Articles | Volume 7, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-633-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-633-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
11 Jul 2019
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 11 Jul 2019
| 11 Jul 2019
Evaluating post-glacial bedrock erosion and surface exposure duration by coupling in situ optically stimulated luminescence and 10Be dating
Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1012, Switzerland
Invited contribution by Benjamin Lehmann, recipient of the EGU Climate: Past, Present & Future Outstanding Student Poster and PICO Award 2016.
Frédéric Herman
Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1012, Switzerland
Pierre G. Valla
University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 Grenoble, France
Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
Georgina E. King
Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1012, Switzerland
Rabiul H. Biswas
Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1012, Switzerland
Related authors
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Joanne Elkadi, Benjamin Lehmann, Georgina E. King, Olivia Steinemann, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Marcus Christl, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 909–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial and non-glacial processes have left a strong imprint on the landscape of the European Alps, but further research is needed to better understand their long-term effects. We apply a new technique combining two methods for bedrock surface dating to calculate post-glacier erosion rates next to a Swiss glacier. Interestingly, the results suggest non-glacial erosion rates are higher than previously thought, but glacial erosion remains the most influential on landscape evolution.
Benjamin Lehmann, Robert S. Anderson, Xavier Bodin, Diego Cusicanqui, Pierre G. Valla, and Julien Carcaillet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 605–633, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-605-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-605-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are some of the most frequently occurring landforms containing ice in mountain environments. Here, we use field observations, analysis of aerial and satellite images, and dating methods to investigate the activity of the rock glacier of the Vallon de la Route in the French Alps. Our results suggest that the rock glacier is characterized by two major episodes of activity and that the rock glacier system promotes the maintenance of mountain erosion.
Dominik Brill, Simon Matthias May, Nadia Mhammdi, Georgina King, Benjamin Lehmann, Christoph Burow, Dennis Wolf, Anja Zander, and Helmut Brückner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 205–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-205-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-205-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wave-transported boulders are important records for storm and tsunami impact over geological timescales. Their use for hazard assessment requires chronological information. We investigated the potential of a new dating technique, luminescence rock surface exposure dating, for estimating transport ages of wave-emplaced boulders. Our results indicate that the new approach may provide chronological information on decadal to millennial timescales for boulders not datable by any other method so far.
Rabiul H. Biswas, Frédéric Herman, Georgina E. King, Benjamin Lehmann, and Ashok K. Singhvi
Clim. Past, 16, 2075–2093, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2075-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2075-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach to reconstruct the temporal variation of rock surface temperature using the thermoluminescence (TL) of feldspar is introduced. Multiple TL signals or thermometers in the range of 210 to 250 °C are sensitive to typical surface temperature fluctuations and can be used to constrain thermal histories of rocks over ~50 kyr. We show that it is possible to recover thermal histories of rocks using inverse modeling and with δ18O anomalies as a priori information.
Lionel Benoit, Aurelie Gourdon, Raphaël Vallat, Inigo Irarrazaval, Mathieu Gravey, Benjamin Lehmann, Günther Prasicek, Dominik Gräff, Frederic Herman, and Gregoire Mariethoz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 579–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-579-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-579-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset provides a collection of 10 cm resolution orthomosaics and digital elevation models of the Gornergletscher glacial system (Switzerland). Raw data have been acquired every 2 weeks by intensive UAV surveys and cover the summer 2017. A careful photogrammetric processing ensures the geometrical coherence of the whole dataset.
Hélène Tissoux, Magali Rizza, Claire Aupart, Gilles Rixhon, Pierre G. Valla, Manon Boulay, Philippe Lach, and Pierre Voinchet
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-182, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-182, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geochronology (GChron).
Short summary
Short summary
This study, using ESR, OSL, and LA-ICPMS trace element analyses, reveals significant relationships between quartz OSL/ESR sensitivities and bedrock characteristics. Trace element compositions appear to influence the OSL and ESR-Ti sensitivities, the last being weak in quartz extracted from metamorphic or deformed rocks. Pressure may take a part in OSL/ESR-Ti sensitivities variability while ESR Al intensities could be linked to initial fluid composition and crystallization conditions
Christoph Schmidt, Théo Halter, Paul R. Hanson, Alexey Ulianov, Benita Putlitz, Georgina E. King, and Sebastian Kreutzer
Geochronology, 6, 665–682, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-665-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-665-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We study the use of zircons as dosimeters using modern techniques, highlighting their advantages such as time-invariant dose rates. We explore the correlation between zircon geochemistry and luminescence properties, observe fast zircon optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) bleaching rates, and assess the potential of auto-regeneration. Low OSL sensitivities require combining natural OSL and auto-regenerated thermoluminescence (TL), with the potential to enhance age accuracy and precision.
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Ian Delaney, Leif Anderson, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 663–680, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a two-dimensional subglacial sediment transport model that evolves a sediment layer in response to subglacial sediment transport conditions. The model captures sediment transport in supply- and transport-limited regimes across a glacier's bed and considers both the creation and transport of sediment. Model outputs show how the spatial distribution of sediment and water below a glacier can impact the glacier's discharge of sediment and erosion of bedrock.
Ugo Nanni, Dirk Scherler, Francois Ayoub, Romain Millan, Frederic Herman, and Jean-Philippe Avouac
The Cryosphere, 17, 1567–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1567-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1567-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Surface melt is a major factor driving glacier movement. Using satellite images, we have tracked the movements of 38 glaciers in the Pamirs over 7 years, capturing their responses to rapid meteorological changes with unprecedented resolution. We show that in spring, glacier accelerations propagate upglacier, while in autumn, they propagate downglacier – all resulting from changes in meltwater input. This provides critical insights into the interplay between surface melt and glacier movement.
Melanie Bartz, Jasquelin Peña, Stéphanie Grand, and Georgina E. King
Geochronology, 5, 51–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-51-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-51-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition of mineral grains, and it follows that luminescence dating signals may also be progressively modified. We artificially weathered feldspar samples under different chemical conditions to understand the effect of feldspar partial dissolution on their luminescence properties. Only minor changes were observed on luminescence dating properties, implying that chemical alteration of feldspar surfaces may not affect luminescence dating signals.
Natacha Gribenski, Marissa M. Tremblay, Pierre G. Valla, Greg Balco, Benny Guralnik, and David L. Shuster
Geochronology, 4, 641–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We apply quartz 3He paleothermometry along two deglaciation profiles in the European Alps to reconstruct temperature evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum. We observe a 3He thermal signal clearly colder than today in all bedrock surface samples exposed prior the Holocene. Current uncertainties in 3He diffusion kinetics do not permit distinguishing if this signal results from Late Pleistocene ambient temperature changes or from recent ground temperature variation due to permafrost degradation.
Joanne Elkadi, Benjamin Lehmann, Georgina E. King, Olivia Steinemann, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Marcus Christl, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 909–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial and non-glacial processes have left a strong imprint on the landscape of the European Alps, but further research is needed to better understand their long-term effects. We apply a new technique combining two methods for bedrock surface dating to calculate post-glacier erosion rates next to a Swiss glacier. Interestingly, the results suggest non-glacial erosion rates are higher than previously thought, but glacial erosion remains the most influential on landscape evolution.
Benjamin Lehmann, Robert S. Anderson, Xavier Bodin, Diego Cusicanqui, Pierre G. Valla, and Julien Carcaillet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 605–633, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-605-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-605-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are some of the most frequently occurring landforms containing ice in mountain environments. Here, we use field observations, analysis of aerial and satellite images, and dating methods to investigate the activity of the rock glacier of the Vallon de la Route in the French Alps. Our results suggest that the rock glacier is characterized by two major episodes of activity and that the rock glacier system promotes the maintenance of mountain erosion.
Pierre G. Valla
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 70, 209–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-209-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-209-2021, 2021
Sean D. Willett, Frédéric Herman, Matthew Fox, Nadja Stalder, Todd A. Ehlers, Ruohong Jiao, and Rong Yang
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1153–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1153-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1153-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The cooling climate of the last few million years leading into the ice ages has been linked to increasing erosion rates by glaciers. One of the ways to measure this is through mineral cooling ages. In this paper, we investigate potential bias in these data and the methods used to analyse them. We find that the data are not themselves biased but that appropriate methods must be used. Past studies have used appropriate methods and are sound in methodology.
Dominik Brill, Simon Matthias May, Nadia Mhammdi, Georgina King, Benjamin Lehmann, Christoph Burow, Dennis Wolf, Anja Zander, and Helmut Brückner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 205–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-205-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-205-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Wave-transported boulders are important records for storm and tsunami impact over geological timescales. Their use for hazard assessment requires chronological information. We investigated the potential of a new dating technique, luminescence rock surface exposure dating, for estimating transport ages of wave-emplaced boulders. Our results indicate that the new approach may provide chronological information on decadal to millennial timescales for boulders not datable by any other method so far.
Rabiul H. Biswas, Frédéric Herman, Georgina E. King, Benjamin Lehmann, and Ashok K. Singhvi
Clim. Past, 16, 2075–2093, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2075-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2075-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new approach to reconstruct the temporal variation of rock surface temperature using the thermoluminescence (TL) of feldspar is introduced. Multiple TL signals or thermometers in the range of 210 to 250 °C are sensitive to typical surface temperature fluctuations and can be used to constrain thermal histories of rocks over ~50 kyr. We show that it is possible to recover thermal histories of rocks using inverse modeling and with δ18O anomalies as a priori information.
Benjamin Campforts, Veerle Vanacker, Frédéric Herman, Matthias Vanmaercke, Wolfgang Schwanghart, Gustavo E. Tenorio, Patrick Willems, and Gerard Govers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 447–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-447-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-447-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this contribution, we explore the spatial determinants of bedrock river incision in the tropical Andes. The model results illustrate the problem of confounding between climatic and lithological variables, such as rock strength. Incorporating rock strength explicitly into river incision models strongly improves the explanatory power of all tested models and enables us to clarify the role of rainfall variability in controlling river incision rates.
Ludovic Räss, Aleksandar Licul, Frédéric Herman, Yury Y. Podladchikov, and Jenny Suckale
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 955–976, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-955-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-955-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate predictions of future sea level rise require numerical models that predict rapidly deforming ice. Localised ice deformation can be captured numerically only with high temporal and spatial resolution. This paper’s goal is to propose a parallel FastICE solver for modelling ice deformation. Our model is particularly useful for improving our process-based understanding of localised ice deformation. Our solver reaches a parallel efficiency of 99 % on GPU-based supercomputers.
Georgina E. King, Sumiko Tsukamoto, Frédéric Herman, Rabiul H. Biswas, Shigeru Sueoka, and Takahiro Tagami
Geochronology, 2, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-1-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rates of landscape evolution over the past million years are difficult to quantify. This study develops a technique which is able to measure changes in rock cooling rates (related to landscape evolution) over this timescale. The technique is based on the electron spin resonance dating of quartz minerals. Measurement protocols and new numerical models are proposed that describe these data, allowing for their translation into rock cooling rates.
