Articles | Volume 6, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1115-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1115-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Nov 2018
Research article |
| 23 Nov 2018
| 23 Nov 2018
Impacts of a large flood along a mountain river basin: the importance of channel widening and estimating the large wood budget in the upper Emme River (Switzerland)
Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard
Carl-Vogt 66, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Alexandre Badoux
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903
Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Dieter Rickenmann
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903
Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Martin Böckli
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903
Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Salome Schläfli
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse
1+3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
Nicolas Steeb
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903
Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Markus Stoffel
Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard
Carl-Vogt 66, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 13 rue des
Maraîchers, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences,
University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Christian Rickli
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903
Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Related authors
Diego Ravazzolo, Luca Mao, Bruno Mazzorana, and Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2053–2058, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2053-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2053-2017, 2017
Jérôme Lopez-Saez, Christophe Corona, Lenka Slamova, Matthias Huss, Valérie Daux, Kurt Nicolussi, and Markus Stoffel
Clim. Past, 20, 1251–1267, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1251-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1251-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in the European Alps have been retreating since the 1850s. Monitoring glacier mass balance is vital for understanding global changes, but only a few glaciers have long-term data. This study aims to reconstruct the mass balance of the Silvretta Glacier in the Swiss Alps using stable isotopes and tree ring proxies. Results indicate increased glacier mass until the 19th century, followed by a sharp decline after the Little Ice Age with accelerated losses due to anthropogenic warming.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Nicolas Steeb, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, Alexandre Badoux, Christian Rickli, Andrea Mini, Markus Stoffel, and Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 487–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Various models have been used in science and practice to estimate how much large wood (LW) can be supplied to rivers. This contribution reviews the existing models proposed in the last 35 years and compares two of the most recent spatially explicit models by applying them to 40 catchments in Switzerland. Differences in modelling results are discussed, and results are compared to available observations coming from a unique database.
Dieter Rickenmann, Lorenz Ammann, Tobias Nicollier, Stefan Boss, Bruno Fritschi, Gilles Antoniazza, Nicolas Steeb, Zheng Chen, Carlos Wyss, and Alexandre Badoux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1165–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Swiss plate geophone system has been installed and tested in more than 20 steep gravel-bed streams. It is an indirect bedload transport measuring system. We compare the performance of this system with three alternative surrogate measuring systems, using calibration measurements with direct bedload samples from three field sites and an outdoor flume facility. Three of the four systems resulted in robust calibration relations between signal impulse counts and transported bedload mass.
Tobias Nicollier, Gilles Antoniazza, Lorenz Ammann, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 929–951, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring sediment transport is relevant for flood safety and river restoration. However, the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport processes makes their prediction challenging. We investigate the feasibility of a general calibration relationship between sediment transport rates and the impact signals recorded by metal plates installed in the channel bed. We present a new calibration method based on flume experiments and apply it to an extensive dataset of field measurements.
Heli Huhtamaa, Markus Stoffel, and Christophe Corona
Clim. Past, 18, 2077–2092, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2077-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2077-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Tree-ring data and written sources from northern Fennoscandia reveal that large 17th century eruptions had considerable climatic, agricultural, and socioeconomic impacts far away from the eruption locations. Yet, micro-regional investigation shows that the human consequences were commonly indirect, as various factors, like agro-ecosystems, resource availability, institutions, and personal networks, dictated how the volcanic cold pulses and related crop failures materialized on a societal level.
Helen Mackay, Gill Plunkett, Britta J. L. Jensen, Thomas J. Aubry, Christophe Corona, Woon Mi Kim, Matthew Toohey, Michael Sigl, Markus Stoffel, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Christoph Raible, Matthew S. M. Bolton, Joseph G. Manning, Timothy P. Newfield, Nicola Di Cosmo, Francis Ludlow, Conor Kostick, Zhen Yang, Lisa Coyle McClung, Matthew Amesbury, Alistair Monteath, Paul D. M. Hughes, Pete G. Langdon, Dan Charman, Robert Booth, Kimberley L. Davies, Antony Blundell, and Graeme T. Swindles
Clim. Past, 18, 1475–1508, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1475-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1475-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the climatic and societal impact of the 852/3 CE Alaska Mount Churchill eruption using environmental reconstructions, historical records and climate simulations. The eruption is associated with significant Northern Hemisphere summer cooling, despite having only a moderate sulfate-based climate forcing potential; however, evidence of a widespread societal response is lacking. We discuss the difficulties of confirming volcanic impacts of a single eruption even when it is precisely dated.
Markus Stoffel, Christophe Corona, Francis Ludlow, Michael Sigl, Heli Huhtamaa, Emmanuel Garnier, Samuli Helama, Sébastien Guillet, Arlene Crampsie, Katrin Kleemann, Chantal Camenisch, Joseph McConnell, and Chaochao Gao
Clim. Past, 18, 1083–1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1083-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1083-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The mid-17th century saw several volcanic eruptions, deteriorating climate, political instability, and famine in Europe, China, and Japan. We analyze impacts of the eruptions on climate but also study their socio-political context. We show that an unambiguous distinction of volcanic cooling or wetting from natural climate variability is not straightforward. It also shows that political instability, poor harvest, and famine cannot only be attributed to volcanic climatic impacts.
Sam White, Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Davide Zanchettin, Heli Huhtamaa, Dagomar Degroot, Markus Stoffel, and Christophe Corona
Clim. Past, 18, 739–757, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines whether the 1600 Huaynaputina volcano eruption triggered persistent cooling in the North Atlantic. It compares previous paleoclimate simulations with new climate reconstructions from natural proxies and historical documents and finds that the reconstructions are consistent with, but do not support, an eruption trigger for persistent cooling. The study also analyzes societal impacts of climatic change in ca. 1600 and the use of historical observations in model–data comparison.
Zheng Chen, Siming He, Tobias Nicollier, Lorenz Ammann, Alexandre Badoux, and Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 279–300, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-279-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-279-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Bedload flux quantification remains challenging in river dynamics due to variable transport modes. We used a passive monitoring device to record the acoustic signals generated by the impacts of bedload particles with different transport modes, and established the relationship between the triggered signals and bedload characteristics. The findings of this study could improve our understanding of the monitoring system and bedload transport process, and contribute to bedload size classification.
Luuk Dorren, Frédéric Berger, Franck Bourrier, Nicolas Eckert, Charalampos Saroglou, Massimiliano Schwarz, Markus Stoffel, Daniel Trappmann, Hans-Heini Utelli, and Christine Moos
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-32, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2022-32, 2022
Publication in NHESS not foreseen
Short summary
Short summary
In the daily practice of rockfall hazard analysis, trajectory simulations are used to delimit runout zones. To do so, the expert needs to separate "realistic" from "unrealistic" simulated groups of trajectories. This is often done on the basis of reach probability values. This paper provides a basis for choosing a reach probability threshold value for delimiting the rockfall runout zone, based on recordings and simulations of recent rockfall events at 18 active rockfall sites in Europe.
