Articles | Volume 9, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Groundwater erosion of coastal gullies along the Canterbury coast (New Zealand): a rapid and episodic process controlled by rainfall intensity and substrate variability
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Marine Geology and Seafloor Surveying, Department of Geosciences,
University of Malta, Msida, Malta
Remus Marchis
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury,
Christchurch, New Zealand
Nader Saadatkhah
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Potpreecha Pondthai
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
Mark E. Everett
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
Anca Avram
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences,
Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Alida Timar-Gabor
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences,
Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Denis Cohen
Marine Geology and Seafloor Surveying, Department of Geosciences,
University of Malta, Msida, Malta
Rachel Preca Trapani
Marine Geology and Seafloor Surveying, Department of Geosciences,
University of Malta, Msida, Malta
Bradley A. Weymer
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
Phillipe Wernette
School of the Environment, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Cited
10 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Testing the potential of using fine quartz for dating loess in South Island, New Zealand A. Avram et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2022.106788
- Grass roots on gully bed inhibit plunge pool development but have a limited influence on headcut retreat: a case study based on an in-situ experiment in dry-hot valley of southwest China Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109645
- Advancing gully topographic threshold analysis using an automated algorithm and high-resolution topography S. Walker et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.107897
- An experimental study of drainage network development by surface and subsurface flow in low-gradient landscapes B. Sockness & K. Gran https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-581-2022
- Tiny niche terrain induces gully headcut retreat C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5829
- Coastal gullies formed by piping on a permafrost marine terrace near Iqaluktuuttiaq (Cambridge Bay), Nunavut, Canada S. Gagnon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109905
- How Can the Morphometric Characteristics and Failure Conditions of a Historic Gully Caused by Intense Rainfall Be Reconstructed? C. Rault et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3010020
- The Role of Fluid Seepage in the Erosion of Mesozoic Carbonate Escarpments A. Micallef et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006387
- Groundwater seepage is a key driver of theater-headed valley formation in limestone A. Micallef et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G49938.1
- Headwall scour hole erosion and overhanging mass collapse play critical roles in gully head retreat on grassland under surface flow H. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108301
10 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Testing the potential of using fine quartz for dating loess in South Island, New Zealand A. Avram et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2022.106788
- Grass roots on gully bed inhibit plunge pool development but have a limited influence on headcut retreat: a case study based on an in-situ experiment in dry-hot valley of southwest China Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2025.109645
- Advancing gully topographic threshold analysis using an automated algorithm and high-resolution topography S. Walker et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2024.107897
- An experimental study of drainage network development by surface and subsurface flow in low-gradient landscapes B. Sockness & K. Gran https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-581-2022
- Tiny niche terrain induces gully headcut retreat C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5829
- Coastal gullies formed by piping on a permafrost marine terrace near Iqaluktuuttiaq (Cambridge Bay), Nunavut, Canada S. Gagnon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109905
- How Can the Morphometric Characteristics and Failure Conditions of a Historic Gully Caused by Intense Rainfall Be Reconstructed? C. Rault et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth3010020
- The Role of Fluid Seepage in the Erosion of Mesozoic Carbonate Escarpments A. Micallef et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006387
- Groundwater seepage is a key driver of theater-headed valley formation in limestone A. Micallef et al. https://doi.org/10.1130/G49938.1
- Headwall scour hole erosion and overhanging mass collapse play critical roles in gully head retreat on grassland under surface flow H. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108301
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Jun 2026
Short summary
We study coastal gullies along the Canterbury coast of New Zealand using field observations, sample analyses, drones, satellites, geophysical instruments and modelling. We show that these coastal gullies form when rainfall intensity is higher than 40 mm per day. The coastal gullies are formed by landslides where buried channels or sand lenses are located. This information allows us to predict where coastal gullies may form in the future.
We study coastal gullies along the Canterbury coast of New Zealand using field observations,...