Lionel Benoit, Aurelie Gourdon, Raphaël Vallat, Inigo Irarrazaval, Mathieu Gravey, Benjamin Lehmann, Günther Prasicek, Dominik Gräff, Frederic Herman, and Gregoire Mariethoz
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 579–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-579-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-579-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset provides a collection of 10 cm resolution orthomosaics and digital elevation models of the Gornergletscher glacial system (Switzerland). Raw data have been acquired every 2 weeks by intensive UAV surveys and cover the summer 2017. A careful photogrammetric processing ensures the geometrical coherence of the whole dataset.
Raphaël Normand, Guy Simpson, Frédéric Herman, Rabiul Haque Biswas, Abbas Bahroudi, and Bastian Schneider
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 321–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-321-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-321-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied and mapped uplifted marine terraces in southern Iran that are part of the Makran subduction zone. Our results show that most exposed terraces were formed in the last 35 000–250 000 years. Based on their altitude and the paleo sea-level, we derive surface uplift rates of 0.05–5 mm yr−1. The marine terraces, tilted with a short wavelength of 20–30 km, indicate a heterogeneous accumulation of deformation in the overriding plate.
Antoine Cogez, Frédéric Herman, Éric Pelt, Thierry Reuschlé, Gilles Morvan, Christopher M. Darvill, Kevin P. Norton, Marcus Christl, Lena Märki, and François Chabaux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 121–140, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-121-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-121-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Sediments produced by glaciers are transported by rivers and wind toward the ocean. During their journey, these sediments are weathered, and we know that this has an impact on climate. One key factor is time, but the duration of this journey is largely unknown. We were able to measure the average time that sediment spends only in the glacial area. This time is 100–200 kyr, which is long and allows a lot of processes to act on sediments during their journey.
M. Fox, F. Herman, S. D. Willett, and D. A. May
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 47–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-47-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-47-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Haloturbation in the northern Atacama Desert revealed by a hidden subsurface network of calcium sulfate wedges
An evaluation of flow-routing algorithms for calculating contributing area on regular grids
Geometric constraints on tributary fluvial network junction angles
Automatic detection of floating instream large wood in videos using deep learning
Investigating uncertainty and parameter sensitivity in bedform analysis by using a Monte Carlo approach
Geomorphic imprint of high-mountain floods: insights from the 2022 hydrological extreme across the upper Indus River catchment in the northwestern Himalayas
A numerical model for duricrust formation by water table fluctuations
Width evolution of channel belts as a random walk
Evidence of slow millennial cliff retreat rates using cosmogenic nuclides in coastal colluvium
Equilibrium distance from long-range dune interactions
Examination of analytical shear stress predictions for coastal dune evolution
Post-fire evolution of ravel transport regimes in the Diablo Range, CA
Landscape response to tectonic deformation and cyclic climate change since ca. 800 ka in the southern central Andes
The Aare main overdeepening on the northern margin of the European Alps: basins, riegels, and slot canyons
Surface grain-size mapping of braided channels from SfM photogrammetry
A simple model for faceted topographies at normal faults based on an extended stream-power law
Multiple Equilibrium Configurations in River-Dominated Deltas
Short Communications: Multiscale topographic complexity analysis with pyTopoComplexity
Testing floc settling velocity models in rivers and freshwater wetlands
River suspended-sand flux computation with uncertainty estimation using water samples and high-resolution ADCP measurements
Barchan swarm dynamics from a Two-Flank Agent-Based Model
A landslide runout model for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications
Tracking slow-moving landslides with PlanetScope data: new perspectives on the satellite's perspective
Topographic metrics for unveiling fault segmentation and tectono-geomorphic evolution with insights into the impact of inherited topography, Ulsan Fault Zone, South Korea
Acceleration of coastal-retreat rates for high-Arctic rock cliffs on Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, over the past decade
The impact of bedrock meander cutoffs on 50 kyr scale incision rates, San Juan River, Utah
Sediment aggradation rates for Himalayan Rivers revealed through SAR remote sensing
How water, temperature, and seismicity control the preconditioning of massive rock slope failure (Hochvogel)
Large structure simulation for landscape evolution models
Investigating the celerity of propagation for small perturbations and dispersive sediment aggradation under a supercritical flow
Surficial sediment remobilization by shear between sediment and water above tsunamigenic megathrust ruptures: experimental study
Terrace formation linked to outburst floods at the Diexi palaeo-landslide dam, upper Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Influence of alluvial slope on avulsion in river deltas
Pliocene shorelines and the epeirogenic motion of continental margins: a target dataset for dynamic topography models
Decadal-scale decay of landslide-derived fluvial suspended sediment after Typhoon Morakot
Role of the forcing sources in morphodynamic modelling of an embayed beach
A machine learning approach to the geomorphometric detection of ribbed moraines in Norway
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Evolution of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans: insights from geomorphic experiments and morphodynamic models
Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Sub-surface processes and heat fluxes at coarse-blocky Murtèl rock glacier (Engadine, eastern Swiss Alps)
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
The Glacial Paleolandscapes of Southern Africa: the Legacy of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Aline Zinelabedin, Joel Mohren, Maria Wierzbicka-Wieczorek, Tibor Janos Dunai, Stefan Heinze, and Benedikt Ritter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 257–276, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-257-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-257-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
In order to interpret the formation processes of subsurface salt wedges and polygonal patterned grounds from the northern Atacama Desert, we present a multi-methodological approach. Due to the high salt content of the wedges, we suggest that their formation is dominated by subsurface salt dynamics requiring moisture. We assume that the climatic conditions during the wedge growth were slightly wetter than today, offering the potential to use the wedges as palaeoclimate archives.
Alexander B. Prescott, Jon D. Pelletier, Satya Chataut, and Sriram Ananthanarayan
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 239–256, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-239-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-239-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Many Earth surface processes are controlled by the spatial pattern of surface water flow. We review commonly used methods for predicting such spatial patterns in digital landform models and document the pros and cons of commonly used methods. We propose a new method that is designed to minimize those limitations and show that it works well in a variety of test cases.
Jon D. Pelletier, Robert G. Hayes, Olivia Hoch, Brendan Fenerty, and Luke A. McGuire
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 219–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-219-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-219-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate that landscapes with more planar initial conditions tend to have lower mean junction angles. Geomorphic processes on alluvial piedmonts result in especially planar initial conditions, consistent with a correlation between junction angles and the presence/absence of Late Cenozoic alluvial deposits and the constraint imposed by the intersection of planar approximations to the topography upslope from tributary junctions. We caution against using junction angles to infer paleoclimate.
Janbert Aarnink, Tom Beucler, Marceline Vuaridel, and Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 167–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-167-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-167-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a novel convolutional-neural-network approach for detecting instream large wood in rivers, addressing the need for flexible monitoring methods across diverse data sources. Using a database of 15 228 fully labelled images, the model achieved a weighted mean average precision of 67 %. Fine-tuning parameters and sampling techniques can improve performance by over 10 % in some cases, offering valuable insights into ecosystem management.
Julius Reich and Axel Winterscheid
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 191–217, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-191-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-191-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Analyzing the geometry and the dynamics of riverine bedforms (so-called dune tracking) is important for various fields of application and contributes to sound and efficient river and sediment management. We developed a workflow that enables a robust estimation of bedform characteristics and with which comprehensive sensitivity analyses can be carried out. Using a field dataset, we show that the setting of input parameters in bedform analyses can have a significant impact on the results.
Abhishek Kashyap, Kristen L. Cook, and Mukunda Dev Behera
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 147–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-147-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-147-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Short-lived, high-magnitude flood events across high mountain regions leave substantial geomorphic imprints, which are frequently triggered by excess precipitation, glacial lake outbursts, and natural dam breaches. These catastrophic floods highlight the importance of understanding the complex interaction between climatic, hydrological, and geological forces in bedrock catchments. Extreme floods can have long-term geomorphic consequences on river morphology and fluvial processes.
Caroline Fenske, Jean Braun, François Guillocheau, and Cécile Robin
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 119–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-119-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-119-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed a new numerical model to represent the formation of duricrusts, which are hard mineral layers found in soils and at the surface of the Earth. We assume that the formation mechanism implies variations in the height of the water table and that the hardening rate is proportional to precipitation. The model allows us to quantify the potential feedbacks they generate on the surface topography and the thickness of the regolith/soil layer.
Jens M. Turowski, Fergus McNab, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 97–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-97-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-97-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Channel belts comprise the area affected by a river due to lateral migration and floods. As a landform, they affect water resources and flood hazard, and they often host unique ecological communities. We develop a model describing the evolution of channel-belt area over time. The model connects the behaviour of the river to the evolution of the channel belt over a timescale of centuries. A comparison to selected data from experiments and real river systems verifies the random walk approach.
Rémi Bossis, Vincent Regard, Sébastien Carretier, and Sandrine Choy
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 71–79, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-71-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-71-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The erosion of rocky coasts occurs episodically through wave action and landslides, constituting a major natural hazard. Documenting the factors that control the coastal retreat rate over millennia is fundamental to evidencing any change in time. However, the known rates to date are essentially representative of the last few decades. Here, we present a new method using the concentration of an isotope, 10Be, in sediment eroded from the cliff to quantify its retreat rate averaged over millennia.
Jean Vérité, Clément Narteau, Olivier Rozier, Jeanne Alkalla, Laurie Barrier, and Sylvain Courrech du Pont
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 23–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-23-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-23-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using a numerical model in 2D, we study how two identical dunes interact with each other when exposed to reversing winds. Depending on the distance between the dunes, they either repel or attract each other until they reach an equilibrium distance, which is controlled by the wind strength, wind reversal frequency, and dune size. This process is controlled by the modification of wind flow over dunes of various shapes, influencing the sediment transport downstream.
Orie Cecil, Nicholas Cohn, Matthew Farthing, Sourav Dutta, and Andrew Trautz
Earth Surf. Dynam., 13, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-1-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-13-1-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using computational fluid dynamics, we analyze the error trends of an analytical shear stress distribution model used to drive aeolian transport for coastal dunes, which are an important line of defense against storm-related flooding hazards. We find that compared to numerical simulations, the analytical model results in a net overprediction of the landward migration rate. Additionally, two data-driven approaches are proposed for reducing the error while maintaining computational efficiency.
Hayden L. Jacobson, Danica L. Roth, Gabriel Walton, Margaret Zimmer, and Kerri Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1415–1446, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1415-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1415-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Loose grains travel farther after a fire because no vegetation is left to stop them. This matters since loose grains at the base of a slope can turn into a debris flow if it rains. To find if grass growing back after a fire had different impacts on grains of different sizes on slopes of different steepness, we dropped thousands of natural grains and measured how far they went. Large grains went farther 7 months after the fire than 11 months after, and small grain movement didn’t change much.