Jacob Hirschberg, Alexandre Badoux, Brian W. McArdell, Elena Leonarduzzi, and Peter Molnar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2773–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2773-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2773-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Debris-flow prediction is often based on rainfall thresholds, but uncertainty assessments are rare. We established rainfall thresholds using two approaches and find that 25 debris flows are needed for uncertainties to converge in an Alpine basin and that the suitable method differs for regional compared to local thresholds. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of a statistical learning algorithm to improve threshold performance. These findings are helpful for early warning system development.
Guoxiong Zheng, Martin Mergili, Adam Emmer, Simon Allen, Anming Bao, Hao Guo, and Markus Stoffel
The Cryosphere, 15, 3159–3180, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3159-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3159-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on a recent glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) event that occurred on 26 June 2020 in Tibet, China. We find that this event was triggered by a debris landslide from a steep lateral moraine. As the relationship between the long-term evolution of the lake and its likely landslide trigger revealed by a time series of satellite images, this case provides strong evidence that it can be plausibly linked to anthropogenic climate change.
Peter M. Abbott, Gill Plunkett, Christophe Corona, Nathan J. Chellman, Joseph R. McConnell, John R. Pilcher, Markus Stoffel, and Michael Sigl
Clim. Past, 17, 565–585, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-565-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-565-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanic eruptions are a key source of climatic variability, and greater understanding of their past influence will increase the accuracy of future projections. We use volcanic ash from a 1477 CE Icelandic eruption in a Greenlandic ice core as a temporal fix point to constrain the timing of two eruptions in the 1450s CE and their climatic impact. Despite being the most explosive Icelandic eruption in the last 1200 years, the 1477 CE event had a limited impact on Northern Hemisphere climate.
Andreas Kääb, Tazio Strozzi, Tobias Bolch, Rafael Caduff, Håkon Trefall, Markus Stoffel, and Alexander Kokarev
The Cryosphere, 15, 927–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present a map of rock glacier motion over parts of the northern Tien Shan and time series of surface speed for six of them over almost 70 years.
This is by far the most detailed investigation of this kind available for central Asia.
We detect a 2- to 4-fold increase in rock glacier motion between the 1950s and present, which we attribute to atmospheric warming.
Relative to the shrinking glaciers in the region, this implies increased importance of periglacial sediment transport.
Georgios Maniatis, Trevor Hoey, Rebecca Hodge, Dieter Rickenmann, and Alexandre Badoux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 1067–1099, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-1067-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-1067-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
One of the most interesting problems in geomorphology concerns the conditions that mobilise sediments grains in rivers. Newly developed
smartpebbles allow for the measurement of those conditions directly if a suitable framework for analysis is followed. This paper connects such a framework with the physics used to described sediment motion and presents a series of laboratory and field smart-pebble deployments. Those quantify how grain shape affects the motion of coarse sediments in rivers.
Michael Fehlmann, Mario Rohrer, Annakaisa von Lerber, and Markus Stoffel
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 4683–4698, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4683-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4683-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Thies disdrometer is used to monitor precipitation intensity and its phase and thus may provide valuable information for the management of meteorological and hydrological risks. In this study, we characterize biases of this instrument using common reference instruments at a pre-alpine study site in Switzerland. We find a systematic underestimation of liquid precipitation amounts and suggest possible reasons for and corrections to this bias and relate these findings to other study sites.
Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Marina V. Fonti, Matthias Saurer, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Patrick Fonti, Vladimir S. Myglan, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Oksana V. Naumova, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Alexander V. Shashkin, Irina P. Panyushkina, Ulf Büntgen, Malcolm K. Hughes, Eugene A. Vaganov, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Markus Stoffel
Clim. Past, 15, 685–700, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a unique dataset of multiple tree-ring and stable isotope parameters, representing temperature-sensitive Siberian ecotones, to assess climatic impacts after six large stratospheric volcanic eruptions at 535, 540, 1257, 1640, 1815, and 1991 CE. Besides the well-documented effects of temperature derived from tree-ring width and latewood density, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree-ring cellulose provide information about moisture and sunshine duration changes after the events.
Martin Beniston, Daniel Farinotti, Markus Stoffel, Liss M. Andreassen, Erika Coppola, Nicolas Eckert, Adriano Fantini, Florie Giacona, Christian Hauck, Matthias Huss, Hendrik Huwald, Michael Lehning, Juan-Ignacio López-Moreno, Jan Magnusson, Christoph Marty, Enrique Morán-Tejéda, Samuel Morin, Mohamed Naaim, Antonello Provenzale, Antoine Rabatel, Delphine Six, Johann Stötter, Ulrich Strasser, Silvia Terzago, and Christian Vincent
The Cryosphere, 12, 759–794, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper makes a rather exhaustive overview of current knowledge of past, current, and future aspects of cryospheric issues in continental Europe and makes a number of reflections of areas of uncertainty requiring more attention in both scientific and policy terms. The review paper is completed by a bibliography containing 350 recent references that will certainly be of value to scholars engaged in the fields of glacier, snow, and permafrost research.
Diego Ravazzolo, Luca Mao, Bruno Mazzorana, and Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2053–2058, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2053-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-2053-2017, 2017
Albrecht von Boetticher, Jens M. Turowski, Brian W. McArdell, Dieter Rickenmann, Marcel Hürlimann, Christian Scheidl, and James W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3963–3978, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3963-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3963-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The open-source fluid dynamic solver presented in v. Boetticher et al. (2016) combines a Coulomb viscosplastic rheological model with a Herschel–Bulkley model based on material properties for 3-D debris flow simulations. Here, we validate the solver and illustrate the model sensitivity to water content, channel curvature, content of fine material and channel bed roughness. We simulate both laboratory-scale and large-scale debris-flow experiments, using only one of the two calibration parameters.
Dieter Rickenmann and Bruno Fritschi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 669–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-669-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-669-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Swiss plate geophone system is a bedload surrogate measuring technique. Calibration measurements for this technique were performed in two mountain streams in Austria, using geophone impulse rates (a summary value) and directly measured bedload transport rates. Implausible geophone impulse counts are discussed that were recorded during periods with smaller discharges without any bedload transport, and that are likely caused by vehicle movement very near to the measuring sites.
Dieter Rickenmann, Gilles Antoniazza, Carlos R. Wyss, Bruno Fritschi, and Stefan Boss
Proc. IAHS, 375, 5–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-375-5-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-375-5-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Bedload transport measurements were performed with acoustic sensors (geophones and accelerometers) mounted underneath impact plates during summer 2015 in the Albula River in Switzerland. The measurements showed that the signal response in terms of geophone and accelerometer impulses is comparable for both types of sensors and that there is a good correlation between discharge data and impulses recorded by both types of sensors.
Christine Moos, Luuk Dorren, and Markus Stoffel
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 291–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-291-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-291-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of forests on the occurrence frequency and intensity of rockfalls. This was done based on 3-D rockfall simulations for different forest and non-forest scenarios on a virtual slope. The rockfall frequency and intensity below forested slopes is significantly reduced. Statistical models provide information on how specific forest and terrain parameters influence this reduction and they allow prediction and quantification of the forest effect.
