Articles | Volume 8, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-17-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-17-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Jan 2020
Research article |
| 17 Jan 2020
| 17 Jan 2020
Temperature effects on the spatial structure of heavy rainfall modify catchment hydro-morphological response
Nadav Peleg
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Chris Skinner
Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull, UK
Simone Fatichi
Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Peter Molnar
Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich,
Switzerland
Related authors
Judith Eeckman, Brian De Grenus, Floreana Miesen, James Thornton, Philip Brunner, and Nadav Peleg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1832, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1832, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The fate of liquid water from melting snow in winter and spring is difficult to understand in the mountains. This work uses uncommon methods to accurately track the dynamics of snowmelt and infiltration at different depths in the ground and at different altitudes. The results show that melting snow quickly infiltrates into the upper layers of the soil but is also quickly transferred into the surface layer of the soil along the slopes towards the river.
Tabea Cache, Milton Salvador Gomez, Tom Beucler, Jovan Blagojevic, João Paulo Leitao, and Nadav Peleg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-63, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-63, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new deep-learning model that addresses limitations of existing urban flood models in handling varied terrains and rainfall events. Our model subdivides the city into small patches and presents a novel approach to incorporate broader spatial information. It accurately predicts high-resolution flood maps across diverse rainfall events and cities (on a minutes and meters scale) that haven’t been seen by the model, which offers valuable insights for urban flood mitigation strategies.
Mosisa Tujuba Wakjira, Nadav Peleg, Johan Six, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-37, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
While rainwater is a key resource in crop production, its productivity faces challenges from climate change. Using a simple model of climate, water, and crop yield interactions, we found that rain-scarce croplands in Ethiopia are likely to experience decreases in crop yield during the main growing season, primarily due to future temperature increases. These insights are crucial for shaping future water management plans, policies, and informed decision-making for climate adaptation.
Francesco Marra, Marika Koukoula, Antonio Canale, and Nadav Peleg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 375–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new physical-based method for estimating extreme sub-hourly precipitation return levels (i.e., intensity–duration–frequency, IDF, curves), which are critical for the estimation of future floods. The proposed model, named TENAX, incorporates temperature as a covariate in a physically consistent manner. It has only a few parameters and can be easily set for any climate station given sub-hourly precipitation and temperature data are available.
Nadav Peleg, Herminia Torelló-Sentelles, Grégoire Mariéthoz, Lionel Benoit, João P. Leitão, and Francesco Marra
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1233–1240, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Floods in urban areas are one of the most common natural hazards. Due to climate change enhancing extreme rainfall and cities becoming larger and denser, the impacts of these events are expected to increase. A fast and reliable flood warning system should thus be implemented in flood-prone cities to warn the public of upcoming floods. The purpose of this brief communication is to discuss the potential implementation of low-cost acoustic rainfall sensors in short-term flood warning systems.
Michael Schirmer, Adam Winstral, Tobias Jonas, Paolo Burlando, and Nadav Peleg
The Cryosphere, 16, 3469–3488, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rain is highly variable in time at a given location so that there can be both wet and dry climate periods. In this study, we quantify the effects of this natural climate variability and other sources of uncertainty on changes in flooding events due to rain on snow (ROS) caused by climate change. For ROS events with a significant contribution of snowmelt to runoff, the change due to climate was too small to draw firm conclusions about whether there are more ROS events of this important type.
Francesco Marra, Efrat Morin, Nadav Peleg, Yiwen Mei, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2389–2404, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2389-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall frequency analyses from radar and satellite estimates over the eastern Mediterranean are compared examining different climatic conditions. Correlation between radar and satellite results is high for frequent events and decreases with return period. The uncertainty related to record length is larger for drier climates. The agreement between different sensors instills confidence on their use for rainfall frequency analysis in ungauged areas of the Earth.
Nadav Peleg, Frank Blumensaat, Peter Molnar, Simone Fatichi, and Paolo Burlando
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1559–1572, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1559-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1559-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the relative contribution of the spatial versus climatic rainfall variability for flow peaks by applying an advanced stochastic rainfall generator to simulate rainfall for a small urban catchment and simulate flow dynamics in the sewer system. We found that the main contribution to the total flow variability originates from the natural climate variability. The contribution of spatial rainfall variability to the total flow variability was found to increase with return periods.
N. Peleg, E. Shamir, K. P. Georgakakos, and E. Morin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 567–581, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-567-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-567-2015, 2015
N. Peleg, M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2195–2208, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013, 2013
Yue Zhu, Paolo Burlando, Puay Yok Tan, Christian Geiß, and Simone Fatichi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-207, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-207, 2024
Preprint under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
This study addresses the challenge of accurately predicting floods in regions with limited terrain data. By utilizing a deep learning model, we developed a method that improves the resolution of digital elevation data by fusing low-resolution elevation data with high-resolution satellite imagery. This approach not only substantially enhances flood prediction accuracy, but also holds potential for broader applications in simulating natural hazards that require terrain information.
Shanti Shwarup Mahto, Simone Fatichi, and Stefano Galelli
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-441, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-441, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
The MSEA-Res database offers an open-access dataset tracking absolute water storage for 185 large reservoirs across Mainland Southeast Asia from 1985–2023. It provides valuable insights into how reservoir storage has grown by 130 % between 2008 and 2017, driven by dams in key river basins. Our data also reveal how droughts, like the 2019–2020 event, significantly impacted water reservoirs. This resource can aid water management, drought planning, and research globally.
Jordi Buckley Paules, Simone Fatichi, Bonnie Warring, and Athanasios Paschalis
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2072, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We outline and validate developments to the pre-existing process-based model T&C to better represent cropland processes. Foreseen applications of T&C-CROP include hydrological and carbon storage implications of land-use transitions involving crop, forest, and pasture conversion, as well as studies on optimal irrigation and fertilization under a changing climate.
Joshua M. Wolstenholme, Christopher J. Skinner, David J. Milan, Robert E. Thomas, and Daniel R. Parsons
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2132, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Leaky wooden dams are a type of natural flood management intervention that aim to reduce flood risk downstream by temporarily holding back water during a storm event and releasing it afterwards. These structures alter the river hydrology, and therefore the geomorphology, yet often this is excluded from numerical models. Here we show that by not simulating geomorphology we are currently underestimating the efficacy of these structures to reduce the flood peak and store water.
Judith Eeckman, Brian De Grenus, Floreana Miesen, James Thornton, Philip Brunner, and Nadav Peleg
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1832, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1832, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The fate of liquid water from melting snow in winter and spring is difficult to understand in the mountains. This work uses uncommon methods to accurately track the dynamics of snowmelt and infiltration at different depths in the ground and at different altitudes. The results show that melting snow quickly infiltrates into the upper layers of the soil but is also quickly transferred into the surface layer of the soil along the slopes towards the river.