Elizabeth N. Orr, Taylor F. Schildgen, Stefanie Tofelde, Hella Wittmann, and Ricardo N. Alonso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1391–1413, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1391-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial terraces and alluvial fans in the Toro Basin, NW Argentina, record river evolution and global climate cycles over time. Landform dating reveals lower-frequency climate cycles (100 kyr) preserved downstream and higher-frequency cycles (21/40 kyr) upstream, supporting theoretical predications that longer rivers filter out higher-frequency climate signals. This finding improves our understanding of the spatial distribution of sedimentary paleoclimate records within landscapes.
Fritz Schlunegger, Edi Kissling, Dimitri Tibo Bandou, Guilhem Amin Douillet, David Mair, Urs Marti, Regina Reber, Patrick Schläfli, and Michael Alfred Schwenk
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Overdeepenings are bedrock depressions filled with sediment. We combine the results of a gravity survey with drilling data to explore the morphology of such a depression beneath the city of Bern. We find that the target overdeepening comprises two basins >200 m deep. They are separated by a bedrock riegel that itself is cut by narrow canyons up to 150 m deep. We postulate that these structures formed underneath a glacier, where erosion by subglacial meltwater caused the formation of the canyons.
Loïs Ribet, Frédéric Liébault, Laurent Borgniet, Michaël Deschâtres, and Gabriel Melun
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3697, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents a protocol and a model to get the size of the pebbles in mountain rivers from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle images. A set of 12 rivers located in south-eastern France were photographed to build the model. The results show that the model has little error and should be usable for similar rivers. Grain-size of mountain rivers is an important parameter for environmental diagnostics by mapping the aquatic habitats and for flood management by estimating the pebbles fluxes during floods.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1315–1327, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1315-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1315-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Faceted topographies are impressive footprints of active tectonics in geomorphology. This paper investigates the evolution of faceted topographies at normal faults and their interaction with a river network theoretically and numerically. As a main result beyond several relations for the geometry of facets, the horizontal displacement associated with normal faults is crucial for the dissection of initially polygonal facets into triangular facets bounded by almost parallel rivers.
Lorenzo Durante, Nicoletta Tambroni, and Michele Bolla Pittaluga
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3552, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3552, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River deltas are dynamic areas where rivers meet the sea. This study examines delta configurations to guide balanced development and environmental health. Using the Po River Delta, we developed a model to understand how different delta parts interact and maintain balance. Our findings show that deltas can reach varied states of balance, with some areas more prone to shift. These insights support predictions of delta changes and better management strategies.
Larry Syu-Heng Lai, Adam M. Booth, Alison R. Duvall, and Erich Herzig
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3415, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3415, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
pyTopoComplexity is an open-source tool that quantifies land surface complexity using advanced methods. Applied to a landslide-affected area in Washington, USA, it accurately analyzed landform features at various scales, enhancing our understanding of landform recovery after disturbances. By integrating with Landlab’s landscape evolution simulations, the software allows researchers to explore how different processes drive the evolution of surface complexity in response to natural forces.
Justin A. Nghiem, Gen K. Li, Joshua P. Harringmeyer, Gerard Salter, Cédric G. Fichot, Luca Cortese, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1267–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1267-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1267-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fine sediment grains in freshwater can cohere into faster-settling particles called flocs, but floc settling velocity theory has not been fully validated. Combining three data sources in novel ways in the Wax Lake Delta, we verified a semi-empirical model relying on turbulence and geochemical factors. For a physics-based model, we showed that the representative grain diameter within flocs relies on floc structure and that heterogeneous flow paths inside flocs increase floc settling velocity.
Jessica Marggraf, Guillaume Dramais, Jérôme Le Coz, Blaise Calmel, Benoît Camenen, David J. Topping, William Santini, Gilles Pierrefeu, and François Lauters
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1243–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1243-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Suspended-sand fluxes in rivers vary with time and space, complicating their measurement. The proposed method captures the vertical and lateral variations of suspended-sand concentration throughout a river cross-section. It merges water samples taken at various positions throughout the cross-section with high-resolution acoustic velocity measurements. This is the first method that includes a fully applicable uncertainty estimation; it can easily be applied to any other study sites.
Dominic T. Robson and Andreas C. W. Baas
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1205–1226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1205-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Barchans are fast-moving sand dunes which form large populations (swarms) on Earth and Mars. We show that a small range of model parameters produces swarms in which dune size does not vary downwind – something that is observed in nature but not when using earlier models. We also show how the shape of dunes and the spatial patterns they form are affected by wind direction. This work furthers our understanding of the interplay between environmental drivers, dune interactions, and swarm properties.
Jeffrey Keck, Erkan Istanbulluoglu, Benjamin Campforts, Gregory Tucker, and Alexander Horner-Devine
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1165–1191, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1165-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
MassWastingRunout (MWR) is a new landslide runout model designed for sediment transport, landscape evolution, and hazard assessment applications. MWR is written in Python and includes a calibration utility that automatically determines best-fit parameters for a site and empirical probability density functions of each parameter for probabilistic model implementation. MWR and Jupyter Notebook tutorials are available as part of the Landlab package at https://github.com/landlab/landlab.
Ariane Mueting and Bodo Bookhagen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1121–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the use of optical PlanetScope data for offset tracking of the Earth's surface movement. We found that co-registration accuracy is locally degraded when outdated elevation models are used for orthorectification. To mitigate this bias, we propose to only correlate scenes acquired from common perspectives or base orthorectification on more up-to-date elevation models generated from PlanetScope data alone. This enables a more detailed analysis of landslide dynamics.
Cho-Hee Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, John Weber, Sangmin Ha, Dong-Eun Kim, and Byung Yong Yu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1091–1120, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1091-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Topographic metrics were used to understand changes due to tectonic activity. We evaluated the relative tectonic activity along the Ulsan Fault Zone (UFZ), one of the most active fault zones in South Korea. We divided the UFZ into five segments, based on the spatial variation in activity. We modeled the landscape evolution of the study area and interpreted tectono-geomorphic history during which the northern part of the UFZ experienced asymmetric uplift, while the southern part did not.
Juditha Aga, Livia Piermattei, Luc Girod, Kristoffer Aalstad, Trond Eiken, Andreas Kääb, and Sebastian Westermann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1049–1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal rock cliffs on Svalbard are considered to be fairly stable; however, long-term trends in coastal-retreat rates remain unknown. This study examines changes in the coastline position along Brøggerhalvøya, Svalbard, using aerial images from 1970, 1990, 2010, and 2021. Our analysis shows that coastal-retreat rates accelerate during the period 2010–2021, which coincides with increasing storminess and retreating sea ice.
Aaron T. Steelquist, Gustav B. Seixas, Mary L. Gillam, Sourav Saha, Seulgi Moon, and George E. Hilley
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1071–1089, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1071-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The rates at which rivers erode their bed can be used to interpret the geologic history of a region. However, these rates depend significantly on the time window over which you measure. We use multiple dating methods to determine an incision rate for the San Juan River and compare it to regional rates with longer timescales. We demonstrate how specific geologic events, such as cutoffs of bedrock meander bends, are likely to preserve material we can date but also bias the rates we measure.
Jingqiu Huang and Hugh D. Sinclair
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2600, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2600, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses radar technology to track tiny changes in riverbeds elevation in Himalayan Rivers as they flow onto the Gangetic Plains. By analyzing data from 2016 to 2021, we found that sediment builds up in seasonally dry (ephemeral) rivers during monsoon seasons, while the surrounding floodplains is sinking. This research is important for understanding how these elevation changes affect flood risks in rapidly growing communities in Nepal and India. Our findings can improve flood management.
Johannes Leinauer, Michael Dietze, Sibylle Knapp, Riccardo Scandroglio, Maximilian Jokel, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1027–1048, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1027-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Massive rock slope failures are a significant alpine hazard and change the Earth's surface. Therefore, we must understand what controls the preparation of such events. By correlating 4 years of slope displacements with meteorological and seismic data, we found that water from rain and snowmelt is the most important driver. Our approach is applicable to similar sites and indicates where future climatic changes, e.g. in rain intensity and frequency, may alter the preparation of slope failure.
Julien Coatléven and Benoit Chauveau
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 995–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-995-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The aim of this paper is to explain how to incorporate classical water flow routines into landscape evolution models while keeping numerical errors under control. The key idea is to adapt filtering strategies to eliminate anomalous numerical errors and mesh dependencies, as confirmed by convergence tests with analytic solutions. The emergence of complex geomorphic structures is now driven exclusively by nonlinear heterogeneous physical processes rather than by random numerical artifacts.
Hasan Eslami, Erfan Poursoleymanzadeh, Mojtaba Hiteh, Keivan Tavakoli, Melika Yavari Nia, Ehsan Zadehali, Reihaneh Zarrabi, and Alessio Radice
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-414, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-414, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A channel may be aggraded by overloaded sediment. In this study we realize an aggradation experiment and determine the celerity at which an aggradation wave, due to sediment overloading, migrates. We also investigate the celerity of small perturbations, as quantified based on mathematical formulations. The celerities of the two kinds are correlated with each other. However, the celerity of small perturbations is larger than the other one, that is less than a few percent of the water velocity.
Chloé Seibert, Cecilia McHugh, Chris Paola, Leonardo Seeber, and James Tucker
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2011, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new mechanism of widespread surficial co-seismic sediment entrainment by seismic motions in subduction earthquakes. Our physical experiments show that shear from sediment-water relative velocities from long-period earthquake motions can mobilize synthetic fine marine sediment. High frequency vertical shaking can enhance this mobilization. According to our results, the largest tsunamigenic earthquakes that rupture to the trench may be distinguishable in the sedimentary record.
Jingjuan Li, John D. Jansen, Xuanmei Fan, Zhiyong Ding, Shugang Kang, and Marco Lovati
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 953–971, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-953-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigated the geomorphology, sedimentology, and chronology of Tuanjie (seven terraces) and Taiping (three terraces) terraces in Diexi, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Results highlight that two damming and three outburst events occurred in the area during the late Pleistocene, and the outburst floods have been a major factor in the formation of tectonically active mountainous river terraces. Tectonic activity and climatic changes play a minor role.
Octria A. Prasojo, Trevor B. Hoey, Amanda Owen, and Richard D. Williams
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2113, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2113, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Decades of delta avulsion (i.e. channel abrupt jump) study has not resolved what the main controls of delta avulsion are. Using computer model, integrated with field observation, analytical and laboratory-made delta, we found that the sediment load, itself is controlled by the steepness of river upstream of a delta, controls the timing of avulsion. We can now better understand the main cause of abrupt channel changes on deltas, a finding that aids flood risk management in river deltas.
