Noblet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 713–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our detailed investigation of Martian gullies formed in different substrates in 29 craters distributed between 30°–75° S latitude suggests that they can be differentiated from one another in terms of (1) morphology and length of alcoves and (2) mean gradient of the gully fans. The comparison between the Melton ratio, alcove length, and fan gradient of Martian and terrestrial gullies suggests that Martian gullies were likely formed by terrestrial debris-flow-like processes in the past.
Christopher J. Skinner and Thomas J. Coulthard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models allow us to simulate the way the Earth's surface is shaped and help us to understand relevant processes, in turn helping us to manage landscapes better. The models typically represent the land surface using a grid of square cells of equal size, averaging heights in those squares. This study shows that the size chosen by the modeller for these grid cells is important, with larger sizes making sediment output events larger but less frequent.
Cited articles
Alho, P., Russell, A. J., Carrivick, J. L., and Käyhkö, J.:
Reconstruction of the largest Holocene jökulhlaup within Jökulsá
á Fjöllum, NE Iceland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 24, 2319–2334,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.11.021, 2005.
Amos, K. J., Alexander, J., Horn, A., Pocock, G. D., and Fielding, C. R.:
Supply limited sediment transport in a high-discharge event of the tropical
Burdekin River, North Queensland, Australia, Sedimentology, 51, 145–162,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2004.00616.x, 2004.
Andersen, K. K., Azuma, N., Barnola, J.-M., Bigler, M., Biscaye, P.,
Caillon, N., Chappellaz, J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Fischer, H.,
Flückiger, J., Fritzsche, D., Fujii, Y., Goto-Azuma, K., Grønvold,
K., Gundestrup, N. S., Hansson, M., Huber, C., Hvidberg, C. S., Johnsen, S.
J., Jonsell, U., Jouzel, J., Kipfstuhl, S., Landais, A., Leuenberger, M.,
Lorrain, R., Masson-Delmotte, V., Miller, H., Motoyama, H., Narita, H.,
Popp, T., Rasmussen, S. O., Raynaud, D., Rothlisberger, R., Ruth, U., Samyn,
D., Schwander, J., Shoji, H., Siggard-Andersen, M.-L., Steffensen, J. P.,
Stocker, T., Sveinbjörnsdóttir, a E., Svensson, A., Takata, M.,
Tison, J.-L., Thorsteinsson, T., Watanabe, O., Wilhelms, F., and White, J. W.
C.: High-resolution record of Northern Hemisphere climate extending into the
last interglacial period, Nature, 431, 147–151,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02805, 2004.
Bailey, G. N., Harff, J., and Sakellariou, D.: Under the Sea: Archaeology and
Palaeolandscapes of the Continental Shelf, edited by: Bailey, G. N., Harff, J., and Sakellariou, D., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2017.
Becker, L. W. M., Sejrup, H. P., Hjelstuen, B. O., Haflidason, H., and
Dokken, T. M.: Ocean-ice sheet interaction along the SE Nordic Seas margin
from 35 to 15 ka BP, Mar. Geol., 402, 99–117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.09.003, 2018.
Bicket, A. and Tizzard, L.: A review of the submerged prehistory and
palaeolandscapes of the British Isles, Proc. Geol. Assoc., 126, 643–663,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2015.08.009, 2015.
Bicket, A. R., Mellett, C. L., Tizzard, L., and Waddington, C.: Exploring
Holocene palaeogeography in the `white ribbon': a Mesolithic case study from
the Northumberland coast, J. Quaternary Sci., 32, 311–328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2897, 2016.
Bishop, P.: Drainage rearrangement by river capture, beheading and
diversion, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 19, 449–473,
https://doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900402, 1995.
Bourillet, J.-F., Reynaud, J. Y., Baltzer, A., and Zaragosi, S.: The “Fleuve
Manche”: The submarine sedimentary features from the outer shelf to the
deep-sea fans, J. Quaternary Sci., 18, 261–282, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.757, 2003.