Tobias Karl David Weber, Lutz Weihermüller, Attila Nemes, Michel Bechtold, Aurore Degré, Efstathios Diamantopoulos, Simone Fatichi, Vilim Filipović, Surya Gupta, Tobias L. Hohenbrink, Daniel R. Hirmas, Conrad Jackisch, Quirijn de Jong van Lier, John Koestel, Peter Lehmann, Toby R. Marthews, Budiman Minasny, Holger Pagel, Martine van der Ploeg, Shahab Aldin Shojaeezadeh, Simon Fiil Svane, Brigitta Szabó, Harry Vereecken, Anne Verhoef, Michael Young, Yijian Zeng, Yonggen Zhang, and Sara Bonetti
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 3391–3433, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3391-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-3391-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are used to predict parameters of models describing the hydraulic properties of soils. The appropriateness of these predictions critically relies on the nature of the datasets for training the PTFs and the physical comprehensiveness of the models. This roadmap paper is addressed to PTF developers and users and critically reflects the utility and future of PTFs. To this end, we present a manifesto aiming at a paradigm shift in PTF research.
Yiran Wang, Naika Meili, and Simone Fatichi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-768, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-768, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study uses climate model simulations and process-based ecohydrological modeling to assess the direct and climate feedback induced effects of solar radiation changes on hydrological variables. Results show that solar radiation without climate feedback primarily affects sensible heat with limited effects on hydrology and vegetation. However, climate feedback exacerbates the effects of radiation changes on evapotranspiration and affects vegetation productivity.
Tabea Cache, Milton Salvador Gomez, Tom Beucler, Jovan Blagojevic, João Paulo Leitao, and Nadav Peleg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-63, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-63, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new deep-learning model that addresses limitations of existing urban flood models in handling varied terrains and rainfall events. Our model subdivides the city into small patches and presents a novel approach to incorporate broader spatial information. It accurately predicts high-resolution flood maps across diverse rainfall events and cities (on a minutes and meters scale) that haven’t been seen by the model, which offers valuable insights for urban flood mitigation strategies.
Mosisa Tujuba Wakjira, Nadav Peleg, Johan Six, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-37, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-37, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
While rainwater is a key resource in crop production, its productivity faces challenges from climate change. Using a simple model of climate, water, and crop yield interactions, we found that rain-scarce croplands in Ethiopia are likely to experience decreases in crop yield during the main growing season, primarily due to future temperature increases. These insights are crucial for shaping future water management plans, policies, and informed decision-making for climate adaptation.
Francesco Marra, Marika Koukoula, Antonio Canale, and Nadav Peleg
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 375–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-375-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-375-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new physical-based method for estimating extreme sub-hourly precipitation return levels (i.e., intensity–duration–frequency, IDF, curves), which are critical for the estimation of future floods. The proposed model, named TENAX, incorporates temperature as a covariate in a physically consistent manner. It has only a few parameters and can be easily set for any climate station given sub-hourly precipitation and temperature data are available.
Jessica Droujko, Srividya Hariharan Sudha, Gabriel Singer, and Peter Molnar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 881–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined data from satellite images with data measured from a kayak in order to understand the propagation of fine sediment in the Vjosa River. We were able to find some storm-activated and some permanent sources of sediment. We also estimated how much fine sediment is carried into the Adriatic Sea by the Vjosa River: approximately 2.5 Mt per year, which matches previous findings. With our work, we hope to show the potential of open-access satellite images.
Christopher J. Skinner and Thomas J. Coulthard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models allow us to simulate the way the Earth's surface is shaped and help us to understand relevant processes, in turn helping us to manage landscapes better. The models typically represent the land surface using a grid of square cells of equal size, averaging heights in those squares. This study shows that the size chosen by the modeller for these grid cells is important, with larger sizes making sediment output events larger but less frequent.
Tobias Siegfried, Aziz Ul Haq Mujahid, Beatrice Sabine Marti, Peter Molnar, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, and Andrey Yakovlev
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-520, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-520, 2023
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Our study investigates climate change impacts on water resources in Central Asia's high-mountain regions. Using new data and a stochastic soil moisture model, we found increased precipitation and higher temperatures in the future, leading to higher water discharge despite decreasing glacier melt contributions. These findings are crucial for understanding and preparing for climate change effects on Central Asia's water resources, with further research needed on extreme weather event impacts.
Nadav Peleg, Herminia Torelló-Sentelles, Grégoire Mariéthoz, Lionel Benoit, João P. Leitão, and Francesco Marra
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1233–1240, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1233-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1233-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Floods in urban areas are one of the most common natural hazards. Due to climate change enhancing extreme rainfall and cities becoming larger and denser, the impacts of these events are expected to increase. A fast and reliable flood warning system should thus be implemented in flood-prone cities to warn the public of upcoming floods. The purpose of this brief communication is to discuss the potential implementation of low-cost acoustic rainfall sensors in short-term flood warning systems.
Qinggang Gao, Christian Zeman, Jesus Vergara-Temprado, Daniela C. A. Lima, Peter Molnar, and Christoph Schär
Weather Clim. Dynam., 4, 189–211, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-189-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-189-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a vortex identification algorithm for realistic atmospheric simulations. The algorithm enabled us to obtain a climatology of vortex shedding from Madeira Island for a 10-year simulation period. This first objective climatological analysis of vortex streets shows consistency with observed atmospheric conditions. The analysis shows a pronounced annual cycle with an increasing vortex shedding rate from April to August and a sudden decrease in September.
Fabian Walter, Elias Hodel, Erik S. Mannerfelt, Kristen Cook, Michael Dietze, Livia Estermann, Michaela Wenner, Daniel Farinotti, Martin Fengler, Lukas Hammerschmidt, Flavia Hänsli, Jacob Hirschberg, Brian McArdell, and Peter Molnar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4011–4018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4011-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-4011-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are dangerous sediment–water mixtures in steep terrain. Their formation takes place in poorly accessible terrain where instrumentation cannot be installed. Here we propose to monitor such source terrain with an autonomous drone for mapping sediments which were left behind by debris flows or may contribute to future events. Short flight intervals elucidate changes of such sediments, providing important information for landscape evolution and the likelihood of future debris flows.
Stefano Manzoni, Simone Fatichi, Xue Feng, Gabriel G. Katul, Danielle Way, and Giulia Vico
Biogeosciences, 19, 4387–4414, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4387-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes leaves to close their stomata (through which water evaporates) but also promotes leaf growth. Even if individual leaves save water, how much will be consumed by a whole plant with possibly more leaves? Using different mathematical models, we show that plant stands that are not very dense and can grow more leaves will benefit from higher CO2 by photosynthesizing more while adjusting their stomata to consume similar amounts of water.
Michael Schirmer, Adam Winstral, Tobias Jonas, Paolo Burlando, and Nadav Peleg
The Cryosphere, 16, 3469–3488, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rain is highly variable in time at a given location so that there can be both wet and dry climate periods. In this study, we quantify the effects of this natural climate variability and other sources of uncertainty on changes in flooding events due to rain on snow (ROS) caused by climate change. For ROS events with a significant contribution of snowmelt to runoff, the change due to climate was too small to draw firm conclusions about whether there are more ROS events of this important type.
Silvan Ragettli, Tabea Donauer, Peter Molnar, Ron Delnoije, and Tobias Siegfried
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 797–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-797-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-797-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a novel methodology to identify and quantitatively analyze deposition and erosion patterns in ephemeral ponds or in perennial lakes with strong water level fluctuations. We apply this method to unravel the water and sediment balance of Lac Wégnia, a designated Ramsar site in Mali. The study can be a showcase for monitoring Sahelian lakes using remote sensing data, as it sheds light on the actual drivers of change in Sahelian lakes.