Andrew Hollyday, Maureen E. Raymo, Jacqueline Austermann, Fred Richards, Mark Hoggard, and Alessio Rovere
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 883–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-883-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sea level was significantly higher during the Pliocene epoch, around 3 million years ago. The present-day elevations of shorelines that formed in the past provide a data constraint on the extent of ice sheet melt and the global sea level response under warm Pliocene conditions. In this study, we identify 10 escarpments that formed from wave-cut erosion during Pliocene times and compare their elevations with model predictions of solid Earth deformation processes to estimate past sea level.
Gregory A. Ruetenik, Ken L. Ferrier, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 863–881, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-863-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Nil Carrion-Bertran, Albert Falqués, Francesca Ribas, Daniel Calvete, Rinse de Swart, Ruth Durán, Candela Marco-Peretó, Marta Marcos, Angel Amores, Tim Toomey, Àngels Fernández-Mora, and Jorge Guillén
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 819–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-819-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The sensitivity to the wave and sea-level forcing sources in predicting a 6-month embayed beach evolution is assessed using two different morphodynamic models. After a successful model calibration using in situ data, other sources are applied. The wave source choice is critical: hindcast data provide wrong results due to an angle bias, whilst the correct dynamics are recovered with the wave conditions from an offshore buoy. The use of different sea-level sources gives no significant differences.
Thomas J. Barnes, Thomas V. Schuler, Simon Filhol, and Karianne S. Lilleøren
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 801–818, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-801-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use machine learning to automatically outline landforms based on their characteristics. We test several methods to identify the most accurate and then proceed to develop the most accurate to improve its accuracy further. We manage to outline landforms with 65 %–75 % accuracy, at a resolution of 10 m, thanks to high-quality/high-resolution elevation data. We find that it is possible to run this method at a country scale to quickly produce landform inventories for future studies.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 727–745, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 33 % of ice cliffs are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 709–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-709-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains unexplored in landscape evolution. Using digital evolution models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for how volcano basins develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 691–708, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-691-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we propose a framework for generating risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This framework uses concepts from probability theory to learn the river migration model's parameter values from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that do not explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Steven Y. J. Lai, David Amblas, Aaron Micallef, and Hervé Capart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 621–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores the creation of submarine canyons and hanging-wall fans on active faults, which can be defined by gravity-dominated breaching and underflow-dominated diffusion processes. The study reveals the self-similarity in canyon–fan long profiles, uncovers Hack’s scaling relationship and proposes a formula to estimate fan volume using canyon length. This is validated by global data from source-to-sink systems, providing insights into deep-water sedimentary processes.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John R. Gardner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 581–599, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the profound impact of deforestation in the Amazon on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand the consequences of human activity for our planet's future.
Jacob Hardt, Tim P. Dooley, and Michael R. Hudec
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 559–579, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Dominik Amschwand, Jonas Wicky, Martin Scherler, Martin Hoelzle, Bernhard Krummenacher, Anna Haberkorn, Christian Kienholz, and Hansueli Gubler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-172, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-172, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rock glaciers are comparatively climate-resilient coarse-debris permafrost landforms. We estimate the energy budget of the seasonally thawing active layer (AL) of rock glacier Murtèl (Swiss Alps) based on a novel sub-surface sensor array. In the coarse-blocky AL during the thaw season, heat is transferred by thermal radiation and air convection. The ground heat flux is largely used to melt ground ice in the AL that protects to some degree the permafrost body beneath.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Pierre Dietrich, François Guillocheau, Guilhem Amin Douillet, Neil Patrick Griffis, Guillaume Baby, Daniel Paul Le Heron, Laurie Barrier, Maximilien Mathian, Isabel Patricia Montañez, Cécile Robin, Thomas Gyomlai, Christoph Kettler, and Axel Hofmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-467, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-467, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At the evocation of ‘icy landscapes’, Africa is not the first place that comes to mind. The modern relief of Southern Africa is generally considered as resulting from uplift and counteracting erosion. We show that many modern reliefs of this region are fossil glacial landscapes tied to an ice age that occurred 300 million years ago: striated pavements, valleys, fjords. We emphasise how these landscapes have escaped being erased for hundreds of millions of years, generally considered improbable.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Cited articles
Agassiz L.: Discours prononcé á l'ouverture des séances de la Soc. helv. sci. natur. à Neuchâtel, le 24 juillet 1837, par L. Agassiz, président: actes, Soc. helv. sci. natur., réunie à Neuchâtel, 22. sess., Neuchâtel, 5–32, 1837.
Aitken, M. J.: Thermoluminescence dating, Academic press, 1985.
Aitken, M. J.: An Introduction to Optical Dating The Dating of Quaternary: Sediments by the Use of Photon-stimulated Luminescence, Oxford University press, 1998.
Anderson, R. S.: Near-Surface Thermal Profiles in Alpine Bedrock: Implications for
the Frost Weathering of Rock, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 30, 362–372, 1998.
Anderson, R. S. and Anderson, S. P.: Geomorphology: The Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes, United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge, ISBN 9780521519786, 2010.
André, M.-F.: Rock weathering rates in arctic and subarctic environments (Abisko Mts, Swedish Lappland), Z. Geomorphol., 40, 499–517, 1996.
André, M.-F.: Do periglacial landscapes evolve under periglacial conditions?, Geomorphology, 52, 149–164, 2003.
Armesto-González, J., Riveiro-Rodríguez, B., González-Aguilera, D., and Rivas-Brea, M. T.: Terrestrial laser scanning intensity data applied to damage detection for historical buildings, J. Archaeol. Sci., 37, 3037–3047, 2010.
Bailey, R. M.: Paper I-simulation of dose absorption in quartz over geological timescales and its implications for the precision and accuracy of optical dating, Radiat. Meas., 38, 299–310, 2004.
Baillie, M. G. L. and Pilcher, J. R.: A simple cross-dating program for tree-ring research, Tree-ring Bull. 33, 7–14, 1973.
Baillie, M. G. L.: A Slice Through Time: dendrochronology and precision dating, London, Routledge, 176 pp., 1995.
Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J.: A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements, Quat. Geochronol., 3, 174–195, 2008.
Balco, G.: Contributions and unrealized potential contributions of cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating to glacier chronology, 1990–2010, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 3–27, 2011.
Ballantyne, C. K.: Paraglacial geomorphology, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 1935–2017, 2002.
Ballantyne, C. K. and Stone, J. O.: Trimlines, blockfields and the vertical extent of the last ice sheet in southern Ireland, Boreas, 44, 277–287, 2015.
Beedle, M. J., Menounos, B., Luckman, B. H., and Wheate, R.: Annual push moraines as climate proxy, Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L20501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039533, 2009.
Bennett, M. and Glasser, N. F.: Glacial geology: ice sheets and landforms, Chichester, UK, Hoboken, NJ Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
Berthel, N., Schworer, C., and Tinner, W.: Impact of Holocene climate changes on alpine and treeline vegetation at Sanetsch Pass, Bernese Alps, Switzerland, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 174, 91–100, 2012.
Bierman, P. R. and Nichols, K. K.: Rock to sediment—slope to sea with 10Be—rates of landscape change, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 32, 215–255, 2004.
Bini, A., Buoncristiani, J.-F., Couterrand, S., Ellwanger, D., Felber, M., Florineth, D., Graf, H. R., Keller, O., Kelly, M., Schlüchter, C., and Schoeneich, P: Die Schweiz w'́ahrend des letzteiszeitlichen Maximums (LGM), Bundesamt für Landestopografie swisstopo, 2009.
Biswas, R. H., Herman, F., King, G. E., and Braun, J.: Thermoluminescence of feldspar as a multi-thermochronometer to constrain the temporal variation of rock exhumation in the recent past, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 495, 56–68, 2018.
Blarquez, O., Carcaillet, C., Bremond, L., Mourier, B., and Radakovitch, O.: Trees in the subalpine belt since 11 700 cal. BP: origin, expansion and alteration of the modern forest, Holocene, 20, 139–146, 2010.
Blumthaler, M., Ambach, W., and Ellinger, R.: Increase in solar UV radiation with altitude, J. Photochem. Photobio. B, 39, 130–134, 1997.
Boch, R. and Spötl, C.: Reconstructing palaeoprecipitation from an active cave flowstone, J. Quaternary Sci., 26, 675–687, 2011.
Bond, G., Heinrich, H., Broecker, W. S., Labeyrie, L., McManus, J., Andrews, J., Huon, S., Jantschik, R., Clasen, S., Simet, C., Tedesco, K., Klas, M., Bonani G., and Ivy, S.: Evidence for massive discharge of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial period, Nature, 360, 245–249, 1992.
Botter-Jensen, L., Thomsen, K. J., and Jain, M.: Review of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) instrumental developments for retrospective dosimetry, Radiat. Meas., 45, 253–257, 2010.
Brandmeier, M., Kuhlemann, J., Krumrei, I., Kappler, A., and Kubik, P. W.: New challenges for tafoni research, A new approach to understand processes and weathering rates, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 36, 839–852, 2011.
Broecker, W. and Denton, G.: What drives glacial cycles?, Sci. Am., 262, 43–50, 1990.
Brown, N. D., Rhodes, E. J., and Harrison, T. M.: Using thermoluminescence signals from feldspars for low-temperature thermochronology, Quat. Geochronol., 42, 31–41, 2017.
Brozović, N., Burbank, D. W., and Meigs, A. J.: Climatic limits on landscape development in the northwestern Himalaya, Science, 276, 571–574, 1997.
Burbank, D. W., Leland, J., Fielding, E., Anderson, R. S., Brozović, N., Reid, M. R., and Duncan, C.: Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 505–510, 1996.
Buylaert, J.-P., Murray, A. S., Thomsen, K. J., and Jain, M.: Testing the potential of an elevated temperature IRSL signal from K-feldspar, Radiat. Meas., 44, 560–565, 2009.
Castiglioni, B.: L'Italia nell'etá quaternaria, Carta delle Alpi nel Glaciale, (1:200 000 scale), in: Atlante fisico-economico d'Italia, edited by: Dainelli, G., Consociazione Turistica Italiana, Milano, Italy, Table 3.
Clark, P. U., Dyke, A. S., Shakun, J. D., Carlson, A. E., Clark, J., Wohlfarth, Mitrovica, J. X. B., Hostetler, S. W., and McCabe, A. M.: The last glacial maximum, Science, 325, 710–714, 2009.
Chapot, M. S., Sohbati, R., Murray, A. S., Pederson, J. L., and Rittenour, T. M.: Constraining the age of rock art by dating a rockfall event using sediment and rock-surface luminescence dating techniques, Quat. Geochronol., 13, 18–25, 2012.
Champagnac, J-D., Molnar, P., Anderson, R. S., Sue, S., and Delacou, B.: Quaternary erosion-induced isostatic rebound in the western Alps, Geology, 35, 195–197, 2007.