Briggs, R. D., Pollard, D., and Tarasov, L.: A data-constrained large
ensemble analysis of Antarctic evolution since the Eemian, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 103, 91–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.003, 2014.
Bristow, C. S. and Best, J. L.: Braided rivers: perspectives and problems, Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ., 75, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.075.01.01, 1993.
Brooks, A. J., Bradley, S. L., Edwards, R. J., and Goodwyn, N.: The
Palaeogeography of Northwest Europe during the last 20,000 years, J. Maps,
5647, 573–587, https://doi.org/10.4113/jom.2011.1160, 2011.
Brown, A., Russell, J., Scaife, R. G., Tizzard, L., Whittaker, J., and Wyles,
S. F.: Lateglacial/early Holocene palaeoenvironments in the southern North
Sea Basin: new data from the Dudgeon offshore wind farm, J. Quaternary Sci.,
33, 597–610, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3039, 2018.
Busschers, F. S., Kasse, C., van Balen, R. T., Vandenberghe, J., Cohen, K.
M., Weerts, H. J. T., Wallinga, J., Johns, C., Cleveringa, P., and Bunnik, F.
P. M.: Late Pleistocene evolution of the Rhine-Meuse system in the southern
North Sea basin: imprints of climate change, sea-level oscillation and
glacio-isostacy, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 3216–3248,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.07.013, 2007.
Cameron, T. D. J., Stoker, M. S., and Long, D.: The history of Quaternary
sedimentation in the UK sector of the North Sea Basin, J. Geol. Soc.
Lond., 144, 43–58, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.144.1.0043, 1987.
Cameron, T. D. J., Crosby, A., Balson, P., Jeffery, D. H., Lott, G. K.,
Bulat, J., and Harrison, D. J.: United Kingdom offshore regional report: the
geology of the southern North Sea, HMSO, London, 1992.
Carr, S. J., Holmes, R., van der Meer, J. J. M., and Rose, J.: The Last
Glacial Maximum in the North Sea Basin: Micromorphological evidence of
extensive glaciation, J. Quaternar Sci., 21, 131–153, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.950,
2006.
Carrivick, J. L. and Rushmer, E. L.: Understanding high-magnitude outburst
floods, Geol. Today, 22, 60–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2006.00554.x, 2006.
Carrivick, J. L. and Rushmer, E. L.: Inter- And intra-catchment variations
in proglacial Geomorphology: An example from Franz Josef glacier and fox
glacier, New Zealand, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 41, 18–36,
https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430-41.1.18, 2009.
Carrivick, J. L. and Russell, A. J.: Glaciofluvial Landforms of Deposition,
in: Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 2nd Edn., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 6–17, 2013.
Carrivick, J. L., Russell, A. J., and Tweed, F. S.: Geomorphological evidence
for jökulhlaups from Kverkfjöll volcano, Iceland, Geomorphology, 63, 81–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.006, 2004a.
Carrivick, J. L., Russell, A. J., Tweed, F. S., and Twigg, D.: Palaeohydrology and sedimentary impacts of jökulhlaups from Kverkfjöll, Iceland, Sediment. Geol., 172, 19–40,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2004.07.005, 2004b.
Carrivick, J. L., Pringle, J. K., Russell, A. J., and Cassidy, N. J.:
GPR-derived sedimentary architecture and stratigraphy of outburst flood
sedimentation within a bedrock valley system, Hraundalur, Iceland, J.
Environ. Eng. Geophys., 12, 127–143, https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG12.1.127, 2007.
Carrivick, J. L., Tweed, F. S., Carling, P., Alho, P., Marren, P. M.,
Staines, K., Russell, A. J., Rushmer, E. L. and Duller, R.: Discussion of
“Field evidence and hydraulic modeling of a large Holocene jökulhlaup
at Jökulsá á Fjöllum channel, Iceland” by Douglas Howard,
Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach and Timothy Beach, 2012, Geomorphology, 201,
512–519, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.024, 2013.