Stefan Fugger, Catriona L. Fyffe, Simone Fatichi, Evan Miles, Michael McCarthy, Thomas E. Shaw, Baohong Ding, Wei Yang, Patrick Wagnon, Walter Immerzeel, Qiao Liu, and Francesca Pellicciotti
The Cryosphere, 16, 1631–1652, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1631-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The monsoon is important for the shrinking and growing of glaciers in the Himalaya during summer. We calculate the melt of seven glaciers in the region using a complex glacier melt model and weather data. We find that monsoonal weather affects glaciers that are covered with a layer of rocky debris and glaciers without such a layer in different ways. It is important to take so-called turbulent fluxes into account. This knowledge is vital for predicting the future of the Himalayan glaciers.
Elena Leonarduzzi, Brian W. McArdell, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5937–5950, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5937-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5937-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides are a dangerous natural hazard affecting alpine regions, calling for effective warning systems. Here we consider different approaches for the prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides at the regional scale, based on open-access datasets and operational hydrological forecasting systems. We find antecedent wetness useful to improve upon the classical rainfall thresholds and the resolution of the hydrological model used for its estimate to be a critical aspect.
Jacob Hirschberg, Alexandre Badoux, Brian W. McArdell, Elena Leonarduzzi, and Peter Molnar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2773–2789, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2773-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2773-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Debris-flow prediction is often based on rainfall thresholds, but uncertainty assessments are rare. We established rainfall thresholds using two approaches and find that 25 debris flows are needed for uncertainties to converge in an Alpine basin and that the suitable method differs for regional compared to local thresholds. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of a statistical learning algorithm to improve threshold performance. These findings are helpful for early warning system development.
Martina Botter, Matthias Zeeman, Paolo Burlando, and Simone Fatichi
Biogeosciences, 18, 1917–1939, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1917-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1917-2021, 2021
Lianyu Yu, Simone Fatichi, Yijian Zeng, and Zhongbo Su
The Cryosphere, 14, 4653–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The role of soil water and heat transfer physics in portraying the function of a cold region ecosystem was investigated. We found that explicitly considering the frozen soil physics and coupled water and heat transfer is important in mimicking soil hydrothermal dynamics. The presence of soil ice can alter the vegetation leaf onset date and deep leakage. Different complexity in representing vadose zone physics does not considerably affect interannual energy, water, and carbon fluxes.
Marius G. Floriancic, Wouter R. Berghuijs, Tobias Jonas, James W. Kirchner, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5423–5438, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5423-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Low river flows affect societies and ecosystems. Here we study how precipitation and potential evapotranspiration shape low flows across a network of 380 Swiss catchments. Low flows in these rivers typically result from below-average precipitation and above-average potential evapotranspiration. Extreme low flows result from long periods of the combined effects of both drivers.
Elena Leonarduzzi and Peter Molnar
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2905–2919, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2905-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2905-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides are a natural hazard that affects alpine regions. Here we focus on rainfall-induced shallow landslides and one of the most widely used approaches for their predictions: rainfall thresholds. We design several comparisons utilizing a landslide database and rainfall records in Switzerland. We find that using daily rather than hourly rainfall might be a better option in some circumstances, and mean annual precipitation and antecedent wetness can improve predictions at the regional scale.
Giulia Battista, Peter Molnar, and Paolo Burlando
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 619–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-619-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-619-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Suspended sediment load in rivers is highly uncertain because of spatial and temporal variability. By means of a hydrology and suspended sediment transport model, we investigated the effect of spatial variability in precipitation and surface erodibility on catchment sediment fluxes in a mesoscale river basin.
We found that sediment load depends on the spatial variability in erosion drivers, as this affects erosion rates and the location and connectivity to the channel of the erosion areas.
Chris Skinner
Geosci. Commun., 3, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-1-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study demonstrates how the popular mediums of video games, virtual reality, and science festivals can be combined with research data to produce useful tools for engaging the public with geosciences. Using the Flash Flood! simulation, it is demonstrated that the approach produces positive engagements and increases curiosity about flood risk and geomorphology; this is hoped to "plant the seeds" for fruitful engagements in the future with relevant agencies.
Naika Meili, Gabriele Manoli, Paolo Burlando, Elie Bou-Zeid, Winston T. L. Chow, Andrew M. Coutts, Edoardo Daly, Kerry A. Nice, Matthias Roth, Nigel J. Tapper, Erik Velasco, Enrique R. Vivoni, and Simone Fatichi
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 335–362, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-335-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a novel urban ecohydrological model (UT&C v1.0) that is able to account for the effects of different plant types on the urban climate and hydrology, as well as the effects of the urban environment on plant well-being and performance. UT&C performs well when compared against energy flux measurements in three cities in different climates (Singapore, Melbourne, Phoenix) and can be used to assess urban climate mitigation strategies that aim at increasing or changing urban green cover.
Rolf Hut, Casper Albers, Sam Illingworth, and Chris Skinner
Geosci. Commun., 2, 117–124, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2-117-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2-117-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Game worlds in modern computer games, while they include very Earth-like landscapes, are ultimately fake. Since games can be used for learning, we wondered if people pick up wrong information from games. Using a survey we tested if people with a background in geoscience are better than people without such a background at distinguishing if game landscapes are realistic. We found that geoscientists are significantly better at this, but the difference is small and overall everyone is good at it.
Martina Botter, Paolo Burlando, and Simone Fatichi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1885–1904, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1885-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1885-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The study focuses on the solute export from rivers with the purpose of discerning the impacts of anthropic activities and catchment characteristics on water quality. The results revealed a more detectable impact of the anthropic activities than of the catchment characteristics. The solute export follows different dynamics depending on catchment characteristics and mainly on solute-specific properties. The export modality is consistent across different catchments only for a minority of solutes.
Christopher J. Skinner, Tom J. Coulthard, Wolfgang Schwanghart, Marco J. Van De Wiel, and Greg Hancock
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4873–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4873-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4873-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models are computer models used to understand how the Earth’s surface changes over time. Although designed to look at broad changes over very long time periods, they could potentially be used to predict smaller changes over shorter periods. However, to do this we need to better understand how the models respond to changes in their set-up – i.e. their behaviour. This work presents a method which can be applied to these models in order to better understand their behaviour.
Anna Costa, Daniela Anghileri, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3421–3434, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3421-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3421-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We analyse the control of hydroclimatic factors – erosive rainfall, ice melt, and snowmelt – on suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of Alpine catchments regulated by hydropower, and we develop a multivariate hydroclimatic–informed rating curve. We show that while erosive rainfall determines the variability of SSC, ice melt generates the highest contribution to SSC per unit of runoff. This approach allows the exploration of climate–driven changes in fine sediment dynamics in Alpine catchments.