Alexandre Badoux, Norina Andres, Frank Techel, and Christoph Hegg
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2747–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2747-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2747-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A database of fatalities caused by natural hazards in Switzerland was compiled for the period from 1946 to 2015: in 70 years, 635 events occurred causing 1023 fatalities. The most common causes of death were snow avalanches (37 %), followed by lightning (16 %), floods (12 %), windstorms (10 %), rockfalls (8 %) and landslides (7 %). The annual number of victims showed a distinct decrease over time. In comparison to other countries, the natural hazard mortality rate in Switzerland is quite low.
Albrecht von Boetticher, Jens M. Turowski, Brian W. McArdell, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2909–2923, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2909-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2909-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are characterized by unsteady flows of water with different content of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and large particles, resulting in a dense moving mixture mass. Here we present a three-dimensional fluid dynamic solver that simulates the flow as a mixture of a pressure-dependent rheology model of the gravel mixed with a Herschel–Bulkley rheology of the fine material suspension. We link rheological parameters to the material composition. The user must specify two free model parameters.
J. C. Peña, L. Schulte, A. Badoux, M. Barriendos, and A. Barrera-Escoda
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3807–3827, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3807-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3807-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents an index of summer flood damage in Switzerland from 1800 to 2009 and explores the influence of solar forcing, climate variability and low-frequency atmospheric circulation on flood frequencies. The flood damage index provides evidence that the 1817-1851, 1881-1927, 1977-1990 and 2005-present flood clusters are mostly in phase with palaeoclimate proxies and solar activity minima. Floods are influenced by atmospheric instability related to the principal summer mode.
A. von Boetticher, J. M. Turowski, B. W. McArdell, D. Rickenmann, M. Hürlimann, C. Scheidl, and J. W. Kirchner
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-6379-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-8-6379-2015, 2015
Preprint withdrawn
M. Jochner, J. M. Turowski, A. Badoux, M. Stoffel, and C. Rickli
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 311–320, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-311-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-311-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The export of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) from mountain catchments seems to be strongly linked to rising discharge, but the mechanism leading to this is unclear. We show that log jams in a steep headwater stream are an effective barrier for CPOM export. Exceptional discharge events play a dual role: First, they destroy existing jams, releasing stored material. Second, they intensify channel--hillslope coupling, thereby recruiting logs to the channel, around which new jams can form.
F. U. M. Heimann, D. Rickenmann, J. M. Turowski, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 15–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-15-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-15-2015, 2015
F. U. M. Heimann, D. Rickenmann, M. Böckli, A. Badoux, J. M. Turowski, and J. W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 35–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-35-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-35-2015, 2015
H. Frey, H. Machguth, M. Huss, C. Huggel, S. Bajracharya, T. Bolch, A. Kulkarni, A. Linsbauer, N. Salzmann, and M. Stoffel
The Cryosphere, 8, 2313–2333, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2313-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-2313-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Existing methods (area–volume relations, a slope-dependent volume estimation method, and two ice-thickness distribution models) are used to estimate the ice reserves stored in Himalayan–Karakoram glaciers. Resulting volumes range from 2955–4737km³. Results from the ice-thickness distribution models agree well with local measurements; volume estimates from area-related relations exceed the estimates from the other approaches. Evidence on the effect of the selected method on results is provided.
A. Badoux, N. Andres, and J. M. Turowski
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 279–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-279-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-279-2014, 2014
J. M. Turowski, A. Badoux, K. Bunte, C. Rickli, N. Federspiel, and M. Jochner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 1, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-1-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-1-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Role of the forcing sources in morphodynamic modelling of an embayed beach
A machine learning approach to the geomorphometric detection of ribbed moraines in Norway
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics: the case of Shap granite, UK
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: A target dataset for dynamic topography models
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Path length and sediment transport estimation from DEMs of difference: a signal processing approach
Influence of cohesive clay on wave–current ripple dynamics captured in a 3D phase diagram
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 1: Erosion dynamics
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 2: Suspended sediment dynamics
Geomorphological and hydrological controls on sediment export in earthquake-affected catchments in the Nepal Himalaya
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 2: Probabilistic analysis
Field monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows at Ohya landslide scar, Japan
Analysis of autogenic bifurcation processes resulting in river avulsion
Bedload transport fluctuations, flow conditions, and disequilibrium ratio at the Swiss Erlenbach stream: results from 27 years of high-resolution temporal measurements
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 1: convolutional-neural-network-based semantic segmentation for water detection
Coexistence of two dune scales in a lowland river
Alpine hillslope failure in the western US: insights from the Chaos Canyon landslide, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Using repeat UAV-based laser scanning and multispectral imagery to explore eco-geomorphic feedbacks along a river corridor
Numerical modelling of the evolution of a river reach with a complex morphology to help define future sustainable restoration decisions
Method to evaluate large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation associated with sediment erosion and deposition
Effects of seasonal variations in vegetation and precipitation on catchment erosion rates along a climate and ecological gradient: insights from numerical modeling
On the use of convolutional deep learning to predict shoreline change
On the use of packing models for the prediction of fluvial sediment porosity
Automated riverbed composition analysis using deep learning on underwater images
Marsh-induced backwater: the influence of non-fluvial sedimentation on a delta's channel morphology and kinematics
Spatial and temporal variations in rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be in medial moraines at five valley glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla, Switzerland
Building a bimodal landscape: bedrock lithology and bed thickness controls on the morphology of Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA
Geotechnical controls on erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
Linear-stability analysis of plane beds under flows with suspended loads
Estimating surface water availability in high mountain rock slopes using a numerical energy balance model
Sediment source and sink identification using Sentinel-2 and a small network of turbidimeters on the Vjosa River
Spatiotemporal bedload transport patterns over two-dimensional bedforms
Ice-buttressing-controlled rock slope failure on a cirque headwall, Lake District, UK
The probabilistic nature of dune collisions in 2D
Shape still matters: rockfall interactions with trees and deadwood in a mountain forest uncover a new facet of rock shape dependency
Earthquake contributions to coastal cliff retreat
Morphologic and morphometric differences between gullies formed in different substrates on Mars: new insights into the gully formation processes
Testing the sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood landscape evolution model to grid cell size
Nil Carrion-Bertran, Albert Falqués, Francesca Ribas, Daniel Calvete, Rinse de Swart, Ruth Durán, Candela Marco-Peretó, Marta Marcos, Angel Amores, Tim Toomey, Àngels Fernández-Mora, and Jorge Guillén
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity to the wave and sea-level forcing sources in predicting a 6-month embayed beach evolution is assessed using two different morphodynamic models. After a successful model calibration using in situ data, other sources are applied. The wave source choice is critical: hindcast data provide wrong results due to an angle bias, whilst the correct dynamics are recovered with the wave conditions from an offshore buoy. The use of different sea-level sources gives no significant differences.