Carter, S. P., Fricker, H. A., and Siegfried, M. R.: Evidence of rapid
subglacial water piracy under Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, J.
Glaciol., 59, 1147–1162, https://doi.org/10.3189/2013JoG13J085, 2013.
Clark, C. D., Hughes, A. L. C., Greenwood, S. L., Jordan, C., and Sejrup, H.
P.: Pattern and timing of retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 44, 112–146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.07.019, 2012.
Coles, B. J.: Doggerland: a Speculative Survey, Proc. Prehist. Soc., 64,
45–81, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0079497X00002176, 1998.
Cotterill, C. J., Dove, D., Long, D. and James, L.: Dogger Bank – A Geo
Challenge, in: Proceedings of the seventh international conference, 12–14 September 2012, Royal Geographical Society, London, 127–134, 2012.
Cotterill, C. J., Phillips, E. R., James, L., Forsberg, C. F., and Tjelta, T.
I.: How understanding past landscapes might inform present-day site
investigations: A case study from Dogger Bank, southern central North Sea,
Near Surf. Geophys., 15, 403–413, https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2017032, 2017a.
Cotterill, C. J., Phillips, E. R., James, L., Forsberg, C. F., Tjelta, T. I., Carter, G. and Dove, D.: The evolution of the Dogger Bank, North Sea: A
complex history of terrestrial, glacial and marine environmental change,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 171, 136–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.07.006, 2017b.
Coughlan, M., Fleischer, M., Wheeler, A. J., Hepp, D. A., Hebbeln, D., and
Mörz, T.: A revised stratigraphical framework for the Quaternary
deposits of the German North Sea sector: a geological-geotechnical approach,
Boreas, 47, 80–105, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12253, 2018.
Crameri, F.: Geodynamic diagnostics, scientific visualisation and StagLab 3.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 2541–2562, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2541-2018, 2018.
Duller, R. A., Warner, N. H., McGonigle, C., De Angelis, S., Russell, A. J.
and Mountney, N. P.: Landscape reaction, response, and recovery following
the catastrophic 1918 Katla jökulhlaup, southern Iceland, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 41, 4214–4221, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060090, 2014.
Emery, A. R., Hodgson, D. M., Barlow, N. L. M., Carrivick, J. L., Cotterill,
C. J., and Phillips, E.: Left High and Dry: Deglaciation of Dogger Bank,
North Sea, Recorded in Proglacial Lake Evolution, Front. Earth Sci.,
7, 1–27, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00234, 2019a.
Emery, A. R., Hodgson, D. M., Barlow, N. L. M., Carrivick, J. L., Cotterill,
C. J., Mellett, C. L., and Booth, A. D.: Topographic and hydrodynamic
controls on barrier retreat and preservation: An example from Dogger Bank,
North Sea, Mar. Geol., 416, 105981, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2019.105981, 2019b.
Fielding, C. R., Allen, J. P., Alexander, J., and Gibling, M. G.: Facies
model for fluvial systems in the seasonal tropics and subtropics, Geology,
37, 623–626, https://doi.org/10.1130/G25727A.1, 2009.
Fielding, C. R., Alexander, J., and Allen, J. P.: The role of discharge
variability in the formation and preservation of alluvial sediment bodies,
Sediment. Geol., 365, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.12.022, 2018.
Figge, K.: Das Elbe–Urstromtal im Bereich der Deutschen Bucht (Nordsee),
Eiszeitalter Gegenwart, 30, 203–211, https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-911, 1980.
Fitch, S., Thomson, K., and Gaffney, V.: Late Pleistocene and Holocene
depositional systems and the palaeogeography of the Dogger Bank, North Sea,
Quatern. Res., 64, 185–196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.03.007, 2005.
Flemming, N. C., Harff, J., Moura, D., Burgess, A. and Bailey, G. N.:
Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf, edited by:
Flemming, N. C., Harff, J., Moura, D., Burgess, A., and Bailey, G. N., Wiley, Oxford, 2017.