Donghai Wu, Philippe Ciais, Nicolas Viovy, Alan K. Knapp, Kevin Wilcox, Michael Bahn, Melinda D. Smith, Sara Vicca, Simone Fatichi, Jakob Zscheischler, Yue He, Xiangyi Li, Akihiko Ito, Almut Arneth, Anna Harper, Anna Ukkola, Athanasios Paschalis, Benjamin Poulter, Changhui Peng, Daniel Ricciuto, David Reinthaler, Guangsheng Chen, Hanqin Tian, Hélène Genet, Jiafu Mao, Johannes Ingrisch, Julia E. S. M. Nabel, Julia Pongratz, Lena R. Boysen, Markus Kautz, Michael Schmitt, Patrick Meir, Qiuan Zhu, Roland Hasibeder, Sebastian Sippel, Shree R. S. Dangal, Stephen Sitch, Xiaoying Shi, Yingping Wang, Yiqi Luo, Yongwen Liu, and Shilong Piao
Biogeosciences, 15, 3421–3437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3421-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3421-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our results indicate that most ecosystem models do not capture the observed asymmetric responses under normal precipitation conditions, suggesting an overestimate of the drought effects and/or underestimate of the watering impacts on primary productivity, which may be the result of inadequate representation of key eco-hydrological processes. Collaboration between modelers and site investigators needs to be strengthened to improve the specific processes in ecosystem models in following studies.
Anna Costa, Peter Molnar, Laura Stutenbecker, Maarten Bakker, Tiago A. Silva, Fritz Schlunegger, Stuart N. Lane, Jean-Luc Loizeau, and Stéphanie Girardclos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 509–528, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-509-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-509-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the signal of a warmer climate in the suspended-sediment dynamics of a regulated and human-impacted Alpine catchment. We demonstrate that temperature-driven enhanced melting of glaciers, which occurred in the mid-1980s, played a dominant role in suspended sediment concentration rise, through increased runoff from sediment-rich proglacial areas, increased contribution of sediment-rich meltwater, and increased sediment supply in proglacial areas due to glacier recession.
Anna Costa, Daniela Anghileri, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-419, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-419, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a novel rating curve to simulate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in Alpine catchments (Process-Based Rating Curve, PBRC). Instead of relating SSC to discharge, as in traditional approaches, we model SSC by differentiating the potential contributions of the main erosional and transport processes of Alpine environments: erosive rainfall, snowmelt, and icemelt. We show that PBRC significantly improves predictions of SSC, especially when analysing climate-induced changes.
Francesco Marra, Efrat Morin, Nadav Peleg, Yiwen Mei, and Emmanouil N. Anagnostou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2389–2404, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2389-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2389-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall frequency analyses from radar and satellite estimates over the eastern Mediterranean are compared examining different climatic conditions. Correlation between radar and satellite results is high for frequent events and decreases with return period. The uncertainty related to record length is larger for drier climates. The agreement between different sensors instills confidence on their use for rainfall frequency analysis in ungauged areas of the Earth.
Nadav Peleg, Frank Blumensaat, Peter Molnar, Simone Fatichi, and Paolo Burlando
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1559–1572, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1559-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1559-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the relative contribution of the spatial versus climatic rainfall variability for flow peaks by applying an advanced stochastic rainfall generator to simulate rainfall for a small urban catchment and simulate flow dynamics in the sewer system. We found that the main contribution to the total flow variability originates from the natural climate variability. The contribution of spatial rainfall variability to the total flow variability was found to increase with return periods.
Søren Thorndahl, Thomas Einfalt, Patrick Willems, Jesper Ellerbæk Nielsen, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Michael R. Rasmussen, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1359–1380, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1359-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1359-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reviews how weather radar data can be used in urban hydrological applications. It focuses on three areas of research: (1) temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall data, (2) rainfall estimation, radar data adjustment and data quality, and (3) nowcasting of radar rainfall and real-time applications. Moreover, the paper provides examples of urban hydrological applications which can benefit from radar rainfall data in comparison to tradition rain gauge measurements of rainfall.
Claudio I. Meier, Jorge Sebastián Moraga, Geri Pranzini, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4177–4190, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4177-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4177-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the derived distribution approach is able to characterize the interannual variability of precipitation much better than fitting a probabilistic model to annual rainfall totals, as long as continuously gauged data are available. The method is a useful tool for describing temporal changes in the distribution of annual rainfall, as it works for records as short as 5 years, and therefore does not require any stationarity assumption over long periods.
Bahareh Kianfar, Simone Fatichi, Athansios Paschalis, Max Maurer, and Peter Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-536, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2016-536, 2016
Revised manuscript has not been submitted
Short summary
Short summary
Raingauge observations show a large variability in extreme rainfall depths in the current climate. Climate model predictions of extreme rainfall in the future have to be compared with this natural variability. Our work shows that predictions of future extreme rainfall often lie within the range of natural variability of present-day climate, and therefore predictions of change are highly uncertain. We demonstrate this by using stochastic rainfall models and 10-min rainfall data in Switzerland.
Tom J. Coulthard and Christopher J. Skinner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 757–771, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-757-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-757-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models are driven by climate or precipitation data. We show that higher-resolution data lead to greater basin sediment yields (> 100 % increase) despite minimal changes in hydrological outputs. Spatially, simulations over 1000 years show finer-resolution data lead to a systematic bias of more erosion in headwater streams with more deposition in valley floors. This could have important implications for the long-term predictions of past and present landscape evolution models.
Matteo Saletti, Peter Molnar, Marwan A. Hassan, and Paolo Burlando
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 549–566, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-549-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-549-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a new reduced-complexity model with few parameters linked to basic physical processes, which aims to reproduce the transport of sediment as bed load and the formation and stability of channel morphology in steep mountain streams. The model is able to simulate the formation and stability of steps, bed structures commonly encountered in steep channels, by assuming that their formation is due to intense sediment transport during high flows causing jamming of particles.
J. Hall, B. Arheimer, G. T. Aronica, A. Bilibashi, M. Boháč, O. Bonacci, M. Borga, P. Burlando, A. Castellarin, G. B. Chirico, P. Claps, K. Fiala, L. Gaál, L. Gorbachova, A. Gül, J. Hannaford, A. Kiss, T. Kjeldsen, S. Kohnová, J. J. Koskela, N. Macdonald, M. Mavrova-Guirguinova, O. Ledvinka, L. Mediero, B. Merz, R. Merz, P. Molnar, A. Montanari, M. Osuch, J. Parajka, R. A. P. Perdigão, I. Radevski, B. Renard, M. Rogger, J. L. Salinas, E. Sauquet, M. Šraj, J. Szolgay, A. Viglione, E. Volpi, D. Wilson, K. Zaimi, and G. Blöschl
Proc. IAHS, 370, 89–95, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-89-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-89-2015, 2015
P. Molnar, S. Fatichi, L. Gaál, J. Szolgay, and P. Burlando
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1753–1766, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present an empirical study of the rates of increase in precipitation intensity with air temperature using high-resolution 10 min precipitation records in Switzerland. We estimated the scaling rates for lightning (convective) and non-lightning event subsets and show that scaling rates are between 7 and 14%/C for convective rain and that mixing of storm types exaggerates the relations to air temperature. Doubled CC rates reported by other studies are an exception in our data set.