Choi, K. H., Seong, Y. B., Jung, P. M., and Lee, S. Y.: Using cosmogenic 10Be dating to unravel the antiquity of a rocky shore platform on the West Coast of Korea, J. Coast. Res., 28, 641–657, 2012.
Christl, M., Vockenhuber, C., Kubik, P. W., Wacker, L., Lachner, J., Alfimov, V., and Synal, H. A.: The ETH Zurich AMS facilities: performance parameters and reference materials, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 294, 29–38, 2013.
Claude, A., Ivy-Ochs, S., Kober, F., Antognini, M., Salcher, B., and Kubik, P. W.: The Chironico landslide (Valle Leventina, southern Swiss Alps); age and evolution, Swiss J. Geosci., 107, 273–291, 2014.
Cohen, D., Gillet-Chaulet, F., Haeberli, W., Machguth, H., and Fischer, U. H.: Numerical reconstructions of the flow and basal conditions of the Rhine glacier, European Central Alps, at the Last Glacial Maximum, The Cryosphere, 12, 2515–2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2515-2018, 2018.
Colman, S. M.: Rock-Weathering Rates as Functions of Time, Quaternary Res., 15, 250–264, 1980.
Cossart, E., Fort, M., Bourlés, D., Braucher, R., Perrier, R., and Siame, L.: Deglaciation pattern during the Lateglacial/Holocene transition in the southern French Alps, Chronological data and geographical reconstruction from the Clarée Valley (upper Durance catchment, southeastern France), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 315–316, 109–123, 2012.
Coutard, J. P. and Francou, B.: Rock temperature measurements in two alpine environments: implications for frost shattering, Arct. Alp. Res., 21, 399–416, 1989.
Coutterand, S. and Buoncristiani, J.-F.: Paléogéographie du dernier maximum glaciaire du Pléistocène récent de la région du massif du Mont Blanc, France, Quaternaire, Revue de l'Association française pour l'étude du Quaternaire, 17, 35–43, 2006.
Coutterand, S.: Etude géomorphologique des flux glaciaires dans les Alpes nord-occidentales au Pléistocène récent: du maximum de la dernière glaciation aux premières étapes de la déglaciation, PhD thesis, Université de Savoie, 2010.
Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N. S., Hammer, C. U., Hvidberg, C. S., Steffensen, J. P., Sveinbjornsdottir, A. E., Jouzel, J., and Bond, G.: Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record, Nature, 364, 218–220, 1993.
Deline, P., Gardent, M., Magnin, F., and Ravanel, L.: The morphodynamics of the Mont Blanc massif in a changing cryosphere: a comprehensive review, Geogr. Ann. A, 94, 265–283, 2012.
Denton, G. H. and Karlçen, W.: Holocene climatic variations: their pattern and possible cause, Quaternary Res., 3, 155–205, 1973.
Dielforder, A. and Hetzel, R.: The deglaciation history of the Simplon region (southern Swiss Alps) constrained by 10Be exposure dating of ice-molded bedrock surfaces, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 84, 26–38, 2014.
Dixon, J. C. and Thorn, C. E.: Chemical weathering and landscape development in midlatitude alpine environments, Geomorphology, 67, 127–145, 2005.
Dobmeier, C.: Variscan P-T deformation paths from the southwestern Aiguilles Rouges massif (External massif, western Alps) and their implication for its tectonic evolution, Geol. Rundsch., 87, 107–123, 1998.
Duffy, S., Bryan, P., Graeme, E., Beale, G., Pagi, H., and Kotoula, E.: Multi-light Imaging Techniques for heritage application: PTM Guidelines, English Heritage, UK, 2013.
Duller, G. A. T.: Luminescence Analyst, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, 2005.
Duller, G. A. T.: Single-grain optical dating of Quaternary sediments: why aliquot size matters in luminescence dating, Boreas, 37, 589–612, 2008.
Dunne, J., Elmore, D., and Muzikar, P.: Scaling factors for the rates of production of cosmogenic nuclides for geometric shielding and attenuation at depth on sloped surfaces, Geomorphology, 27, 3–11, 1999.
Durcan, J. A., King, G. E., and Duller, G. A. T.: DRAC: Dose Rate and Age Calculator for trapped charge dating, Quat. Geochronol., 28, 54–61, 2015.
Egholm, D., Nielsen, S., Pedersen, V. K., and Lesemann, J.-E.: Glacial effects limiting mountain height, Nature, 460, 884–887, 2009.
Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P. L.: The extent and chronology of Cenozoic Gobal Glaciation, Quatern. Int., 164–165, 6–20, 2007.
Emiliani, C: Pleistocene Temperatures, J. Geol., 63, 538–578, 1955.
EPICA community members: Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core, Nature, 429, 623–628, 2004.
Fabel, D., Ballantyne, C. K., and Xu, S.: Trimlines, blockfields, mountain-top erratics and the vertical dimensions of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet in NW Scotland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 55, 91–102, 2012.
Fischer, M., Huss, M., and Hoelzle, M.: Surface elevation and mass changes of all Swiss glaciers 1980–2010, The Cryosphere, 9, 525–540, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-525-2015, 2015.
Florineth, D.: Surface geometry of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the southeastern Swiss Alps (Graubünden) and its paleoclimatological significance, E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 48, 23–37, https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.48.1.03, 1998.
Florineth, D., and Schluchter, C.: Alpine evidence for atmospheric circulation patterns in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Res., 54, 295–308, 2000.
Fontana, A., Monegato, G., Zavagno, E., Devoto, S., Burla, I., and Cucchi, F.: Evolution of an alpine fluvioglacial system at the LGM decay: the cormor megafan (NE Italy), Geomorphology, 204, 136–153, 2014.
Freiesleben, T., Sohbati, R., Murray, A., Jain, M., Al Khasawneh, S., Hvidt, S., and Jakobsen, B.: Mathematical model quantifies multiple daylight exposure and burial events for rock surfaces using luminescence dating, Radiat. Meas., 81, 16–22, 2015.
Fuchs, M. and Owen, L. A.: Luminescence dating of glacial and associated sediments: review, recommendations and future directions, Boreas, 37, 636–659, 2008.
Gallach, X., Ravanel, L., Egli, M., Brandova, D., Schaepman, M., Christl, M., Gruber, S., Deline, P., Carcaillet, J., and Pallandre, F.: Timing of rockfalls in the Mont Blanc massif (Western Alps): evidence from surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 10Be, Landslides, 15, 1–10, 2018.
Ganti, V., von Hagke, C., Scherler, D., Lamb, M. P., Fischer, W. W., and Avouac, J. P.: Time scale bias in erosion rates of glaciated landscapes, Sci. Adv., 2, e1600204, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600204, 2016.
Gardent, M., Rabatel, A., Dedieu, J.-P., and Deline, P.: Multitemporal glacier inventory of the French Alps from the late 1960s to the late 2000s, Global Planet. Change, 120, 24–37, 2014.
Gianotti, F., Forno, M. G., Ivy-Ochs, S., and Kubik, P.: New chronological and stratigaphical data on the Ivrea amphitheatre (Piedmont, NW Italy), Quatern. Int., 190, 123–135, 2008.
Gianotti, F., Forno, M. G., Ivy-Ochs, S., Monegato, G., Pini, R., and Ravazzi, C.: Stratigraphy of the Ivrea Morainic Amphitheatre (NW Italy): an updated Synthesis, Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary, 28, 29–58, 2015.
Giguet-Covex, C., Pansu, J., Arnaud, F., Rey, P.-J., Griggo, C., Gielly, L., Domaizon, I., Coissac, E., David, F., Choler, P., Poulenard, J., and Taberlet, P.: Long livestock farming history and human landscape shaping revealed by lake sediment DNA, Nat. Commun., 5, 3211, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4211, 2014.
Gliganic, L. A., Meyer, M. C., Sohbati, R., and Jain, M.: OSL Surface Exposure Dating of a Lithic Quarry in Tibet: Laboratory Validation and Application, Quat. Geochronol Special Issue related to the LED Cape Town, 2018.
Goehring, B. M., Schaefer, J. M., Schluechter, C., Lifton, N. A., Finkel, R. C., Jull, A. T., Akçar, N., and Alley, R. B.: The Rhone Glacier was smaller than today for most of the Holocene, Geology, 39, 679–682, 2011.
Goehring, B. M., Vacco, D. A., Alley, R. B., and Schaefer, J. M.: Holocene dynamics of the Rhone Glacier, Switzerland, deduced from ice flow models and cosmogenic nuclides, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 351, 27–35, 2012.
Goss, J. C. and Phillips, F. M.: Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 1475–1560, 2000.
Grab, S.: Rock-surface temperatures of basalt in the Drakensberg alpine environment, Lesotho. Geogr. Ann. Ser. A Phys. Geogr., 89, 185–193, 2007.
Gruber, S., Hoelzle, M., and Haeberli, W.: Rock-wall temperatures in the Alps: modelling their topographic distribution and regional differences, Permafrost Periglac., 15, 299–307, 2004a.
Guralnik, B., Jain, M., Herman, F., Ankjærgaard, C., Murray, A. S., Valla, P. G., Preusser, F., King, G. E., Chen, R., and Lowick, S. E.: OSL-thermochronometry of feldspar from the KTB borehole, Germany, Earth Planet. sSc. Lett., 423, 232–243, 2015.
Haas, J. N., Richoz, I., Tinner, W., and Wick, L.: Synchronous Holocene oscillations recorded on the Swiss Plateau and at timberline in the Alps, Holocene, 8, 301–309, 1998.
Habermann, J., Schilles, T., Kalchgruber, R., and Wagner, G. A.: Steps towards surface dating using luminescence, Radiat. Meas., 32, 847–851, 2000.
Haeberli, W., and Alean J.: Temperature and accumulation of high altitude firn in the Alps, Ann. Glaciol., 6, 161–163, 1985.
Haeberli, W. and Funk, M.: Borehole temperatures at the Colle Gnifetti core-drilling site (Monte Rosa, Swiss Alps), J. Glaciol., 37, 37–46, 1991.
Hajdas, I.: Radiocarbon dating and its applications in Quaternary studies, Quaternary. Sci. J., 57, 24, 2008.
Hales, T. C. and Roering, J. J.: Climatic controls on frost cracking and implications for the evolution of bedrock landscapes, J. Geophys. Res.,
112, F02033, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000616, 2007.
Hallet, B., Walder, J., and Stubbs, C. W.: Weathering by segregation ice growth in microcracks at sustained sub-zero temperatures: verification from an experimental study using acoustic emissions, Permafrost Periglac., 2, 283–300, 1991.
Hall, K., Thorn, C., and Sumner, P.: On the persistence of “weathering”, Geomorphology, 149–150, 1–10, 2012.
Hantke, R.: Eiszeitalter: Kalt-/Warmzeit-Zyklen und Eistransport im alpinen und voralpinen Raum, Ott, Bern, 2011.