Gaffney, V., Thomson, K., and Fitch, S.: Mapping Doggerland: the Mesolithic
landscapes of the southern North Sea, Archaeopress, Oxford, 2007.
Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., and Smith, D. E.: Europe's Lost World: the
Rediscovery of Doggerland, Council for British Archaeology, York, 2009.
Gearey, B. R., Hopla, E.-J., Boomer, I., Smith, D. E., Marshall, P., Fitch,
S., Griffiths, S., and Tappin, D. R.: Multi-proxy palaeoecological approaches
to submerged landscapes: a case study from “Doggerland”, in the southern
North Sea, in the Archaeological and Forensic Applications of Microfossils:
A Deeper Understanding of Human History, The Geological Society
of London on behalf of The Micropalaeontological Society, London, 35–53, 2017.
Gibbard, P. L., Rose, J., and Bridgland, D. R.: The History of the Great
Northwest European Rivers During the Past Three Million Years [and
Discussion], Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 318, 559–602,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1988.0024, 1988.
Gibbard, P. L., West, R. G., Zagwijn, W. H., Balson, P. S., Burger, A. W.,
Funnell, B. M., Jeffery, D. H., de Jong, J., van Kolfschoten, T., Lister, A.
M., Meijer, T., Norton, P. E. P., Preece, R. C., Rose, J., Stuart, A. J.,
Whiteman, C. A., and Zalasiewicz, J. A.: Early and early Middle Pleistocene
correlations in the Southern North Sea basin, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 10,
23–52, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(91)90029-T, 1991.
Gordon, C., Cooper, C., Senior, C. A., Banks, H., Gregory, J. M., Johns, T.
C., Mitchell, J. F. B., and Wood, R. A.: The simulation of SST, sea ice
extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled
model without flux adjustments, Clim. Dynam., 16, 147–168,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050010, 2000.
Grieve, S. W. D.: Sinuosity Script, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3835970, 2020.
Guan, M., Wright, N. G., Sleigh, P. A., and Carrivick, J. L.: Assessment of
hydro-morphodynamic modelling and geomorphological impacts of a
sediment-charged jökulhlaup, at Sólheimajökull, Iceland, J.
Hydrol., 530, 336–349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.062, 2015.
Hepp, D. A., Warnke, U., Hebbeln, D., and Mörz, T.: Tributaries of the Elbe Palaeovalley: Features of a Hidden Palaeolandscape in the German Bight, North Sea, in: Under the Sea: Archaeology and Palaeolandscapes of the Continental Shelf, edited by: Bailey, G., Harff, J., and Sakellariou, D., Springer, Cham, 211–222, 2017.
Hepp, D. A., Romero, O. E., Mörz, T., de Pol-Holz, R., and Hebbeln, D.:
How a river submerges into the sea: a geological record of changing a
fluvial to a marine paleoenvironment during early Holocene sea level rise,
J. Quaternary Sci., 34, 581–592, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.3147, 2019.
Hijma, M. P. and Cohen, K. M.: Holocene transgression of the Rhine river
mouth area, The Netherlands/Southern North Sea: palaeogeography and sequence
stratigraphy, Sedimentology, 58, 1453–1485,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2010.01222.x, 2011.
Hijma, M. P., Cohen, K. M., Roebroeks, W., Westerhoff, W. E., and Busschers,
F. S.: Pleistocene Rhine-Thames landscapes: Geological background for
hominin occupation of the southern North Sea region, J. Quaternary Sci., 27,
17–39, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1549, 2012.
Hjelstuen, B. O., Sejrup, H. P., Valvik, E., and Becker, L. W. M.: Evidence
of an ice-dammed lake outburst in the North Sea during the last
deglaciation, Mar. Geol., 402, 118–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.11.021, 2017.
Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J., and
Svendsen, J. I.: The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and
time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1, Boreas, 45, 1–45,
https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12142, 2016.