N. Peleg, E. Shamir, K. P. Georgakakos, and E. Morin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 567–581, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-567-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-567-2015, 2015
K. Džubáková, P. Molnar, K. Schindler, and M. Trizna
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 195–208, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-195-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-195-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We use a high-resolution ground-based camera system with near-infrared sensitivity to quantify the response of riparian vegetation in an Alpine river to floods with the use of vegetation indices. The vegetation showed both damage and enhancement within 1 week following floods, with a selective impact determined by pre-flood vegetation vigour, morphological setting and intensity of flood forcing. The tested vegetation indices differed in the direction of predicted change in the range 0.7-35.8%.
J. Hall, B. Arheimer, M. Borga, R. Brázdil, P. Claps, A. Kiss, T. R. Kjeldsen, J. Kriaučiūnienė, Z. W. Kundzewicz, M. Lang, M. C. Llasat, N. Macdonald, N. McIntyre, L. Mediero, B. Merz, R. Merz, P. Molnar, A. Montanari, C. Neuhold, J. Parajka, R. A. P. Perdigão, L. Plavcová, M. Rogger, J. L. Salinas, E. Sauquet, C. Schär, J. Szolgay, A. Viglione, and G. Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2735–2772, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, 2014
L. Gaál, P. Molnar, and J. Szolgay
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1561–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1561-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1561-2014, 2014
N. Peleg, M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2195–2208, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013, 2013
S. Fatichi, S. Rimkus, P. Burlando, R. Bordoy, and P. Molnar
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-3743-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-3743-2013, 2013
Revised manuscript not accepted
Related subject area
Cross-cutting themes: Impacts of climate change on Earth surface dynamics
Storm frequency, magnitude, and cumulative storm beach impact along the US east coast
Spatially coherent variability in modern orographic precipitation produces asymmetric paleo-glacier extents in flowline models: Olympic Mountains, USA
Modeling deadwood for rockfall mitigation assessments in windthrow areas
A 4000-year debris flow record based on amphibious investigations of fan delta activity in Plansee (Austria, Eastern Alps)
Biophysical controls of marsh soil shear strength along an estuarine salinity gradient
Current glacier recession causes significant rockfall increase: the immediate paraglacial response of deglaciating cirque walls
Detection and explanation of spatiotemporal patterns in Late Cenozoic palaeoclimate change relevant to Earth surface processes
Estimates of late Cenozoic climate change relevant to Earth surface processes in tectonically active orogens
Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum
Vertical movements of frost mounds in subarctic permafrost regions analyzed using geodetic survey and satellite interferometry
Erosional response of an actively uplifting mountain belt to cyclic rainfall variations
Coastal vulnerability of a pinned, soft-cliff coastline – Part I: Assessing the natural sensitivity to wave climate
Rachele Dominguez, Michael S. Fenster, and John W. McManus
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1145–1163, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1145-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1145-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Climate change is a hot topic and changes in storminess can be indicative of climate change impacts. Also, coastal storms can impact ecosystems and the people who live, work, and recreate along our world's coasts. Our findings show that the number of the US east coast storms has not increased since the early 20th century, but storm strength has increased moderately. Finally, beaches can take up to 10 years to recover depending on the number, timing, and strength of previous storms.
Andrew A. Margason, Alison M. Anders, Robert J. C. Conrick, and Gerard H. Roe
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 849–863, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-849-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-849-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We examine differences in glacier extent in the Olympic Mountains, USA, where modern precipitation in east-facing valleys is only 50 % of that in west-facing valleys. During the Last Glacial Period, there were very small glaciers in the east and very large glaciers in the west. We use climate data and glacier models to show that the modern spatial pattern of precipitation is likely to have been similar during the past glaciation and may be sufficient to explain the asymmetry of glacier extent.
Adrian Ringenbach, Peter Bebi, Perry Bartelt, Andreas Rigling, Marc Christen, Yves Bühler, Andreas Stoffel, and Andrin Caviezel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1303–1319, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1303-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1303-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The presented automatic deadwood generator (ADG) allows us to consider deadwood in rockfall simulations in unprecedented detail. Besides three-dimensional fresh deadwood cones, we include old woody debris in rockfall simulations based on a higher compaction rate and lower energy absorption thresholds. Simulations including different deadwood states indicate that a 10-year-old deadwood pile has a higher protective capacity than a pre-storm forest stand.
Carolin Kiefer, Patrick Oswald, Jasper Moernaut, Stefano Claudio Fabbri, Christoph Mayr, Michael Strasser, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 1481–1503, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1481-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1481-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides amphibious investigations of debris flow fans (DFFs). We characterize active DFFs, combining laser scan and sonar surveys at Plansee. We discover a 4000-year debris flow record in sediment cores, providing evidence for a 7-fold debris flow frequency increase in the 20th and 21st centuries, coincident with 2-fold enhanced rainstorm activity in the northern European Alps. Our results indicate climate change as being the main factor controlling debris flow activity.
Megan N. Gillen, Tyler C. Messerschmidt, and Matthew L. Kirwan
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 413–421, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-413-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-413-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the shear strength of marsh soils along an estuarine salinity gradient to determine salinity's influence on marsh erodibility. Our work is one of the first studies to directly examine the relationship between salinity and marsh erodibility. We find that an increase in salinity correlates with higher soil shear strength values, indicating that salt marshes may be more resistant to erosion. We also show that both belowground biomass and soil properties drive shear strength differences.
Ingo Hartmeyer, Robert Delleske, Markus Keuschnig, Michael Krautblatter, Andreas Lang, Lothar Schrott, and Jan-Christoph Otto
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 729–751, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-729-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-729-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Climate warming is causing significant ice surface lowering even in the uppermost parts of alpine glaciers. Using terrestrial lidar, we quantify rockfall in freshly exposed cirque walls. During 6-year monitoring (2011–2017), an extensive dataset was established and over 600 rockfall events identified. Drastically increased rockfall activity following ice retreat can clearly be observed as 60 % of the rockfall volume detached from less than 10 m above the glacier surface.
Sebastian G. Mutz and Todd A. Ehlers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 663–679, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-663-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-663-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We apply machine learning techniques to quantify and explain differences between recent palaeoclimates with regards to factors that are important in shaping the Earth's surface. We find that changes in ice cover, near-surface air temperature and rainfall duration create the most distinct differences. We also identify regions particularly prone to changes in rainfall and temperature-controlled erosion, which will help with the interpretation of erosion rates and geological archives.
Sebastian G. Mutz, Todd A. Ehlers, Martin Werner, Gerrit Lohmann, Christian Stepanek, and Jingmin Li
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 271–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-271-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-271-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We use a climate model and statistics to provide an overview of regional climates from different times in the late Cenozoic. We focus on tectonically active mountain ranges in particular. Our results highlight significant changes in climates throughout the late Cenozoic, which should be taken into consideration when interpreting erosion rates. We also document the differences between model- and proxy-based estimates for late Cenozoic climate change in South America and Tibet.
Andrew D. Wickert
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 831–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-831-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-831-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The ice sheets that once spread across northern North America dramatically changed the drainage basin areas and discharges of rivers across the continent. As these ice sheets retreated, starting around 19 500 years ago, they sent meltwater to the oceans, influencing climate and building a geologic record of deglaciation. This record can be used to evaluate ice-sheet reconstructions and build an improved history and understanding of past ice-sheet collapse across North America.