Thomas J. Barnes, Thomas V. Schuler, Simon Filhol, and Karianne S. Lilleøren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 801–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use machine learning to automatically outline landforms based on their characteristics. We test several methods to identify the most accurate and then proceed to develop the most accurate to improve its accuracy further. We manage to outline landforms with 65 %–75 % accuracy, at a resolution of 10 m, thanks to high-quality/high-resolution elevation data. We find that it is possible to run this method at a country scale to quickly produce landform inventories for future studies.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 33 % of ice cliffs are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains unexplored in landscape evolution. Using digital evolution models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for how volcano basins develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 691–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a framework for generating risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This framework uses concepts from probability theory to learn the river migration model's parameter values from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that do not explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John R. Gardner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 581–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the profound impact of deforestation in the Amazon on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand the consequences of human activity for our planet's future.
Jacob Hardt, Tim P. Dooley, and Michael R. Hudec
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Edge rounding in Shap granite glacial erratics is an irregular function of distance from the source outcrop in northern England, UK. Block shape is conservative, evolving according to block fracture mechanics – stochastic and silver ratio models – towards either of two attractor states. Progressive reduction in size occurs for blocks transported at the sole of the ice mass where the blocks are subject to compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting against a bedrock or till surface.
Andrew Hollyday, Maureen E. Raymo, Jacqueline Austermann, Fred Richards, Mark Hoggard, and Alessio Rovere
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2099, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level was significantly higher during the Pliocene Epoch, around three million years ago. The present-day elevations of shorelines that formed in the past provide data constraint on the extent of ice sheet melt and the global sea level response under warm Pliocene conditions. In this study, we identify ten escarpments that formed from wavecut erosion during Pliocene times and compare their elevations with model predictions of solid Earth deformation processes to estimate past sea level.
Gary Parker, Chenge An, Michael P. Lamb, Marcelo H. Garcia, Elizabeth H. Dingle, and Jeremy G. Venditti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River morphology has traditionally been divided by the size 2 mm. We use dimensionless arguments to show that particles in the 1–5 mm range (i) are the finest range not easily suspended by alluvial flood flows, (ii) are transported preferentially over coarser gravel, and (iii), within limits, are also transported preferentially over sand. We show how fluid viscosity mediates the special status of sediment in this range.
Lindsay Marie Capito, Enrico Pandrin, Walter Bertoldi, Nicola Surian, and Simone Bizzi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 321–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose that the pattern of erosion and deposition from repeat topographic surveys can be a proxy for path length in gravel-bed rivers. With laboratory and field data, we applied tools from signal processing to quantify this periodicity and used these path length estimates to calculate sediment transport using the morphological method. Our results highlight the potential to expand the use of the morphological method using only remotely sensed data as well as its limitations.
Xuxu Wu, Jonathan Malarkey, Roberto Fernández, Jaco H. Baas, Ellen Pollard, and Daniel R. Parsons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The seabed changes from flat to rippled in response to the frictional influence of waves and currents. This experimental study has shown that the speed of this change, the size of ripples that result and even whether ripples appear also depend on the amount of sticky mud present. This new classification on the basis of initial mud content should lead to improvements in models of seabed change in present environments by engineers and the interpretation of past environments by geologists.
Andrea D'Alpaos, Davide Tognin, Laura Tommasini, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment erosion induced by wind waves is one of the main drivers of the morphological evolution of shallow tidal environments. However, a reliable description of erosion events for the long-term morphodynamic modelling of tidal systems is still lacking. By statistically characterizing sediment erosion dynamics in the Venice Lagoon over the last 4 centuries, we set up a novel framework for a synthetic, yet reliable, description of erosion events in tidal systems.
Davide Tognin, Andrea D'Alpaos, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of sediment transport processes is necessary to understand the fate of shallow tidal environments. Here we present a framework for the description of suspended sediment dynamics to quantify deposition in the long-term modelling of shallow tidal systems. This characterization, together with that of erosion events, allows one to set up synthetic, yet reliable, models for the long-term evolution of tidal landscapes.
Emma L. S. Graf, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikaël Attal, Boris Gailleton, Basanta Raj Adhikari, and Bishnu Raj Baral
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 135–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite images, we show that, unlike other examples of earthquake-affected rivers, the rivers of central Nepal experienced little increase in sedimentation following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Instead, a catastrophic flood occurred in 2021 that buried towns and agricultural land under up to 10 m of sediment. We show that intense storms remobilised glacial sediment from high elevations causing much a greater impact than flushing of earthquake-induced landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listening to the acoustic noise generated by particle impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 105–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a detailed characterization of the frequency, intensity and duration of flooding events at a site along the Texas coast. Our analysis demonstrates the suitability of relatively simple wave run-up models to estimate the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. Our results validate and expand a probabilistic model of coastal flooding driven by wave run-up that can then be used in coastal risk management in response to sea level rise.
Shunsuke Oya, Fumitoshi Imaizumi, and Shoki Takayama
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 67–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows was performed at Ohya landslide scar, central Japan. The pore water pressure in some partly saturated flows greatly exceeded the hydrostatic pressure. The depth gradient of the pore water pressure in the lower part of the flow was generally higher than the upper part of the flow. We conclude that excess pore water pressure is present in many debris flow surges and is an important mechanism in debris flow behavior.
Gabriele Barile, Marco Redolfi, and Marco Tubino
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River bifurcations often show the closure of one branch (avulsion), whose causes are still poorly understood. Our model shows that when one branch stops transporting sediments, the other considerably erodes and captures much more flow, resulting in a self-sustaining process. This phenomenon intensifies when increasing the length of the branches, eventually leading to branch closure. This work may help to understand when avulsions occur and thus to design sustainable river restoration projects.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal flooding can cause significant damage to coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities and is expected to increase in frequency with the acceleration of sea level rise. In order to respond to it, it is crucial to measure and model their frequency and intensity. Here, we show deep-learning techniques can be successfully used to automatically detect flooding events from complex coastal imagery, opening the way to real-time monitoring and data acquisition for model development.
Judith Y. Zomer, Bart Vermeulen, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1283–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary bedforms that are superimposed on large, primary dunes likely play a large role in fluvial systems. This study demonstrates that they can be omnipresent. Especially during peak flows, they grow large and can have steep slopes, likely affecting flood risk and sediment transport dynamics. Primary dune morphology determines whether they continuously or intermittently migrate. During discharge peaks, the secondary bedforms can become the dominant dune scale.
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Christopher Tomsett and Julian Leyland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1223–1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation influences how rivers change through time, yet the way in which we analyse vegetation is limited. Current methods collect detailed data at the individual plant level or determine dominant vegetation types across larger areas. Herein, we use UAVs to collect detailed vegetation datasets for a 1 km length of river and link vegetation properties to channel evolution occurring within the study site, providing a new method for investigating the influence of vegetation on river systems.
Rabab Yassine, Ludovic Cassan, Hélène Roux, Olivier Frysou, and François Pérès
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1199–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting river morphology evolution is very complicated, especially for mountain rivers with complex morphologies such as the Lac des Gaves reach in France. A 2D hydromorphological model was developed to reproduce the channel's evolution and provide reliable volumetric predictions while revealing the challenge of choosing adapted sediment transport and friction laws. Our model can provide decision-makers with reliable predictions to design suitable restoration measures for this reach.