Ivanovic, R. F., Gregoire, L. J., Kageyama, M., Roche, D. M., Valdes, P. J.,
Burke, A., Drummond, R., Peltier, W. R., and Tarasov, L.: Transient climate
simulations of the deglaciation 21–9 thousand years before present (version 1) – PMIP4 Core experiment design and boundary conditions, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2563–2587, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2563-2016, 2016.
Jansen, J. H. F., van Weering, T. C. E., and Eisma, D.: Late Quaternary sedimentation in the North Sea, in: The Quaternary history of the North Sea, edited by: Oele, E., Schüttenhelm, R. T. E., and Wiggers, A. J., Symposia Universitatis Upsaliensis Annum Quingentesimum Celebrantis, 2, 175–187, 1979.
Kuchar, J., Milne, G. A., Hubbard, A. L., Patton, H., Bradley, S. L.,
Shennan, I., and Edwards, R.: Evaluation of a numerical model of the
British-Irish ice sheet using relative sea-level data: implications for the
interpretation of trimline observations, J. Quaternary Sci., 27, 597–605,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2552, 2012.
Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., He, F., Brady, E. C., Tomas, R., Clark, P.
U., Carlson, A. E., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., Curry, W., Brook, E., Erickson, D.,
Jacob, R., Kutzbach, J., and Cheng, J.: Transient simulation of last
deglaciation with a new mechanism for bolling-allerod warming, Science, 325, 310–314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171041, 2009.
Livingstone, S. J. and Clark, C. D.: Morphological properties of tunnel valleys of the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and implications for their formation, Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 567–589,
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-567-2016, 2016.
Löfverström, M. and Lora, J. M.: Abrupt regime shifts in the North
Atlantic atmospheric circulation over the last deglaciation, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 44, 8047–8055, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074274, 2017.
Lonergan, L., Maidment, S. C. R., and Collier, J. S.: Pleistocene subglacial
tunnel valleys in the central North Sea basin: 3-D morphology and evolution,
J. Quaternary Sci., 21, 891–903, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1015, 2006.
Maizels, J.: Sedimentology, Paleoflow Dynamics and Flood History of
Jökulhlaup Deposits: Paleohydrology of Holocene Sediment Sequences in
Southern Iceland Sandur Deposits, SEPM J. Sediment. Res., 59,
204–223, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8F4E-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1989.
Maizels, J.: Jökulhlaup deposits in proglacial areas, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 16, 793–819, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(97)00023-1, 1997.
Marren, P. M.: Magnitude and frequency in proglacial rivers: A
geomorphological and sedimentological perspective, Earth-Sci. Rev.,
70, 203–251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.12.002, 2005.
Marren, P. M. and Toomath, S. C.: Channel pattern of proglacial rivers:
Topographic forcing due to glacier retreat, Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
39, 943–951, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3545, 2014.
Marren, P. M., Russell, A. J., and Rushmer, E. L.: Sedimentology of a sandur
formed by multiple jökulhlaups, Kverkfjöll, Iceland, Sediment.
Geol., 213, 77–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2008.11.006, 2009.
Mellett, C. L., Hodgson, D. M., Plater, A. J., Mauz, B., Selby, I., and Lang,
A.: Denudation of the continental shelf between Britain and France at the
glacial-interglacial timescale, Geomorphology, 203, 79–96,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.03.030, 2013.
Mesri, G. and Ali, S.: Undrained shear strength of a glacial clay overconsolidated by desiccation, Geotechnique, 49, 181–198,
https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1999.49.2.181, 1999.
Mitchum, R. M., Vail, P. R., and Sangree, J. B.: Seismic Stratigraphy and Global Changes of Sea Level: Part 6. Stratigraphic Interpretation of Seismic Reflection Patterns in Depositional Sequences: Section 2. Application of Seismic Reflection Configuration to Stratigraphic Interpretation, in: M 26: Seismic Stratigraphy – Applications to Hydrocarbon Exploration, AAPG Special Volumes, Tulsa, OK, 117–133, 1977.