I. Beck, R. Ludwig, M. Bernier, T. Strozzi, and J. Boike
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 409–421, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-409-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-409-2015, 2015
J. Braun, C. Voisin, A. T. Gourlan, and C. Chauvel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-1-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We have derived a simple solution to the stream power law equation governing the erosion of rapidly uplifting tectonic areas assuming that rainfall varies as a periodic function of time. We show that the erosional response of this forcing is characterized by an amplification of the resulting erosional flux variations as well as a time lag. We show how this time lag can be important in interpreting several geological observations.
A. Barkwith, C. W. Thomas, P. W. Limber, M. A. Ellis, and A. B. Murray
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 295–308, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-295-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-295-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Alexander, L. V., Zhang, X., Peterson, T. C., Caesar, J., Gleason, B., Tank,
A., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeh, F., Tagipour, A.,
Kumar, K. R., Revadekar, J., Griffiths, G., Vincent, L., Stephenson, D. B.,
Burn, J., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Taylor, M., New, M., Zhai, P.,
Rusticucci, M., and Vazquez-Aguirre, J. L.: Global observed changes in daily
climate extremes of temperature and precipitation, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 111, D05109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006290, 2006.
Amponsah, W., Marchi, L., Zoccatelli, D., Boni, G., Cavalli, M., Comiti, F.,
Crema, S., Lucia, A., Marra, F., and Borga, M.: Hydrometeorological
Characterization of a Flash Flood Associated with Major Geomorphic Effects:
Assessment of Peak Discharge Uncertainties and Analysis of the Runoff
Response, J. Hydrometeorol., 17, 3063–3077, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0081.1, 2016.
Arnaud, P., Lavabre, J., Fouchier, C., Diss, S., and Javelle, P.:
Sensitivity of hydrological models to uncertainty in rainfall input,
Hydrolog. Sci. J., 56,
397–410, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.563742, 2011.
Bahat, Y., Grodek, T., Lekach, J., and Morin, E.: Rainfall-runoff modeling
in a small hyper-arid catchment, J. Hydrol., 373, 204–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.026, 2009.
Ban, N., Schmidli, J., and Schar, C.: Evaluation of the convection-resolving
regional climate modeling approach in decade-long simulations, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 7889–7907, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jd021478, 2014.
Ban, N., Schmidli, J., and Schar, C.: Heavy precipitation in a changing
climate: Does short-term summer precipitation increase faster?, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 42, 1165–1172, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062588, 2015.
Bates, P. D., Horritt, M. S., and Fewtrell, T. J.: A simple inertial
formulation of the shallow water equations for efficient two-dimensional
flood inundation modelling, J. Hydrol., 387, 33–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.03.027, 2010.
Battista, G., Molnar, P., and Burlando, P.: Modelling impacts of spatially variable erosion drivers on suspended sediment dynamics, Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2019-59, in review, 2019.
Belachsen, I., Marra, F., Peleg, N., and Morin, E.: Convective rainfall in a dry climate: relations with synoptic systems and flash-flood generation in the Dead Sea region, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 5165–5180, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-5165-2017, 2017.
Bell, T. L.: A space‐time stochastic model of rainfall for satellite remote‐sensing studies, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 92,
9631–9643, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD08p09631, 1987.
Bell, V. A. and Moore, R. J.: The sensitivity of catchment runoff models to rainfall data at different spatial scales, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 4, 653–667, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-4-653-2000, 2000.
Beniston, M.: August 2005 intense rainfall event in Switzerland: Not
necessarily an analog for strong convective events in a greenhouse climate,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05701, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl025573, 2006.
Benoit, L., Allard, D., and Mariethoz, G.: Stochastic Rainfall Modeling at
Sub-kilometer Scale, Water Resour. Res., 54, 4108–4130, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr022817, 2018a.
Benoit, L., Vrac, M., and Mariethoz, G.: Dealing with non-stationarity in sub-daily stochastic rainfall models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5919–5933, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5919-2018, 2018b.
Berg, P., Moseley, C., and Haerter, J. O.: Strong increase in convective
precipitation in response to higher temperatures, Nat. Geosci., 6,
181–185, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1731, 2013.
Beven, K. J. and Kirkby, M. J.: A physically based, variable contributing
area model of basin hydrology/Un modèle à base physique de zone
d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant, Hydrol. Sci. B., 24, 43–69, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491834, 1979.
Bezzola, G. R. and Hegg, C.: Ereignisanalyse Hochwasser 2005, Teil
2–Analyse von Prozessen, Massnahmen und Gefahrengrundlagen, Bundesamt
für Umwelt BAFU, Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt WSL,
Umwelt-Wissen, 8, 429, 2008.
Blöschl, G., Hall, J., Parajka, J., Perdigao, R. A. P., Merz, B., Arheimer,
B., Aronica, G. T., Bilibashi, A., Bonacci, O., Borga, M., Canjevac, I.,
Castellarin, A., Chirico, G. B., Claps, P., Fiala, K., Frolova, N.,
Gorbachova, L., Gul, A., Hannaford, J., Harrigan, S., Kireeva, M., Kiss, A.,
Kjeldsen, T. R., Kohnova, S., Koskela, J. J., Ledvinka, O., Macdonald, N.,
Mavrova-Guirguinova, M., Mediero, L., Merz, R., Molnar, P., Montanari, A.,
Murphy, C., Osuch, M., Ovcharuk, V., Radevski, I., Rogger, M., Salinas, J.
L., Sauquet, E., Sraj, M., Szolgay, J., Viglione, A., Volpi, E., Wilson, D.,
Zaimi, K., and Zivkovic, N.: Changing climate shifts timing of European
floods, Science, 357, 588–590, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan2506, 2017.
Blum, M. D. and Tornqvist, T. E.: Fluvial responses to climate and
sea-level change: a review and look forward, Sedimentology, 47, 2–48, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.2000.00008.x, 2000.
Borga, M., Stoffel, M., Marchi, L., Marra, F., and Jakob, M.:
Hydrogeomorphic response to extreme rainfall in headwater systems: Flash
floods and debris flows, J. Hydrol., 518, 194–205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.022, 2014.
Coulthard, T. J.: CAESAR-Lisflood code, version “j”, available at: https://sourceforge.net/projects/caesar-lisflood/, last access: 6 January 2020.
Coulthard, T. J. and Skinner, C. J.: The sensitivity of landscape evolution models to spatial and temporal rainfall resolution, Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 757–771, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-757-2016, 2016.
Coulthard, T. J. and Van De Wiel, M. J.: Modelling long term basin scale
sediment connectivity, driven by spatial land use changes, Geomorphology,
277, 265–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.027, 2017.
Coulthard, T. J., Macklin, M. G., and Kirkby, M. J.: A cellular model of
Holocene upland river basin and alluvial fan evolution, Earth Surf.
Proc. Land., 27, 269–288, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.318, 2002.
Coulthard, T. J., Hancock, G. R., and Lowry, J. B. C.: Modelling soil
erosion with a downscaled landscape evolution model, Earth Surf. Proc.
Land., 37, 1046–1055, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3226, 2012a.