Daisuke Harada and Shinji Egashira
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1183–1197, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for describing large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation and the storage equation, which are associated with active sediment erosion and deposition. Compared to the existing Lagrangian method, the proposed method can easily simulate the behavior of large wood in the flow field with active sediment transport. The method is applied to the flood disaster in the Akatani River in 2017, and the 2-D flood flow computations are successfully performed.
Hemanti Sharma and Todd A. Ehlers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1161–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonality in precipitation (P) and vegetation (V) influences catchment erosion (E), although which factor plays the dominant role is unclear. In this study, we performed a sensitivity analysis of E to P–V seasonality through numerical modeling. Our results suggest that P variations strongly influence seasonal variations in E, while the effect of seasonal V variations is secondary but significant. This is more pronounced in moderate and least pronounced in extreme environmental settings.
Eduardo Gomez-de la Peña, Giovanni Coco, Colin Whittaker, and Jennifer Montaño
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1145–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting how shorelines change over time is a major challenge in coastal research. We here have turned to deep learning (DL), a data-driven modelling approach, to predict the movement of shorelines using observations from a camera system in New Zealand. The DL models here implemented succeeded in capturing the variability and distribution of the observed shoreline data. Overall, these findings indicate that DL has the potential to enhance the accuracy of current shoreline change predictions.
Christoph Rettinger, Mina Tabesh, Ulrich Rüde, Stefan Vollmer, and Roy M. Frings
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1097–1115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Packing models promise efficient and accurate porosity predictions of fluvial sediment deposits. In this study, three packing models were reviewed, calibrated, and validated. Only two of the models were able to handle the continuous and large grain size distributions typically encountered in rivers. We showed that an extension by a cohesion model is necessary and developed guidelines for successful predictions in different rivers.
Alexander A. Ermilov, Gergely Benkő, and Sándor Baranya
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1061–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel, artificial-intelligence-based riverbed sediment analysis methodology is introduced that uses underwater images to identify the characteristic sediment classes. The main novelties of the procedure are as follows: underwater images are used, the method enables continuous mapping of the riverbed along the measurement vessel’s route contrary to conventional techniques, the method is cost-efficient, and the method works without scaling.
Kelly M. Sanks, John B. Shaw, Samuel M. Zapp, José Silvestre, Ripul Dutt, and Kyle M. Straub
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1035–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
River deltas encompass many depositional environments (like channels and wetlands) that interact to produce coastal environments that change through time. The processes leading to sedimentation in wetlands are often neglected from physical delta models. We show that wetland sedimentation constrains flow to the channels, changes sedimentation rates, and produces channels more akin to field-scale deltas. These results have implications for the management of these vulnerable coastal landscapes.
Katharina Wetterauer and Dirk Scherler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1013–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In glacial landscapes, debris supply rates vary spatially and temporally. Rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in medial moraine debris at five Swiss glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla indicate an increase in erosion from the end of the Little Ice Age towards deglaciation but temporally more stable rates over the last ∼100 years. Rockwall erosion rates are higher where rockwalls are steep and north-facing, suggesting a potential slope and temperature control.
Sam Anderson, Nicole Gasparini, and Joel Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured rock strength and amount of fracturing in the two different rock types, sandstones and carbonates, in Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA. Where there is more carbonate bedrock, hills and channels steepen in Last Chance Canyon. This is because the carbonate-type bedrock tends to be more thickly bedded, is less fractured, and is stronger. The carbonate bedrock produces larger boulders than the sandstone bedrock, which can protect the more fractured sandstone bedrock from erosion.
Jens M. Turowski, Gunnar Pruß, Anne Voigtländer, Andreas Ludwig, Angela Landgraf, Florian Kober, and Audrey Bonnelye
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 979–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers can cut into rocks, and their strength modulates the river's erosion rates. Yet, which properties of the rock control its response to erosive action is poorly understood. Here, we describe parallel experiments to measure rock erosion rates under fluvial impact erosion and the rock's geotechnical properties such as fracture strength, elasticity, and density. Erosion rates vary over a factor of a million between different rock types. We use the data to improve current theory.
Koji Ohata, Hajime Naruse, and Norihiro Izumi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 961–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the influence of sediment transport modes on the formation of bedforms using theoretical analysis. The results of the theoretical analysis were verified with published data of plane beds obtained by fieldwork and laboratory experiments. We found that suspended sand particles can promote the formation of plane beds on a fine-grained bed, which suggests that the presence of suspended particles suppresses the development of dunes under submarine sediment-laden gravity currents.
Matan Ben-Asher, Florence Magnin, Sebastian Westermann, Josué Bock, Emmanuel Malet, Johan Berthet, Ludovic Ravanel, and Philip Deline
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 899–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative knowledge of water availability on high mountain rock slopes is very limited. We use a numerical model and field measurements to estimate the water balance at a steep rock wall site. We show that snowmelt is the main source of water at elevations >3600 m and that snowpack hydrology and sublimation are key factors. The new information presented here can be used to improve the understanding of thermal, hydrogeological, and mechanical processes on steep mountain rock slopes.
Jessica Droujko, Srividya Hariharan Sudha, Gabriel Singer, and Peter Molnar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 881–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined data from satellite images with data measured from a kayak in order to understand the propagation of fine sediment in the Vjosa River. We were able to find some storm-activated and some permanent sources of sediment. We also estimated how much fine sediment is carried into the Adriatic Sea by the Vjosa River: approximately 2.5 Mt per year, which matches previous findings. With our work, we hope to show the potential of open-access satellite images.
Kate C. P. Leary, Leah Tevis, and Mark Schmeeckle
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 835–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the importance of bedforms (e.g., ripples, dunes) to sediment transport, the details of sediment transport on a sub-bedform scale are poorly understood. This paper investigates sediment transport in the downstream and cross-stream directions over bedforms with straight crests. We find that the patterns of bedload transport are highly variable on the sub-bedform scale, which is important for our understanding of the evolution of bedforms with complex crest geometries.
Paul A. Carling, John D. Jansen, Teng Su, Jane Lund Andersen, and Mads Faurschou Knudsen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 817–833, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many steep glaciated rock walls collapsed when the Ice Age ended. How ice supports a steep rock wall until the ice decays is poorly understood. A collapsed rock wall was surveyed in the field and numerically modelled. Cosmogenic exposure dates show it collapsed and became ice-free ca. 18 ka ago. The model showed that the rock wall failed very slowly because ice was buttressing the slope. Dating other collapsed rock walls can improve understanding of how and when the last Ice Age ended.
Paul A. Jarvis, Clement Narteau, Olivier Rozier, and Nathalie M. Vriend
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 803–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sand dune migration velocity is inversely proportional to dune size. Consequently, smaller, faster dunes can collide with larger, slower downstream dunes. Such collisions can result in either coalescence or ejection, whereby the dunes exchange mass but remain separate. Our numerical simulations show that the outcome depends probabilistically on the dune size ratio, which we describe through an empirical function. Our numerical predictions compare favourably against experimental observations.