Häuselmann, P.: Surface corrosion of an alpine karren field: recentmeasurements at Innerbergli (Siebenhengste, Switzerland), Int. J. Speleol., 37, 107–111, 2008.
Hays, J. D., Imbrie, J., and Shackleton, N. J.: Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages, Science, 194, 1121–1132, 1976.
Heiri, O., Lotter, A. F., Hausmann, S., and Kienast, F.: A chironomid-based Holocene summer air temperature reconstruction from the Swiss Alps, Holocene, 13, 477–484, 2003.
Heiri, O., Koinig, K. A., Spotl, C., Barrett, S., Brauer, A., Drescher-Schneider, R., Gaar, D., Ivy-Ochs, S., Kerschner, H., Luetscher, M., Moran, A., Nicolussi, K., Preusser, F., Schmidt, R., Schoeneich, P., Schworer, C., Sprafke, T., Terhorst, B., and Tinner, W.: Palaeoclimate records 60-8 ka in the Austrian and Swiss Alps and their forelands, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 106, 186–205, 2014.
Herbert, T. D., Lawrence, K. T., Tzanova, A., Peterson, L. C., Caballero-Gill, R., and Kelly, C. S.: Late Miocene global cooling and the rise of modern ecosystems, Nat. Geosci., 9, 843–847, 2016.
Herman, F., Seward, D., Valla, P. G., Carter, A., Kohn, B., Willett, S. D., and Ehlers, T. A.: Worldwide acceleration of mountain erosion under a cooling climate, Nature, 504, 423–426, 2013.
Herman, F., Beyssac, O., Brughelli, M., Lane, S. T., Leprince, S., Adatte, T., Lin, J. Y. Y., Avouac, J.-P., and Cox, S. C.: Erosion by an Alpine glacier, Science, 350, 193–195, 2015.
Herman, F. and Champagnac, J.-D.: Plio-Pleistocene increase in erosion rates in mountain belts in response to climate change, Terra Nova, 28, 2–10, 2016.
Hippe, K.: Constraining processes of landscape change with combined in situ cosmogenic 14C-10Be analysis, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 173, 1–19, 2017.
Hippe, K., Ivy-Ochs, S., Kober, F., Zasadni, J., Wieler, R., Wacker, L., Kubik, P. W., and Schlüchter, C.: Chronology of Lateglacial ice flow reorganization and deglaciation in the Gotthard Pass area, Central Swiss Alps, based on cosmogenic 10Be and in situ 14C, Quat. Geochronol., 19, 14–26, 2014.
Hoelzle, M., Haeberli, W., Dischl, M., Peschke, W.: Secular glacier mass balances derived from cumulative glacier length changes, Global Planet. Change, 36, 77–89, 2003.
Hoke, G. D. and Turcotte, D. L.: The weathering of stones due to dissolution, Environ. Geol., 46, 305–310, 2002
Holzhauser, H., Magny, M., and Zumbühl, H. J.: Glacier and lake-level variations in west-central Europe over the last 3500 years, Holocene, 15, 789–801, 2005.
Huntley, D. J., Godfrey-Smith, D. I., and Thewalt, M. L.: Optical dating of sediments, Nature, 313, 105–107, 1985.
Ilyashuk, E. A., Koinig, K. A., Heiri, O., Ilyashuk, B. P., and Psenner, R.: Holocene temperature variations at a high-altitude site in the Eastern Alps: a chironomid record from Schwarzsee ob Solden, Austria, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 176–191, 2011.
Ivy-Ochs, S.: The Dating of Rock Surfaces Using in Situ Produced 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl, with Examples from Antarctica and the Swiss Alps (PhD thesis), ETH, Zurich, 1996.
Ivy-Ochs, S., Schaefer, J., Kubik, P., Synal, H. A., and Schlüchter, C.: Timing of deglaciation on the northern Alpine foreland (Switzerland), Eclogae Geol. Helv., 97, 47–55, 2004.
Ivy-Ochs, S., Kerschner, H., Reuther, A., Maisch, M., Sailer, R., Schaefer, J., Kubik, P. W., Synal, H.-A., and Schluchter, C.: The timing of glacier advances in the northern European Alps based on surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, and 21Ne, Geol. S. Am. S., 415, 43–60, 2006.
Ivy-Ochs, S., Kerschner, H., Maisch, M., Christl, M., Kubik, P. W., and Schluchter, C.: Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier variations in the European Alps, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 28, 2137–2149, 2009.
Ivy-Ochs, S. and Briner, J. P.: Dating disappearing ice with cosmogenic nuclides, Elements, 10, 351–356, 2014.
Ivy-Ochs, S.: Glacier variations in the European Alps at the end of the last glaciation, Cuadernos de investigación geográfica, 41, 295–315, 2015.
Jenkins, G. T. H., Duller, G. A. T., Roberts, H. M., Chiverrell, R. C., and Glasser, N. F.: A new approach for luminescence dating glaciofluvial deposits – high precision optical dating of cobbles, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 192, 263–273, 2018.
Joerin, U., Stocker, T. F., and Schlüchter, C.: Multicentury glacier fluctuations in the Swiss Alps, Holocene, 16, 697–704, 2006.
Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Cattani, O., Dreyfus, G., Falourd, S., Hoffmann, G., Minster, B., Nouet, J., Barnola, J. M., Chappellaz, J., Fischer, H., Gallet, J. C., Johnsen, S., Leuenberger, M., Loulergue, L., Luethi, D., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Schilt, A., Schwander, J., Selmo, E., Souchez, R., Spahni, R., Stauffer, B., Steffensen, J. P., Stenni, B., Stocker, T. F., Tison, J. L., Werner, M., and Wolff, E. W.: Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years, Science, 317, 793–796, 2007.
Kars, R. H., Reimann, T., and Wallinga, J.: Are feldspar SAR protocols appropriate for post-IR IRSL dating?, Quat. Geochronol., 22, 126–136, 2014.
Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A.: Potential weathering by freeze-thaw action in alpine rocks in the European Alps during a nine year monitoring period, Geomorphology, 296, 113–131, 2017.
Kelly, M. A., Buoncristiani, J.-F., and Schlüchter, C.: A reconstruction of the last glacial maximum (LGM) ice surface geometry in the western Swiss Alps and contiguous Alpine regions in Italy and France, Eclogae Geol. Helv., 97, 57–75, 2004.
King, G., Herman, F., Lambert, R., Valla, P., and Guralnik, B.: Multi-OSL-thermochronometry of feldspar, Quat. Geochronol., 33, 76–87, 2016.
King, G. E., Valla, P. G., and Lehmann, B.: OSL Rock Surface and Rock Surface-Exposure Dating, Invited contribution to “Handbook of Luminescence Dating”, edited by: Bateman, M. and Bailiff, I., 2018.
Kirkbride, M. P. and Bell, C. M.: Edge-roundness of boulders of Torridonian Sandstone (northwest Scotland): applications for relative dating and implications for warm and cold climate weathering rates, Boreas, 39, 187–198, 2010.
Klasen, N., Fiebig, M., Preusser, F., Reitner, J. M., and Radtke, U.: Luminescence dating of proglacial sediments from the Eastern Alps, Quat. Int., 164, 21–32, 2007.
Kleman, J.: Preservation of landforms under ice sheets and ice caps, Geomorphology, 9, 19–32, 1994.
Kleman, J. and Borgstrom, I.: Glacial land forms indicative of a partly frozen bed, J. Glaciol., 40, 255–264, 2006.
Kleman, J., Hattestrand, C., Stroeven, A. P., Jansson, K. N., De Angelis, H., and Borgstrom, I.: Reconstruction of Palaeo- Ice Sheets – Inversion of their Glacial Geomorphological Record, in: Glacier Science and Environmental Change, edited by: Knight, P. G., Blackwell, Malden, MA, 2006.
Kleman, J., Jansson, K., De Angelis, H., Stroeven, A., Hattestrand, C., Alm, G., and Glasser, N.: North American ice sheet build-up during the last glacial cycle, 115-21 kyr, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 2036–2051, 2010.
Kohl, C. P. and Nishiizumi, K.: Chemical isolation of quartz for measurement of in-situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 56, 3583–3587, 1992.
Koppes, M. and Montgomery, D.: The relative efficacy of fluvial and glacial erosion over modern to orogenic timescales, Nat. Geosci., 2, 644–647, 2009.
Kuhlemann, J., Rohling, E. J., Krumrei, I., Kubik, P., Ivy-Ochs, S., and Kucera, M.: Regional synthesis of Mediterranean atmospheric circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum, Science, 321, 1338–1340, 2008.
Laj, C., Kissel, C., and Beer, J.: High resolution global Paleointensity Stack since 75 kyr (GLOPIS-75) calibrated to Absolute values, Timescales Paleomagnetic Field, Geoph. Monog. Series, 145, 255–265, 2004.
Lal, D. and Peters, B.: Cosmic ray produced radioactivity on the Earth, in Handbuch der Physick, Springer, Berlin, XLVI, 551–612, 1967.
Lal, D.: Cosmic ray labeling of erosion surfaces: in situ nuclide production rates and erosion models, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 104, 424–439, 1991.
Lang, A. and Honscheidt, S.: Age and source of colluvial sediments at Vaihingen-Enz, Germany, Catena, 38, 89–107, 1999.
Lasaga, A. C., Soler, J. M., Ganor, J., Burch, T. E., and Nagy, K. L.: Chemical weathering rate laws and global geochemical cycles, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 58, 2361–2386, 1994.
Laskaris, N. and Liritzis, I.: A new mathematical approximation of sunlight attenuation in rocks for surface luminescence dating, J. Lumin., 131, 1874–1884, 2011.
Le Roy, M., Nicolussi, K., Deline, P., Astrade, L., Edouard, J.-L., Miramont, C., and Arnaud, F.: Calendar-dated glacier variations in the western European Alps during the Neoglacial: the Mer de Glace record, Mont Blanc massif, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 108, 1–22, 2015.
Lean, J.: Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance Variations: A review, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 839–968, 1987.
Lehmann, B., Valla, P. G., King, G. E., and Herman, F.: Investigation of OSL surface exposure dating to reconstruct post-LIA glacier fluctuations in the French Alps (Mer de Glace, Mont Blanc massif), Quat. Geochronol., 44, 63–74, 2018.
Leloup, P. H., Arnaud, N., Sobel, E. R., and Lacassin, R.: Alpine thermal and structural evolution of the highest external crystalline massif: The Mont Blanc, Tectonics, 24, TC4002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004TC001676, 2005.
Lifton, N. A., Sato, T., and Dunai, T. J.: Scaling in situ cosmogenic nuclide production rates using analytical approximations to atmospheric cosmic-ray fluxes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 386, 149–160, 2014.