Coulthard, T. J., Ramirez, J., Fowler, H. J., and Glenis, V.: Using the UKCP09 probabilistic scenarios to model the amplified impact of climate change on drainage basin sediment yield, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4401–4416, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-4401-2012, 2012b.
Coulthard, T. J., Neal, J. C., Bates, P. D., Ramirez, J., de Almeida, G. A.
M., and Hancock, G. R.: Integrating the LISFLOOD-FP 2D hydrodynamic model
with the CAESAR model: implications for modelling landscape evolution, Earth
Surf. Proc. Land., 38, 1897–1906, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3478, 2013.
Dahm, R., Bhardwaj, A., Weiland, F. S., Corzo, G., and Bouwer, L. M.: A
Temperature-Scaling Approach for Projecting Changes in Short Duration
Rainfall Extremes from GCM Data, Water, 11, 313, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020313, 2019.
Dams, J., Nossent, J., Senbeta, T. B., Willems, P., and Batelaan, O.:
Multi-model approach to assess the impact of climate change on runoff,
J. Hydrol., 529, 1601–1616, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.023, 2015.
Deal, E., Favre, A. C., and Braun, J.: Rainfall variability in the Himalayan
orogen and its relevance to erosion processes, Water Resour. Res., 53,
4004–4021, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016wr020030, 2017.
Death, R. G., Fuller, I. C., and Macklin, M. G.: Resetting the river
template: the potential for climate-related extreme floods to transform
river geomorphology and ecology, Freshwater Biol., 60, 2477–2496, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12639, 2015.
Destro, E., Amponsah, W., Nikolopoulos, E. I., Marchi, L., Marra, F.,
Zoccatelli, D., and Borga, M.: Coupled prediction of flash flood response
and debris flow occurrence: Application on an alpine extreme flood event,
J. Hydrol., 558, 225–237, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.021, 2018.
Do, H. X., Westra, S., and Leonard, M.: A global-scale investigation of
trends in annual maximum streamflow, J. Hydrol., 552, 28–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.06.015, 2017.
Einstein, H. A.: The bed-load function for sediment transportation in open
channel flows, USDA Soil Conservation Service, 1950.
Fadhel, S., Rico-Ramirez, M. A., and Han, D. W.: Sensitivity of peak flow to
the change of rainfall temporal pattern due to warmer climate, J.
Hydrol., 560, 546–559, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.041, 2018.
Fatichi, S., Rimkus, S., Burlando, P., and Bordoy, R.: Does internal climate
variability overwhelm climate change signals in streamflow? The upper Po and
Rhone basin case studies, Sci. Total Environ., 493, 1171–1182, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.014, 2014.
Fatichi, S., Rimkus, S., Burlando, P., Bordoy, R., and Molnar, P.:
High-resolution distributed analysis of climate and anthropogenic changes on
the hydrology of an Alpine catchment, J. Hydrol., 525, 362–382, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.03.036, 2015.
Fatichi, S., Vivoni, E. R., Ogden, F. L., Ivanov, V. Y., Mirus, B., Gochis,
D., Downer, C. W., Camporese, M., Davison, J. H., Ebel, B., Jones, N., Kim,
J., Mascaro, G., Niswonger, R., Restrepo, P., Rigon, R., Shen, C., Sulis,
M., and Tarboton, D.: An overview of current applications, challenges, and
future trends in distributed process-based models in hydrology, J.
Hydrol., 537, 45–60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.026, 2016.
Fischer, E. M. and Knutti, R.: Anthropogenic contribution to global
occurrence of heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes, Nat.
Clim. Change, 5, 560–564, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2617, 2015.
Fischer, E. M. and Knutti, R.: Observed heavy precipitation increase
confirms theory and early models, Nat. Clim. Change, 6, 986–991, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3110, 2016.
Fischer, E. M., Beyerle, U., and Knutti, R.: Robust spatially aggregated
projections of climate extremes, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 1033–1038, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2051, 2013.
Francipane A., Fatichi, S., Ivanov, V. Y., and Noto, L. V.: Stochastic
assessment of climate impacts on hydrology and geomorphology of semiarid
headwater basins using a physically-based model, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 120, 507–533, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003232, 2015.
Gaál, L., Molnar, P., and Szolgay, J.: Selection of intense rainfall events based on intensity thresholds and lightning data in Switzerland, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1561–1573, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1561-2014, 2014.
Gires, A., Giangola-Murzyn, A., Abbes, J. B., Tchiguirinskaia, I.,
Schertzer, D., and Lovejoy, S.: Impacts of small scale rainfall variability
in urban areas: a case study with 1D and 1D/2D hydrological models in a
multifractal framework, Urban Water J., 12, 607–617, https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2014.923917, 2015.
Goodrich, D. C., Faures, J. M., Woolhiser, D. A., Lane, L. J., and
Sorooshian, S.: measurement and analysis of small-scale convective storm
rainfall variability, J. Hydrol., 173, 283–308, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02703-r, 1995.
Goudie, A. S.: Global warming and fluvial geomorphology, Geomorphology, 79,
384–394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.023, 2006.
Gupta, V. K., Castro, S. L., and Over, T. M.: On scaling exponents of
spatial peak flows from rainfall and river network geometry, J.
Hydrol., 187, 81–104, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(96)03088-0, 1996.
Guzzetti, F., Peruccacci, S., Rossi, M., and Stark, C. P.: The rainfall
intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an
update, Landslides, 5, 3–17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0112-1, 2008.
Haerter, J. O.: Convective Self-Aggregation As a Cold Pool-Driven Critical
Phenomenon, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 4017–4028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081817, 2019.
Haerter, J. O., Berg, P., and Moseley, C.: Precipitation onset as the
temporal reference in convective self-organization, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 44, 6450–6459, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl073342, 2017.
Hancock, G. R.: A catchment scale assessment of increased rainfall and storm
intensity on erosion and sediment transport for Northern Australia,
Geoderma, 152, 350–360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.07.003, 2009.
Hancock, G. R.: Modelling stream sediment concentration: An assessment of
enhanced rainfall and storm frequency, J. Hydrol., 430, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.022, 2012.
Hancock, G. R. and Coulthard, T. J.: Channel movement and erosion response
to rainfall variability in southeast Australia, Hydrol. Process., 26,
663–673, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8166, 2012.
Hancock, G. R., Lowry, J. B. C., Coulthard, T. J., Evans, K. G., and
Moliere, D. R.: A catchment scale evaluation of the SIBERIA and CAESAR
landscape evolution models, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 35,
863–875, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1863, 2010.
Hancock, G. R., Lowry, J. B. C., and Coulthard, T. J.: Catchment
reconstruction – erosional stability at millennial time scales using
landscape evolution models, Geomorphology, 231, 15–27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.034, 2015.
Heimann, F. U. M., Rickenmann, D., Böckli, M., Badoux, A., Turowski, J. M., and Kirchner, J. W.: Calculation of bedload transport in Swiss mountain rivers using the model sedFlow: proof of concept, Earth Surf. Dynam., 3, 35–54, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-35-2015, 2015.
Hoober, D., Svoray, T., and Cohen, S.: Using a landform evolution model to
study ephemeral gullying in agricultural fields: the effects of rainfall
patterns on ephemeral gully dynamics, Earth Surf. Proc. Land.,
42, 1213–1226, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4090, 2017.