Adrian Ringenbach, Peter Bebi, Perry Bartelt, Andreas Rigling, Marc Christen, Yves Bühler, Andreas Stoffel, and Andrin Caviezel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 779–801, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Swiss researchers carried out repeated rockfall experiments with rocks up to human sizes in a steep mountain forest. This study focuses mainly on the effects of the rock shape and lying deadwood. In forested areas, cubic-shaped rocks showed a longer mean runout distance than platy-shaped rocks. Deadwood especially reduced the runouts of these cubic rocks. The findings enrich standard practices in modern rockfall hazard zoning assessments and strongly urge the incorporation of rock shape effects.
Colin K. Bloom, Corinne Singeisen, Timothy Stahl, Andrew Howell, and Chris Massey
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 757–778, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes can cause damaging coastal cliff retreat, but we have a limited understanding of how these infrequent events influence multidecadal retreat. This makes hazard planning a challenge. In this study, we use historic aerial images to measure coastal cliff-top retreat at a site in New Zealand. We find that earthquakes account for close to half of multidecadal retreat at this site, and our results have helped us to develop tools for estimating the influence of earthquakes at other sites.
Rishitosh K. Sinha, Dwijesh Ray, Tjalling De Haas, Susan J. Conway, and Axel Noblet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 713–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our detailed investigation of Martian gullies formed in different substrates in 29 craters distributed between 30°–75° S latitude suggests that they can be differentiated from one another in terms of (1) morphology and length of alcoves and (2) mean gradient of the gully fans. The comparison between the Melton ratio, alcove length, and fan gradient of Martian and terrestrial gullies suggests that Martian gullies were likely formed by terrestrial debris-flow-like processes in the past.
Christopher J. Skinner and Thomas J. Coulthard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models allow us to simulate the way the Earth's surface is shaped and help us to understand relevant processes, in turn helping us to manage landscapes better. The models typically represent the land surface using a grid of square cells of equal size, averaging heights in those squares. This study shows that the size chosen by the modeller for these grid cells is important, with larger sizes making sediment output events larger but less frequent.
Cited articles
Abernethy, B. and Rutherfurd, I. D.: Where along a river's length will
vegetation most effectively stabilise stream banks?, Geomorphology, 23,
55–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00089-5, 1998.
Alber, A. and Piégay, H.: Spatial disaggregation and aggregation
procedures for characterizing fluvial features at the network-scale:
Application to the Rhone basin (France), Geomorphology, 125, 343–360,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.09.009, 2011.
Andres, N., Badoux, A., and Hegg, C.: Unwetterschäden in der Schweiz im
Jahre 2014, Wasser Energie Luft, 107, 47–54, 2015.
ARGE LLE Schangnau-Eggiwil: Lokale, lösungsorientierte Ereignisanalyse
(LLE) Schangnau-Eggiwil, Unwetter 24 Juli 2014, Report no. 1414 126.1,
2015.
Arnaud-Fassetta, G.: Dyke breaching and crevasse-splay sedimentary sequences
of the Rhône Delta, France, caused by extreme river- flood of December
2003, Geogr. Fis. Din. Quat., 36, 7–26, 2013.
Arnaud-Fassetta, G., Cossart, E., and Fort, M.: Hydro-geomorphic hazards and
impact of man-made structures during the catastrophic flood of June 2000 in
the Upper Guil catchment (Queyras, Southern French Alps), Geomorphology, 66,
41–67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.014, 2005.
Badoux, A., Andres, N., and Turowski, J. M.: Damage costs due to bedload transport processes in Switzerland, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 279–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-279-2014, 2014.
Badoux, A., Böckli, M., Rickenmann, D., Rickli, C., Ruiz-Villanueva, V.,
Zurbrügg, S., and Stoffel, M.: Large wood transported during the
exceptional flood event of 24 July 2014 in the Emme catchment (Switzerland),
In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference Wood in World Rivers,
Padova, Italy, July, 2015.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M., and Wilks, A. R.: The New S Language.
Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole, 1988.
Benda, L. E. and Sias, J. C.: A quantitative framework for evaluating the
mass balance of in-stream organic debris, Forest Ecol. Manag., 172, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00576-X, 2003.
Benito, G.: Energy expenditure and geomorphic work of the cataclysmic
Missoula flooding in the Columbia river Gorge, USA, Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
22, 457–472, 1997.
Bezzola, G. R. and Hegg, C. (Eds.): Ereignisanalyse Hochwasser 2005, Teil 1 –
Prozesse, Schäden und erste Einordnung, Umwelt-Wissen Nr. 0707, Bundesamt
für Umwelt BAFU, Bern), Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL, Birmensdorf,
Switzerland, 215 pp., 2007 (in German).
Bezzola, G. R. and Ruf, W.: Ereignisanalyse Hochwasser August 2007,
Umwelt-Wissen Nr. 0927, Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU, Bern, Switzerland, 209
pp., 2009 (in German).
Böckli, M., Badoux, A., Rickli, C., Forsting, D., Rickenmann, D.,
Ruiz-villanueva, V., Zurbrügg, S., and Stoffel, M.: Large wood-related
hazards during the extreme flood of 24 July 2014 in the Emme catchment
(Switzerland), in: Interpraevent 2016, 190–191, 2016.
Bracken, L. J., Turnbull, L., Wainwright, J., and Bogaart, P.: Sediment
connectivity: a framework for understanding sediment transfer at multiple
scales, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 188, 177–188,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3635, 2015.
Brassel, P. and Lischke, H.: Swiss National Forest Inventory: Methods and
models of the second assessment, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,
Birmensdorf, Switzerland, 336 pp., 2001.
Buraas, E. M., Renshaw, C. E., Magilligan, F. J., and Dade, W. B.: Impact of
reach geometry on stream channel sensitivity to extreme floods, Earth Surf.
Proc. Land., 1789, 1778–1789, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3562, 2014.
Burkhardt-Holm, P. and Scheurer, K.: Application of the weight-of-evidence
approach to assess the decline of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Swiss rivers,
Aquat. Sci., 69, 51–70, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0841-6, 2007.
Cenderelli, D. A. and Kite, J. S.: Geomorphic effects of large debris flows
on channel morphology at North Fork Mountain, eastern West Virginia, USA,
Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 23, 1–19, 1998.
Comiti, F., Lucía, A., and Rickenmann, D.: Large wood recruitment and
transport during large floods: a review, Geomorphology, 23–39,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.016, in press, 2016.
Croke, J., Fryirs, K., and Thompson, C.: Channel-floodplain connectivity
during an extreme flood event: Implications for sediment erosion, deposition,
and delivery, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 38, 1444–1456,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3430, 2013
Daniels, M. D.: Distribution and dynamics of large woody debris and organic
matter in a low-energy meandering stream, Geomorphology, 77, 286–298,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.011, 2006.
Dilts, T. E.: Polygon to Centerline Tool for ArcGIS, University of Nevada
Reno, available at:
http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=bc642731870740aabf48134f90aa6165 (last access: 29 January 2018),
2015.
