Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-305-2023
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-305-2023
Research article
 | 
18 Apr 2023
Research article |  | 18 Apr 2023

The story of a summit nucleus: hillslope boulders and their effect on erosional patterns and landscape morphology in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera

Emma Lodes, Dirk Scherler, Renee van Dongen, and Hella Wittmann

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Cited articles

Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center: ALOS PALSAR_Radiometric_Terrain_Corrected_high_res (ALPSRP191976520), DEM for La Campana, includes Material © JAXA/METI 2009, ASF DAAC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/Z97HFCNKR6VA, 2009. 
Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center: ALOS PALSAR_Radiometric_Terrain_Corrected_high_res (ALPSRP269644390), DEM for Nahuelbuta, includes Material © JAXA/METI 2011, ASF DAAC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/Z97HFCNKR6VA, 2011a. 
Alaska Satellite Facility Distributed Active Archive Center: ALOS PALSAR_Radiometric_Terrain_Corrected_high_res (ALPSRP277746590), DEM for Santa Gracia, includes Material © JAXA/METI 2011, ASF DAAC [data set], https://doi.org/10.5067/Z97HFCNKR6VA, 2011b. 
Amundson, R., Richter, D. D., Humphreys, G. S., Jobbágy, E. G., and Gaillardet, J.: Coupling between biota and earth materials in the critical zone, Elements, 3, 327–333, https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.3.5.327, 2007. 
Attal, M., Mudd, S. M., Hurst, M. D., Weinman, B., Yoo, K., and Naylor, M.: Impact of change in erosion rate and landscape steepness on hillslope and fluvial sediments grain size in the Feather River basin (Sierra Nevada, California), Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 201–222, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-201-2015, 2015. 
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Short summary
We explored the ways that boulders and bedrock affect the shapes of hills and valleys by testing how quickly they erode compared to soil. We found that bedrock and boulders mostly erode more slowly than soil and predict that fracture patterns affect where they exist. We also found that streams generally follow fault orientations. Together, our data imply that fractures influence landscapes by weakening bedrock, causing it to erode faster and to eventually form a valley where a stream may flow.