Morris, P. J., Swindles, G. T., Valdes, P. J., Ivanovic, R. F., Gregoire, L.
J., Smith, M. W., Tarasov, L., Haywood, A. M., and Bacon, K. L.: Global
peatland initiation driven by regionally asynchronous warming, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 4851–4856, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717838115, 2018.
Mortensen, M. F., Birks, H. H., Christensen, C., Holm, J., Noe-Nygaard, N.,
Odgaard, B. V., Olsen, J., and Rasmussen, K. L.: Lateglacial vegetation
development in Denmark – New evidence based on macrofossils and pollen from
Slotseng, a small-scale site in southern Jutland, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
30, 2534–2550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.04.018, 2011.
Murton, D. K. and Murton, J. B.: Middle and Late Pleistocene glacial lakes
of lowland Britain and the southern North Sea Basin, Quatern. Int., 260,
115–142, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.07.034, 2012.
Nicholas, A. P., Sambrook Smith, G. H., Amsler, M. L., Ashworth, P. J.,
Best, J. L., Hardy, R. J., Lane, S. N., Orfeo, O., Parsonsm, D. R., Reesink,
A. J. H., Sandbach, S. D., Simpson, C. J., and Szupiany, R. N.: The role of
discharge variability in determining alluvial stratigraphy, Geology, 44,
3–6, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37215.1, 2016.
Ó Cofaigh, C.: Tunnel valley genesis, Prog. Phys. Geogr., 20, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1177/030913339602000101, 1996.
Ottesen, D., Stewart, M., Brönner, M., and Batchelor, C. L.: Tunnel
valleys of the central and northern North Sea (56∘ N to
62∘ N): Distribution and characteristics, Mar. Geol., 425,
106199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106199, 2020.
Peltier, W. R., Argus, D. F., and Drummond, R.: Space geodesy constrains ice
age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G_C (VM5a) model, J. Geophys. Res.-Solid, 120, 450–487, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011176, 2015.
Phillips, E., Cotterill, C. J., Johnson, K., Crombie, K., James, L., Carr,
S., and Ruiter, A.: Large-scale glacitectonic deformation in response to
active ice sheet retreat across Dogger Bank (southern central North Sea)
during the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 179, 24–47,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.11.001, 2018.
Phillips, E. R., Hodgson, D. M., and Emery, A. R.: The Quaternary geology of
the North Sea basin, J. Quaternary Sci., 32, 117–126, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2932, 2017.
Pope, V. D., Gallani, M. L., Rowntree, P. R., and Stratton, R. A.: The impact
of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3,
Clim. Dynam., 16, 123–146, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003820050009, 2000.
Praeg, D.: Seismic imaging of mid-Pleistocene tunnel-valleys in the North
Sea Basin-high resolution from low frequencies, J. Appl. Geophys., 53,
273–298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2003.08.001, 2003.
Prins, L. T. and Andresen, K. J.: Buried late Quaternary channel systems in
the Danish North Sea – Genesis and geological evolution, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 223, 105943, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.105943, 2019.
Prins, L. T., Andresen, K. J., Clausen, O. R., and Piotrowski, J.: Formation
and widening of a North Sea tunnel valley – The impact of slope processes on
valley morphology, Geomorphology, 368, 107347,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107347, 2020.
Roberts, D. H., Evans, D. J. A., Callard, S. L., Clark, C. D., Bateman, M.
D., Medialdea, A., Dove, D., Cotterill, C. J., Saher, M., Cofaigh, C. Ó., Chiverrell, R. C., Moreton, S. G., Fabel, D. and Bradwell, T.: Ice
marginal dynamics of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet in the southern North
Sea: Ice limits, timing and the influence of the Dogger Bank, Quaternary Sci.
Rev., 198, 181–207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.010, 2018.
Robertson, P. K.: Soil classification using the cone penetration test, Can.
Geotech. J., 27, 151–158, https://doi.org/10.1139/t90-014, 1990.