Dragulescu, A. A.: xlsx: Read, write, format Excel 2007 and Excel
97/2000/XP/2003 files, R package version 0.5.7, available at:
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=xlsx (last access: 21 July 2018),
2014.
Ferreira, M.: Perpendicular Transects, GIS 4 Geomorphology, available at:
http://gis4geomorphology.com/stream-transects-partial/ (last access: 29 January 2018),
2014.
FOEN: Hydrological Yearbook of Switzerland 2014, Federal Office for the
Environment, Bern, Environmental Status no. UZ-1511-E, 36 pp., 2015.
FOEN: Hochwasserwahrscheinlichkeiten (Jahreshochwasser) Emme – Eggiwil,
Heidbüel (EDV: 2409), Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, available
at:
https://www.hydrodaten.admin.ch/lhg/sdi/hq_studien/hq_statistics/2409hq.pdf
(last access: 9 February 2018), 2017.
Fox, J.: The R Commander: A Basic Statistics Graphical User Interface to R,
J. Stat. Softw., 14, 1–42, 2005.
Fox, J.: Using the R Commander: A Point-and-Click Interface or R, Boca Raton
FL, Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, 2017.
Fox, J. and Bouchet-Valat, M.: Rcmdr: R Commander, R package version 2.3-2,
2017.
Gaume, E. and Borga, M.: Post-flood field investigations in upland
catchments after major flash floods: proposal of a methodology and
illustrations, J. Flood Risk Manag., 1, 175–189,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-318X.2008.00023.x, 2008.
Gaume, E., Livet, M., Desbordes, M., and Villeneuve, J. P.: Hydrological
analysis of the river Aude, France, flash flood on 12 and 13 November 1999,
J. Hydrol., 286, 135–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.09.015,
2004.
Gurnell, A. M.: Analogies between mineral sediment and vegetative particle
dynamics in fluvial systems, Geomorphology, 89, 9–22,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.07.012, 2007.
Hajdukiewicz, H., Wyżga, B., Mikuś, P., Zawiejska, J., and
Radecki-Pawlik, A.: Impact of a large flood on mountain river habitats,
channel morphology, and valley infrastructure, Geomorphology, 272, 55–67,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.09.003, 2015.
Harrell Jr., F. E.: Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous, R package version 4.0-2,
available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=Hmisc (last access: 21 July 2018),
2016.
Harvey, A. M.: Geomorphic effects of a 100-year storm in the Howgill Fells,
northwest England, Z. Geomorphol., 30, 71–91, 1986.
Heritage, G. L., Large, A. R. G., Moon, B. P., and Jewitt, G.: Channel
hydraulics and geomorphic effects of an extreme flood event on the Sabie
River, South Africa, Catena, 58, 151–181, 2004.
Hilker, N., Badoux, A., and Hegg, C.: The Swiss flood and landslide damage
database 1972–2007, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 913–925,
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-913-2009, 2009.
Hollis, G. E.: The effect of urbanization on floods of different recurrence
interval, Water Resour. Res., 11, 431–435, 1975.
Howard, A. and Dolan, R.: Geomorphology of the Colorado River in the Grand
Canyon, J. Geol., 89, 269–298, 1981.
Krapesch, G., Hauer, C., and Habersack, H.: Scale orientated analysis of
river width changes due to extreme flood hazards, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst.
Sci., 11, 2137–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2137-2011, 2011.
Lapointe, M. F., Secretan, Y., Driscoll, S. N., Bergeron, N., and Leclerc, M.:
Response of the River to the flood of July 1996 in the Saguenay Region of
Quebec: large-scale avulsion in a glaciated valley, Water Resour. Res., 349,
2383–2392, 1998.
Lehmann, C.: Geschiebestudie hinteres Lauterbrunnental.
Unveröffentlicht, Bericht, TBA-OIK-II, Thun, 2001.
Lin, G. W., Chen, H., Hovius, N., Horng, M. J., Dadson, S., Meunier, P., and
Lines, M.: Effects of earthquake and cyclone sequencing on landsliding and
fluvial sediment transfer in a mountain catchment, Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
33, 1354–1373, 2008.
Lucía, A., Comiti, F., Borga, M., Cavalli, M., and Marchi, L.: Dynamics of
large wood during a flash flood in two mountain catchments, Nat. Hazards
Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1741–1755, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1741-2015,
2015.
Lucía, A., Schwientek, M., Eberle, J., and Zarfl, C.: Planform changes
and large wood dynamics in two torrents during a severe flash flood in
Braunsbach, Germany 2016, Sci. Total Environ., 640–641, 315–326,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.186, 2018.
Macklin, M. G., Rumsby, B. T., and Heap, T.: Flood alluviation and
entrenchment: Holocene valley floor development and transformation in the
British uplands, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 104, 631–643, 1992.
Magilligan, F. J., Phillips, J. D., James, L. A., and Gomez, B.: Geomorphic
and Sedimentological Controls on the Effectiveness of an Extreme Flood, J.
Geol., 106, 87–96, https://doi.org/10.1086/516009, 1998.
Marchi, L. and Dalla Fontana, G.: GIS morphometric indicators for the
analysis of sediment dynamics in mountain basins, Environ. Geol., 48,
218–228, 2005.
Marchi, L., Borga, M., Preciso, E., Sangati, M., Gaume, E., Bain, V.,
Delrieu, G., Bonnifait, L., and Pogačnik, N.: Comprehensive post-event
survey of a flash flood in Western Slovenia: Observation strategy and lessons
learned, Hydrol. Process., 23, 3761–3770, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7542,
2009.
Marcus, W. A., Marston, R. A., Colvard, C. R., and Gray, R. D.: Mapping the
spatial and temporal distributions of woody debris in streams of the Greater
Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA, Geomorphology, 44, 323–335,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00181-7, 2002.
Mazzorana, B., Hübl, J., Zischg, A., and Largiader, A.: Modelling woody
material transport and deposition in alpine rivers, Nat. Hazards, 56,
425–449, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9492-y, 2011.
Mazzorana, B., Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Marchi, L., Cavalli, M., Gems, B.,
Gschnitzer, T., and Valdebenito, G.: Assessing and mitigating large
wood-related hazards in mountain streams: recent approaches, J. Flood Risk
Manag., https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12316, in press, 2017.
Merritts, D.: The effects of variable river flow on human communities, in:
Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian, and Aquatic Communities, edited by: Wohl, E. E., Cambridge
Univ. Press, New York, 271–290, 2011.
MeteoSwiss: 24–28 July 2014 Weather situation, available at:
http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/home/climate/past/climate-extremes/extreme-value-analyses/high-impact-precipitation-events/24-28-july-2014.html,
last access: 20 April 2017.
Milan, D.: Geomorphic impact and system recovery following an extreme flood
in an upland stream, Thinhope Burn, northern England, UK, Geomorphology, 138,
319–328, 2012.
Miller, A. J.: Flood hydrology and geomorphic effectiveness in the central
Appalachians, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 15, 119–134, 1990.