Liritzis, I.: A new dating method by thermoluminescence of carved megalithic stone building, Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, Série 2, Sciences de la terre et des planètes, 319, 603–610, 1994.
Liritzis, I.: Surface dating by luminescence: an overview, Geochronometria, 38, 292–302, 2011.
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: Plio-Pleistocene climate evolution: trends and transitions in glacial cycle dynamics, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 56–69, 2007.
Lister, G. S.: A 15,000-year isotopic record from Lake Zürich of deglaciation and climatic change in Switzerland, Quaternary Res., 29, 129–141, 1988.
Liu, T. and Broecker, W. S.: Holocene rock varnish microstratigraphy and its chronometric application in the drylands of western USA, Geomorphology, 84, 1–21, 2007.
Łoziński, M. W.: uber die mechanische Verwitterung der Sandsteine im gemassibten Klima. Académie des sciences de cracovie, Bulletin internationale, classe de science, mathématiques et naturelles 1: 1–25, 1909. (English translation by Mrozek Teresa: On the mechanical weathering of sandstones in temperate climates, In Cold Climate Landforms, Evans DJA , Wiley, Chichester, 119–134, 1992).
Luetscher, M., Boch, R., Sodemann, H., Spotl, C., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Frisia, S., and Muller, W.: North Atlantic storm track changes during the Last Glacial Maximum recorded by Alpine speleothems, Nat. Commun., 6, 6344, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7344, 2015.
Luthi, M. and Funk, M.: Modelling heat flow in a cold, high-altitude glacier: Interpretation of measurements from Colle Gnifetti, Swiss Alps, J. Glaciol., 47, 314–324, 2001.
Martin, L. C. P., Blard, P.-H., Balco, G., Lave J., Delunel, R., Lifton, N., and Laurent V.: The CREp program and the ICE-D production rate calibration database: A fully parameterizable and updated online tool to compute cosmicray exposure ages, Quat. Geochronol., 38, 25–49, 2017.
Matsuoka, N.: The rate of bedrock weathering by frost action: field measurements and a predictive model, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 15, 73–90, 1990.
Matsuoka, N. and Murton, J.: Frost weathering: recent advances and future directions, Permafrost Periglac., 19, 195–210, 2008.
Meyer, M. C., Gliganic, L. A., Jain, M., and Sohbati, R.: Lithological controls on light penetration into rock surfaces – implications for OSL and IRSL surface exposure dating, LED proceedings, Radiat. Meas., 120, 298–304, 2018.
Millet, L., Arnaud, F., Heiri, O., Magny, M., Verneaux, V., and Desmet, M.: Late-Holocene summer temperature reconstruction from chironomid assemblages of Lake Anterne, northern French Alps, Holocene, 19, 317–328, 2009.
Miller, K. G., Fairbanks, R. G., and Mountain, G. S.: Tertiary oxygen isotope synthesis, sea level history, and continental margin erosion, Paleoceanography, 2, 1–19, 1987.
Mitchell, S. G. and Montgomery, D. R.: Influence of a glacial buzzsaw on the height and morphology of the Cascade Range in central Washington State, USA, Quaternary Res., 65, 96–107, 2006.
Molnar, P. and England, P.: Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change: Chicken or egg?, Nature, 346, 29–34, 1990.
Monegato, G., Ravazzi, C., Donegana, M., Pini, R., Calderoni, G., and Wick, L.: Evidence of a two-fold glacial advance during the last glacial maximum in the Tagliamento end moraine system (eastern Alps), Quaternary Res., 68, 284–302, 2007.
Montgomery, D. R.: Valley formation by fluvial and glacial erosion, Geology, 30, 1047–1050, 2002.
Moses, C., Robinson, D., and Barlow, J.: Methods for measuring rock surface weathering and erosion: A critical review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 135, 141–161, 2014.
Murray, A. S. and Roberts, R. G.: Measurement of the equivalent dose in quartz using a regenerative-dose single-aliquot protocol, Radiat. Meas., 29, 503–515, 1998.
Murray, A. S. and Wintle, A. G.: Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol, Radiat. Meas., 32, 57–73, 2000.
Nicholson, D. T.: Rock control on microweathering of bedrock surfaces in a periglacial environment, Geomorphology, 101, 655–665, 2008.
Nicolussi, K. and Schlüchter, C.: The 8.2 ka event e calendar dated glacier response in the Alps, Geology, 40, 819–822, 2012.
Nicolussi, K., Kaufmann, M., Patzelt, G., van der Plicht, J., and Thurner, A.: Holocene tree-line variability in the Kauner Valley, Central Eastern Alps, indicated by dendrochronological analysis of living trees and subfossil logs, Veg. Hist. Archaeobot., 14, 221–234, 2005.
Nishiizumi, K., Imamura, M., Caffee, M. W., Southon, J. R., Finkel, R. C., and McAninch, J.: Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 258, 403–413, 2007.
Noetzli, J., Gruber, S., Kohl, T., Salzmann, N., and Haeberli,W.: Three-dimensional distribution and evolution of permafrost temperatures in idealized high-mountain topography, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 112, F02S13, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JF000545, 2007.
Nussbaumer, S., Zumbuhl, H. J., and Steiner, D.: Fluctuations of the Mer de glace (Mont Blanc area, France) AD 1500-2050, An interdisciplinary approach using new historical data and neural network simulations, Zeitschrift fur Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie ZGG, 5–175, 2007.
Ou, X. J., Roberts, H. M., Duller, G. A. T., Gunn, M. D., and Perkins, W. T.: Attenuation of light in different rock types and implications for rock surface luminescence dating, Radiat. Meas., 120, 305–311, 2018.
Pavon-Carrasco, F. J., Osete, M. L., Torta, J. M., and De Santis, A.: A geomagnetic field model for the Holocene based on archaeomagnetic and lava flow data, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 388, 98–109, 2014.
Peizhen, Z., Molnar, P., and Downs, W. R.: Increased sedimentation rates and grain sizes 2-4 Myr ago due to the influence of climate change on erosion rates, Nature, 410, 891–897, 2001.
Penck, A. and Brückner, E.: Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter, Tauchitz, Leipzig, 1901/1909.
Penck, A.: Glacial features in the surface of the Alps, J. Geol., 13, 1–19, 1905.
Polikreti, K., Michael, C., and Maniatis, Y.: Authenticating marble sculpture with thermoluminescence, Ancient TL, 20, 11–18, 2002.
Polikreti, K., Michael, C., and Maniatis, Y.: Thermoluminescence characteristics of marble and dating of freshly excavated marble objects, Radiat. Meas., 37, 87–94, 2003.
Portenga, E. W. and Bierman, P. R.: Understanding earth's eroding surface with 10Be, GSA Today 21, 4–10, 2011.
Preusser, F.: Towards a chronology of the Late Pleistocene in the northern Alpine Foreland, Boreas, 33, 195–210, 2004.
Preusser, F., Graf, H. R., Keller, O., Krayss, E., and Schlüchter, C.: Quaternary glaciation history of northern Switzerland, Quaternary Sci. J., 60, 282–305, 2011.
Rabatel, A., Letréguilly, A., Dedieu, J.-P., and Eckert, N.: Changes in glacier equilibrium-line altitude in the western Alps from 1984 to 2010: evaluation by remote sensing and modeling of the morpho-topographic and climate controls, The Cryosphere, 7, 1455–1471, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1455-2013, 2013.
Rabatel, A., Dedieu, J. P., and Vincent, C.: Spatio-temporal changes in glacier-wide mass balance quantified by optical remote sensing on 30 glaciers in the French Alps for the period 1983-2014, J. Glaciol., 62, 1153–1166, 2016.
Rades, E. F., Sohbati, R., Luthgens, C., Jain, M., and Murray, A. S.: First luminescence-depth profiles from boulders from moraine deposits: Insights into glaciation chronology and transport dynamics in Malta valley, Austria, Radiat. Meas., 120, 281–289, 2018.
Raup, B., Racoviteanu A., Khalsa S. J. S., Helm C., Armstrong R., and Arnaud Y.: The GLIMS geospatial glacier database: a new tool for studying glacier change, Global Planet. Change, 56, 101–110, 2007a.
Ravazzi, C., Badino, F., Marsetti, D., Patera, G., and Reimer, P. J.: Glacial to paraglacial history and forest recovery in the Oglio glacier system (Italian Alps) between 26 and 15 ka cal BP, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 58, 146–161, 2012.
Raymo, M. E. and Ruddiman, W. F.: Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate, Nature, 359, 117–122, 1992.
Reber, R., Akcar, N., Ivy-Ochs, S., Tikhomirov, D., Burkhalter, R., Zahno, C., Lüthold A., Kubik, P. W., Vockenhuber, C., and Schluchter, C.: Timing of retreat of the Reuss glacier (Switzerland) at the end of the last glacial maximum, Swiss, J. Geosci., 1–15, 2014.
Regard, V., Dewez, T., Bourlès, D. L., Anderson, R. S., Duperret, A., Costa, S., Leanni, L., Lasseur, E., Pedoja, K., and Maillet, G. M.: Late Holocene seacliff retreat recorded by 10Be profiles across a coastal platform: theory and example from the English Channel, Quat. Geochronol., 11, 87–97, 2012.
Reitner, J.: Glacial dynamics at the beginning of Termination I in the Eastern Alps and their stratigraphic implications, Quatern. Int. ,164–165, 64–84, 2007.
Rhodes, E. J.: Optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments over the past 200,000 years, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 39, 461–488, 2011.
Richards, M.P .: Luminescence dating of quartzite from the Diring Yuriakh site, MA Thesis, Simon Fraser University, unpublished, 1994.
Scherler, D.: Climatic limits to headwall retreat in the Khumbu Himalaya, eastern Nepal, Geology, 42, 1019–1022, 2015.
Schimmelpfennig, I., Schaefer, J. M., Akçar, N., Koffman, T., Ivy-Ochs, S., Schwartz, R., Finkel, R. C., Zimmerman, S., and Schluchter, C.: A chronology of Holocene and Little Ice Age glacier culminations of the Steingletscher, Central Alps, Switzerland, based on high-sensitivity beryllium-10 moraine dating, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 393, 220–230, 2014.
Schindelwig, I., Akçar, N., Kubik, P., and Schluchter, C.: Lateglacial and early Holocene dynamics of adjacent valley glaciers in the Western Swiss Alps, J. Quaternary Sci., 27, 114–124, 2012.
Schluchter, C.: A non-classical summary of the Quaternary stratigraphy in the northern alpine foreland of Switzerland, Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise de Géographie, 32, 143–157, 1988.
Schluchter, C. and Rothlisberger, C.: 100,000 jahre gletschergeschichte, in: Gletscher im standigen Wandel, 47–63, 1995.