Russell, A. J., Roberts, M. J., Fay, H., Marren, P. M., Cassidy, N. J.,
Tweed, F. S., and Harris, T.: Icelandic jökulhlaup impacts: Implications
for ice-sheet hydrology, sediment transfer and geomorphology, Geomorphology,
75, 33–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.05.018, 2006.
Salomonsen, I.: A seismic stratigraphic analysis of Lower Pleistocene
deposits in the western Danish sector of the North Sea, Geol. en Mijnb.,
72, 349–361, 1993.
Sejrup, H. P., Clark, C. D., and Hjelstuen, B. O.: Rapid ice sheet retreat
triggered by ice stream debuttressing: Evidence from the North Sea, Geology,
44, 355–358, https://doi.org/10.1130/G37652.1, 2016.
Sejrup, H. P., Larsen, E., Landvik, J., King, E. L., Haflidason, H., and
Nesje, A.: Quaternary glaciations in southern Fennoscandia: Evidence from
southwestern Norway and the northern North Sea region, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
19, 667–685, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00016-5, 2000.
Shennan, I., Lambeck, K., Flather, R., Horton, B., McArthur, J., Innes, J.,
Lloyd, J. M., Rutherford, M., and Wingfield, R.: Modelling western North Sea
paleogeographies and tidal changes during the Holocene, in: Holocene
Land-Ocean Interaction and Environmental Change around the North Sea, vol. 166, Special Publications, Geological Society, London, 299–319, 2000.
Shugar, D. H., Clague, J. J., Best, J. L., Schoof, C., Willis, M. J.,
Copland, L., and Roe, G. H.: River piracy and drainage basin reorganization
led by climate-driven glacier retreat, Nat. Geosci., 10, 370–375,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2932, 2017.
Smith, D. E., Fitch, S., Gearey, B., Hill, T., Holford, S., Howard, A., and
Jolliffe, C.: The Potential of the Organic Archive for Environmental
Reconstruction: An Assessment of Selected Borehole Sediments from the North
Sea, in: Mapping Doggerland: the Mesolithic landscapes of the southern North
Sea, edited by: Gaffney, V., Thomson, K., and Fitch, S., 93–102,
Archaeopress, Oxford, 2007.
Staines, K. E. H., Carrivick, J. L., Tweed, F. S., Evans, A. J., Russell, A.
J., Jóhannesson, T., and Roberts, M.: A multi-dimensional analysis of
pro-glacial landscape change at Sólheimajökull, Southern Iceland,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 40, 809–822, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3662, 2015.
Stewart, M. A. and Lonergan, L.: Seven glacial cycles in the middle-late
Pleistocene of northwest Europe: Geomorphic evidence from buried tunnel
valleys, Geology, 39, 283–286, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31631.1, 2011.
Stewart, M. A., Lonergan, L., and Hampson, G.: 3D seismic analysis of buried
tunnel valleys in the central North Sea: Morphology, cross-cutting
generations and glacial history, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 72, 1–17,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.016, 2013.
Stoker, M. S., Balson, P. S., Long, D., and Tappin, D. R.: An overview of the
lithostratigraphical framework for the Quaternary deposits on the United
Kingdom continental shelf, British Geological Survey Research Report RR/11/03, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, 2011.
Sturt, F., Garrow, D., and Bradley, S. L.: New models of North West European
Holocene palaeogeography and inundation, J. Archaeol. Sci., 40,
3963–3976, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.05.023, 2013.
Tappin, D. R., Pearce, B,. Fitch, S., Dove, D., Gearey, B., Hill, J. M., Chambers, C., Bates, R., Pinnion, J., Diaz Doce, D., Green, M., Gallyot, J., Georgiou, L., Brutto, D., Marzialetti, S., Hopla, E., Ramsay, E., and Fielding, H.: The Humber Regional Environmental Characterisation, Open Report OR/10/54, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, 357 pp., 2011.
Tarasov, L. and Peltier, W. R.: Greenland glacial history and local
geodynamic consequences, Geophys. J. Int., 150, 198–229,
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01702.x, 2002.