Nardi, L. and Rinaldi, M.: Spatio-temporal patterns of channel changes in
response to a major flood event: The case of the Magra River
(central-northern Italy), Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 40, 326–339,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3636, 2015.
R Core Team: R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R
Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, available at:
https://www.R-project.org/ (last access: 21 July 2018), 2017.
Rickenmann, D. and Koschni, A.: Sediment loads due to fluvial transport and
debris flows during the 2005 flood events in Switzerland, Hydrol. Process.,
24, 993–1007, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7536, 2010.
Rickenmann, D., Badoux, A., and Hunzinger, L.: Significance of sediment
transport processes during piedmont floods: The 2005 flood events in
Switzerland, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 230, 224–230,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3835, 2016.
Rickli, C. and Bucher, H.: Einfluss ufernaher Bestockungen auf das
Schwemmholzvorkommen in Wildbächen, Projektbericht Dezember, 2006.
Rickli, C., Böckli, M., Badoux, A., Rickenmann, D., Zurbrügg, S.,
Ruiz-Villanueva, V., and Stoffel, M.: Schwemmholztransport während des
Hochwasserereignisses vom 24 Juli 2014 im Einzugsgebiet der Emme, Wasser
Energie Luft, 108, 225–231, 2016 (in German).
Rickli, C., Badoux, A., Rickenmann, D., Steeb, N., and Waldner, P.: Large
wood potential, piece characteristics, and flood effects in Swiss mountain
streams, Phys. Geogr., 39, 542–564, https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2018.1456310,
2018.
Righini, M., Surian, N., Wohl, E., Marchi, L., Comiti, F., Amponsah, W., and
Borga, M.: Geomorphic response to an extreme flood in two Mediterranean
rivers (northeastern Sardinia, Italy): Analysis of controlling factors,
Geomorphology, 290, 184–199,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.014, 2017.
Rigon, E., Comiti, F., and Lenzi, M. A.: Large wood storage in streams of
the Eastern Italian Alps and the relevance of hillslope processes, Water
Resour. Res., 48, W01518, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009854, 2012.
Rinaldi, M., Surian, N., Comiti, F., and Bussettini, M.: A methodological
framework for hydromorphological assessment, analysis and monitoring (IDRAIM)
aimed at promoting integrated river management, Geomorphology, 251, 122–136,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.010, 2015.
Rinaldi, M., Amponsah, W., Benvenuti, M., Borga, M., Comiti, F., Lucía,
A., Marchi, L., Nardi, L., Righini, M., and Surian, N.: An integrated
approach for investigating geomorphic response to extreme events:
methodological framework and application to the October 2011 flood in the
Magra River catchment, Italy, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 41, 835–846,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3902, 2016.
Roux, C., Alber, A., Bertrand, M., Vaudor, L., and Piégay, H.:
“FluvialCorridor”: A new ArcGIS toolbox package for multiscale riverscape
exploration, Geomorphology, 242, 29–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.018,
2014.
Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Díez-Herrero, A., Ballesteros-Canovas, J. A., and
Bodoque, J. M.: Potential large woody debris recruitment due to landslides,
bank erosion and floods in mountain basins: a quantitative estimation
approach, River Res. Appl., 30, 81–97, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2614,
2014.
Ruiz-Villanueva, V., Piégay, H., Gurnell, A. A., Marston, R. A., and
Stoffel, M.: Recent advances quantifying the large wood dynamics in river
basins: New methods and remaining challenges, Rev. Geophys., 54, 611–652,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RG000514, 2016.
Savi, S., Schneuwly-Bollschweiler, M., Bommer-Denns, B., Stoffel, M., and
Schlunegger, F.: Geomorphic coupling between hillslopes and channels in the
Swiss Alps, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 38, 959–969,
https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3342, 2013.
Seo, J. I. and Nakamura, F.: Scale-dependent controls upon the fluvial
export of large wood from river catchments, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 34,
16–25, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1765, 2009.
Seo, J. I., Nakamura, F., Akasaka, T., Ichiyanagi, H., and Chun, K. W.:
Large wood export regulated by the pattern and intensity of precipitation
along a latitudinal gradient in the Japanese archipelago, Water Resour. Res.,
48, W03510, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010880, 2012.
Sideris, I. V., Gabella, M., Sassi, M., and Germann, U.: The CombiPrecip
experience: development and operation of a real-time radar-raingauge
combination scheme in Switzerland, Int. Symp. Weather Radar Hydrol., 2014.
Steeb, N., Rickenmann, D., Badoux, A., Rickli, C., and Waldner, P.: Large
wood recruitment processes and transported volumes in Swiss mountain streams
during the extreme flood of August 2005, Geomorphology, 279, 112–127,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.011, 2017.
Surian, N., Righini, M., Lucía, A., Nardi, L., Amponsah, W., Benvenuti,
M., and Viero, A.: Channel response to extreme floods: Insights on
controlling factors from six mountain rivers in northern Apennines, Italy,
Geomorphology, 272, 78–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.002,
2016.
Thévenet, A., Citterio, A., and Piégay, H.: A new methodology for
the assessment of large woody debris accumulations on highly modified rivers
(example of two French piedmont rivers), Regulated Riv., 14, 467–483,
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(1998110)14:6<467::AID-RRR514>3.0.CO;2-X,
1998.
Thompson, C. and Croke, J.: Geomorphic effects, flood power and channel
competence of a catastrophic flood in confined and unconfined reaches of the
upper Lockyer valley, south east Queensland, Australia, Geomorphology, 197,
156–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.05.006, 2013.
Wei, T. and Simko V.: R package “corrplot”: Visualization of a Correlation
Matrix (Version 0.84), available at:
https://github.com/taiyun/corrplot (last access: 21 July 2018), 2017.
Wells, S. G. and Harvey, A.: Sedimentologic and geomorphic variations in
storm-generated alluvial fans, Howgill Fells, northwest England, Geol. Soc.
Am. Bull., 98, 182–198, 1987.
Wohl, E.: Connectivity in rivers, Prog. Phys. Geog., 41, 345–362,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133317714972, 2017.
Wohl, E., Cenderelli, D. A., Dwire, K. A., Ryan-Burkett, S. E., Young, M.
K., and Fausch, K. D.: Large in-stream wood studies: a call for common
metrics, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 625, 618–625, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1966,
2010.
Wohl, E. E., Greenbaum, N., Schick, A. P., and Baker, V. R.: Controls on
bedrock channel incision along Nahal Paran, Israel, Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
19, 1–13, 1994.
Wright, K.: corrgram: Plot a Correlogram, R package version 1.12,
available at: https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=corrgram (last access: 21 July 2018),
2017.
Wyżga, B.: Methods for studying the response of flood flows to channel
change, J. Hydrol., 198, 271–288, 1997.
Zurbrügg, S.: Hochwasseruntersuchung und Feldstudie zur Quantifizierung
des Transports und der Ablagerung von Schwemmholz während einem extremen
Ereignis: Die Überschwemmung vom Juli 2014 in der Emme (Schweiz), Bsc
Thesis, University of Bern, Switzerland, 2015 (in German).