Schmidt, R., Roth, M., Tessadri, R., and Weckstrom, K.: Disentangling late- Holocene climate and land use impacts on an Austrian alpine lake using seasonal temperature anomalies, ice-cover, sedimentology, and pollen tracers, J. Paleolimnol., 40, 453–469, 2008.
Schumer, R. and Jerolmack, D. J.: Real and apparent changes in sediment deposition rates through time, J. Geophys. Res., 114, F00A06, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001266, 2009.
Schweingruber, F. H.: Wood structure and Environment, in: Springer Series in Wood Science, Springer, Heidelberg, 279 pp., 2007.
Seguinot, J., Ivy-Ochs, S., Jouvet, G., Huss, M., Funk, M., and Preusser, F.: Modelling last glacial cycle ice dynamics in the Alps, The Cryosphere, 12, 3265–3285, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3265-2018, 2018.
Shackleton, N. J. and Opdyke, N. D.: Oxygen isotope and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of Equatorial Pacific core V28-238: Oxygen isotope temperatures and ice volumes on a 105 year and 106 year scale, Quaternary Res., 3, 39–55, 1973.
Siman-Tov, S., Stock, G. M., Brodsky, E. E., and White, J. C.: The coating layer of glacial polish, Geol. Soc. Am., 11, 987–990, 2017.
Simkins, L. M., Simms, A. R., and DeWitt, R.: Relative sea-level history of Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula derived from optically stimulated luminescence-dated beach cobbles, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 77, 141–155, 2013.
Simms, A. R., DeWitt, R., Kouremenos, P., and Drewry, A. M.: A new approach to reconstructing sea levels in Antarctica using optically stimulated luminescence of cobble surfaces, Quat. Geochronol., 6, 50–60, 2011.
Singarayer, J. S.: Linearly modulated optically stimulated luminescence of sedimentary quartz: Physical mechanisms and implications for dating, D. Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, 345 pp., 2002.
Six, D. and Vincent, C.: Sensitivity of mass balance and equilibrium-line altitude to climate change in the French Alps, J. Glaciol., 60, 867–878, 2014.
Smiraglia, C., Azzoni, R. S., D'Agata, C., Matagno, D., Fugazza D., and Diolaiutu, G. A.: The evolution of the italian glaciers from the previous data base to the new italian inventory, Preliminary considerations and results, Geogr. Fis. Din. Quat., 38, 79–87, 2015.
Sohbati, R., Murray, A., Jain, M., Buylaert, J.-P., and Thomsen, K.: Investigating the resetting of OSL signals in rock surfaces, Geochronometria, 38, 249–258, 2011.
Sohbati, R., Jain, M., and Murray, A.: Surface exposure dating of non-terrestrial bodies using optically stimulated luminescence: A new method, Icarus, 221, 160–166, 2012a.
Sohbati, R., Murray, A. S., Buylaert, J.-P., Almeida, N. A. C., and Cunha, P. P.: Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartzite cobbles from the Tapada do Montinho archaeological site (east-central Portugal), Boreas, 41, 452–462, 2012b.
Sohbati, R., Murray, A. S., Porat, N., Jain, M., and Avner, U.: Age of a prehistoric “Rodedian” cult site constrained by sediment and rock surface luminescence dating techniques, Quat. Geochronol., 30, 90–99, 2015.
Sohbati, R., Liu, J., Jain, M., Murray, A., Egholm, D., Paris, R., and Guralnik, B.: Centennial-to millennial-scale hard rock erosion rates deduced from luminescence-depth profiles, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 493, 218–230, 2018.
Stephenson, W. J. and Finlayson, B. L.: Measuring erosion with the microerosion meter—contributions to understanding landform evolution, Earth-Sci. Rev., 95, 53–62, 2009.
Stewart, M., Grosjean, M., Kuglitsch, F. G., Nussbaumer, S. U.,and von Gunten, L.: Reconstructions of Late Holocene paleofloods and glacier length changes in the Upper Engadine, Switzerland (ca. 1450 BC – AD 420), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 311, 215–123, 2011b.
Stone, J. O.: Air pressure and cosmogenic isotope production, J. Geophys. Res., 105759, 753–823, 2000.
Strandberg, G., Brandefelt, J., Kjellstrom, E., and Smith, B.: High resolution regional simulation of last glacial maximum climate in Europe, Tellus A, 63, 107–125, 2001.
Sugden, D. E., Glasser, N., and Clapperton, C. M.: Evolution of large roches moutonnées, Geograska Annaler Series A, Phys. Geogr., 74, 253–264, 1992.
Suter, S., Laternser, M., Haeberli, W., Hoelzle, M., and Frauenfelder, R.: Cold firn and ice of high-altitude glaciers in the Alps: Measurements and distribution modeling, J. Glaciol., 47, 85–96, 2001.
Suter, S.: Cold firn and ice in the Monte Rosa and Mont Blanc areas: Spatial occurrence, surface energy balance and climate evidence, PhD thesis, Versuchsanst. fur Wasserbau, Hydrol. und Glaziol., ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2002.
Tachiya, M. and Mozumder, A.: Decay of trapped electronics by tunnelling to scavenger molecules in low-temperature glasses, Chem. Phys. Lett., 28, 87–89, 1974.
Theocaris, P., Liritzis, I., and Galloway, R.: Dating of two Hellenic pyramids by a novel application of thermoluminescence, J. Archaeol. Sci., 24, 399–405, 1997.
Tinner, W. and Theurillat, J. P.: Uppermost limit, extent, and fluctuations of the timberline and treeline ecocline in the Swiss Central Alps during the past 11 500 years, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 35, 158–169, 2003.
Turowski, J. M. and Cook, K. L.: Field techniques for measuring bedrock erosion and denudation, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 42, 109–127, 2017.
Uppala, S. M., Kallberg, P. W., Simmons, A. J., Andrae, U., Bechtold, V. D. C., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J. K., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G. A., Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka, N., Allan, R. P., Andersson, E., Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M. A., Beljaars, A. C. M., Van De Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Caires, S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac, M., Fisher, M., Fuentes, M., Hagemann, S., Holm, E., Hoskins, B.J., Isaksen, L., Janssen, P. A. E. M., Jenne, R., Mcnally, A. P., Mahfouf, J.-F., Morcrette, J.-J., Rayner, N. A., Saunders, R. W., Simon, P., Sterl, A., Trenberth, K. E., Untch, A., Vasiljevic, D., Viterbo, P., and Woollen, J.: The ERA-40 re-analysis, Q. J. Royal Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961–3012, 2005.
Vafiadou, A., Murray, A., and Liritzis, I.: Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating investigations of rock and underlying soil from three case studies, J. Archaeol. Sci., 34, 1659–1669, 2007.
Valla, P. G., Lowick, S. E., Herman, F., Champagnac, J.-D., Steer, P., and Guralnik, B.: Exploring IRSL50 fading variability in bedrock feldspars and implications for OSL thermochronometry, Quat. Geochronol., 36, 55–66, 2016.
van Husen, D.: Die Ostalpen in den Eiszeiten, Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien, 1987.
van Husen, D.: LGM and late-glacial fluctuations in the Eastern Alps, Quatern. Int., 38–39, 109–118, 1997.
Vescovi E., Ravazzi C., Arpenti E., Finsinger W., Pini R., Valsecchi V., Wick L., Ammann B., and Tinner W.: Interactions between climate and vegetation during the Lateglacial period as recorded by lake and mire sediment archives in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 1650–1669, 2007.
Vincent, C., Le Meur E., Six, D., Possenti, P., Lefebvre E., and Funk, M.: Climate warming revealed by englacial temperatures at Col du Dôme (4250 m, Mont Blanc area), Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16502, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL029933, 2007.
Vincent, C., Harter, M., Gilbert, A., Berthier, E., and Six, D.: Future fluctuations of Mer de Glace, French Alps, assessed using a parameterized model calibrated with past thickness changes, Ann. Glaciol., 55, 15–24, 2014.
Visocekas, R.: Tunneling in afterglow, its coexistence and interweaving with thermally stimulated luminescence, Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 100, 45–54, 2002.
Vis̆njević, V., Herman, F., and Podladchikov, Y.: Reconstructing spatially variable mass balances from past ice extents by inverse modeling, J. Glaciol., 64, 957–968, 2018.
Vollweiler, N., Scholz, D., Muhlinghaus, C., Mangini, A., and Spotl, C.: A precisely dated climate record for the last 9 kyr from three high alpine stalagmites, Spannagel Cave, Austria, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L20703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027662, 2006.
von Blanckenburg, F. and Willenbring, J. K., Cosmogenic nuclides: Dates and rates of Earth-surface change, Elements, 10, 341–346, 2014.
Wallinga, J., Murray, A., and Wintle, A.: The single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol applied to coarse-grain feldspar, Radiat. Meas., 32, 529–533, 2000.
West, A. J.: Thickness of the chemical weathering zone and implications for erosional and climatic drivers of weathering and for carbon cycle feedbacks, Geology, 40, 811–814, 2012.
Winkler, S.: Lichenometric dating of the “Little Ice Age” maximum in Mt Cook National Park, Southern Alps, New Zealand, Holocene, 12, 911–920, 2004.
Wintle, A. G.: Anomalous fading of thermo-luminescence in mineral samples, Nature, 245, 143–144, 1973.
Wintle, A. G. and Murray, A. S.: A review of quartz optically stimulated luminescence characteristics and their relevance in single-aliquot regeneration dating protocols, Radiat. Meas., 41, 369–391, 2006.
Wirsig, C., Zasadni, J., Ivy-Ochs, S., Christl, M., Kober, F., and Schluchter, C.: A deglaciation model of the Oberhasli, Switzerland, J. Quaternary Sci., 31, 46–59, 2016a.
Wirsig, C., Zasadni, J., Christl, M., Akçar, N., and Ivy-Ochs, S.: Dating the onset of LGM ice surface lowering in the High Alps, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 143, 37–50, 2016b.
Zachos, J. C., Pagani, M., Sloan, L., Thomas, E., and Billups, K.: Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present, Science, 292, 686–693, 2001.
Zimmerman, S. G., Evenson, E. B., Gosse, J. C., and Erskine, C. P.: Extensive boulder erosion resulting from a range fire on the type-Pinedale moraines, Fremont Lake, Wyoming, Quaternary Res., 42, 255–265, 1994.
Download
The requested paper has a corresponding corrigendum published. Please read the corrigendum first before downloading the article.
- Article
(16060 KB) - Full-text XML
Short summary
Assessing the impact of glaciation at the Earth's surface requires simultaneous quantification of the impact of climate variability on past glacier fluctuations and on bedrock erosion. Here we present a new approach for evaluating post-glacial bedrock surface erosion in mountainous environments by combining two different surface exposure dating methods. This approach can be used to estimate how bedrock erosion rates vary spatially and temporally since glacier retreat in an alpine environment.
Assessing the impact of glaciation at the Earth's surface requires simultaneous quantification...