Tarasov, L., Dyke, A. S., Neal, R. M., and Peltier, W. R.: A data-calibrated
distribution of deglacial chronologies for the North American ice complex
from glaciological modeling, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 315–316, 30–40,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.010, 2012.
Tarasov, L., Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, O. S., Mangerud, J.
and Svendsen, J.-I.: The global GLAC-1c deglaciation chronology, melwater
pulse 1-a, and a question of missing ice, in: IGS Symposium on Contribution
of Glaciers and Ice Sheets to Sea-Level Change, 25–30 May 2014, Chamonix, 2014.
Tizzard, L., Bicket, A. R., Benjamin, J. and De Loecker, D.: A Middle
Palaeolithic site in the southern North Sea: Investigating the archaeology
and palaeogeography of Area 240, J. Quaternary Sci., 29, 698–710,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2743, 2014.
Toucanne, S., Zaragosi, S., Bourillet, J.-F., Marieu, V., Cremer, M.,
Kageyama, M., Van Vliet-Lanoë, B., Eynaud, F., Turon, J.-L., and Gibbard,
P. L.: The first estimation of Fleuve Manche palaeoriver discharge during
the last deglaciation: Evidence for Fennoscandian ice sheet meltwater flow
in the English Channel ca 20–18 ka ago, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 290,
459–473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.050, 2010.
Toucanne, S., Soulet, G., Freslon, N., Silva Jacinto, R., Dennielou, B.,
Zaragosi, S., Eynaud, F., Bourillet, J.-F., and Bayon, G.: Millennial-scale
fluctuations of the European Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial, and
their potential impact on global climate, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 123, 113–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.010, 2015.
Valdes, P. J., Armstrong, E., Badger, M. P. S., Bradshaw, C. D., Bragg, F.,
Crucifix, M., Davies-Barnard, T., Day, J., Farnsworth, A., Gordon, C.,
Hopcroft, P. O., Kennedy, A. T., Lord, N. S., Lunt, D. J., Marzocchi, A.,
Parry, L. M., Pope, V., Roberts, W. H. G., Stone, E. J., Tourte, G. J. L.,
and Williams, J. H. T.: The BRIDGE HadCM3 family of climate models:
HadCM3@Bristol v1.0, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3715–3743,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017, 2017.
Vandenberghe, J.: A typology of Pleistocene cold-based rivers, Quatern. Int.,
79, 111–121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(00)00127-0, 2001.
van Heteren, S., Meekes, J. A. C., Bakker, M. A. J., Gaffney, V., Fitch, S.,
Gearey, B. R., and Paap, B. F.: Reconstructing North Sea palaeolandscapes
from 3D and high-density 2D seismic data: An overview, Neth. J. Geosci. – Geol. en Mijnb., 93, 31–42, https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2014.4, 2014.
Wessex Archaeology: Teesside A & B – Environmental Statement Chapter 18
Appendix A – Archaeology and Cultural History Technical Report, available at: https://subseacablesuk.org.uk/ftp/Dogger Bank Teesside A& B Offshore Wind Farm/6. Environmental Statement/Environmental StatementChapter Appendices/Chapter 18 Appendices/6.18.1 ES Chapter 18 AppendixA.pdf (last access: 22 October 2020), 2014.
Zernitz, E. R.: Drainage Patterns and Their Significance, J. Geol., 40,
498–521, https://doi.org/10.1086/623976, 1932.
Short summary
During the last ice age, sea level was lower, and the North Sea was land. The margin of a large ice sheet was at Dogger Bank in the North Sea. This ice sheet formed large rivers. After the ice sheet retreated down from the high point of Dogger Bank, the rivers had no water supply and dried out. Increased precipitation during the 15 000 years of land exposure at Dogger Bank formed a new drainage network. This study shows how glaciation and climate changes can control how drainage networks evolve.
During the last ice age, sea level was lower, and the North Sea was land. The margin of a large...