Isotta, F. A., Frei, C., Weilguni, V., Tadic, M. P., Lassegues, P., Rudolf,
B., Pavan, V., Cacciamani, C., Antolini, G., Ratto, S. M., Munari, M.,
Micheletti, S., Bonati, V., Lussana, C., Ronchi, C., Panettieri, E., Marigo,
G., and Vertacnik, G.: The climate of daily precipitation in the Alps:
development and analysis of a high-resolution grid dataset from pan-Alpine
rain-gauge data, Int. J. Climatol., 34, 1657–1675, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3794, 2014.
Istanbulluoglu, E. and Bras, R. L.: On the dynamics of soil moisture,
vegetation, and erosion: Implications of climate variability and change,
Water Resour. Res., 42, W06418, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005wr004113, 2006.
Iverson, R. M.: Landslide triggering by rain infiltration, Water Resour.
Res., 36, 1897–1910, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900090, 2000.
Jacob, D., Petersen, J., Eggert, B., Alias, A., Christensen, O. B., Bouwer,
L. M., Braun, A., Colette, A., Deque, M., Georgievski, G., Georgopoulou, E.,
Gobiet, A., Menut, L., Nikulin, G., Haensler, A., Hempelmann, N., Jones, C.,
Keuler, K., Kovats, S., Kroner, N., Kotlarski, S., Kriegsmann, A., Martin,
E., van Meijgaard, E., Moseley, C., Pfeifer, S., Preuschmann, S.,
Radermacher, C., Radtke, K., Rechid, D., Rounsevell, M., Samuelsson, P.,
Somot, S., Soussana, J. F., Teichmann, C., Valentini, R., Vautard, R.,
Weber, B., and Yiou, P.: EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change
projections for European impact research, Reg. Environ. Change, 14,
563–578, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0499-2, 2014.
Jaeggi, M.: The floods of August 22–23, 2005, in Switzerland: some facts and
challenges, in: Gravel-Bed Rivers Vi: From Process Understanding to River
Restoration, edited by: Habersack, H., Piegay, H., and Rinaldi, M.,
Developments in Earth Surface Processes, 587-604, 2008.
Kalinga, O. A. and Gan, T. Y.: Semi-distributed modelling of basin
hydrology with radar and gauged precipitation, Hydrol. Process., 20,
3725–3746, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6385, 2006.
Kampf, S. K., Brogan, D. J., Schmeer, S., MacDonald, L. H., and Nelson, P.
A.: How do geomorphic effects of rainfall vary with storm type and spatial
scale in a post-fire landscape?, Geomorphology, 273, 39–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.08.001, 2016.
Krapesch, G., Hauer, C., and Habersack, H.: Scale orientated analysis of river width changes due to extreme flood hazards, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 2137–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-2137-2011, 2011.
Kundu, P. K. and Bell, T. L.: A stochastic model of space-time variability
of mesoscale rainfall: Statistics of spatial averages, Water Resour.
Res., 39, 1328, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002wr001802, 2003.
Lane, S. N., Bakker, M., Gabbud, C., Micheletti, N., and Saugy, J. N.:
Sediment export, transient landscape response and catchment-scale
connectivity following rapid climate warming and Alpine glacier recession,
Geomorphology, 277, 210–227, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.015, 2017.
Lenderink, G. and Attema, J.: A simple scaling approach to produce climate
scenarios of local precipitation extremes for the Netherlands, Environ.
Res. Lett., 10, 085001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/085001, 2015.
Lenderink, G. and Van Meijgaard, E.: Increase in hourly precipitation
extremes beyond expectations from temperature changes, Nat. Geosci., 1,
511–514, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo262, 2008.
Leonarduzzi, E., Molnar, P., and McArdell, B. W.: Predictive performance of
rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides in Switzerland from gridded daily
data, Water Resour. Res., 53, 6612–6625, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017wr021044, 2017.
Li, J., Wasko, C., Johnson, F., Evans, J. P., and Sharma, A.: Can Regional
Climate Modeling Capture the Observed Changes in Spatial Organization of
Extreme Storms at Higher Temperatures?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45,
4475–4484, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018gl077716, 2018.
Li, Z. Y. and Fang, H. Y.: Impacts of climate change on water erosion: A
review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 163, 94–117, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.004,
2016.
Lochbihler, K., Lenderink, G., and Siebesma, A. P.: The spatial extent of
rainfall events and its relation to precipitation scaling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 8629–8636, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017gl074857, 2017.
Lopes, V. L.: On the effect of uncertainty in spatial distribution of
rainfall on catchment modelling, Catena, 28, 107–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(96)00030-6, 1996.
Mallakpour, I. and Villarini, G.: The changing nature of flooding across
the central United States, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 250–254, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2516, 2015.
Marchi, L., Borga, M., Preciso, E., and Gaume, E.: Characterisation of
selected extreme flash floods in Europe and implications for flood risk
management, J. Hydrol., 394, 118–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.017, 2010.
Marra, F. and Morin, E.: Autocorrelation structure of convective rainfall
in semiarid-arid climate derived from high-resolution X-Band radar
estimates, Atmos. Res., 200, 126–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.09.020, 2018.
Mastrotheodoros, T., Pappas, C., Molnar, P., Burlando, P., Hadjidoukas, P.,
and Fatichi, S.: Ecohydrological dynamics in the Alps: Insights from a
modelling analysis of the spatial variability, Ecohydrology, 12, e2054, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2054, 2019.
McRobie, F. H., Wang, L. P., Onof, C., and Kenney, S.: A spatial-temporal
rainfall generator for urban drainage design, Water Sci. Technol.,
68, 240–249, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.241, 2013.
MeteoSwiss: Documentation of MeteoSwiss Grid-Data Products:
Daily Precipitation (final analysis): RhiresD, Tech.
rep., Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss,
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA,
Switzerland, available at: https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/content/dam/meteoswiss/de/service-und-publikationen/produkt/raeumliche-daten-niederschlag/doc/ProdDoc_RhiresD.pdf (last
access: 6 January 2020), 2016.
Mishra, V., Wallace, J. M., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: Relationship between
hourly extreme precipitation and local air temperature in the United States,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L16403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl052790, 2012.
Molnar, P., Fatichi, S., Gaál, L., Szolgay, J., and Burlando, P.: Storm type effects on super Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of intense rainstorm properties with air temperature, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1753–1766, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1753-2015, 2015.
Morin, E., Goodrich, D. C., Maddox, R. A., Gao, X. G., Gupta, H. V., and
Sorooshian, S.: Spatial patterns in thunderstorm rainfall events and their
coupling with watershed hydrological response, Adv. Water Resour.,
29, 843–860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.07.014, 2006.
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V.: River flow forecasting through conceptual
models part I – A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10,
282–290, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6, 1970.
Nearing, M. A., Pruski, F. F., and O'Neal, M. R.: Expected climate change
impacts on soil erosion rates: A review, J. Soil Water
Conserv., 59, 43–50, 2004.
Nearing, M. A., Jetten, V., Baffaut, C., Cerdan, O., Couturier, A.,
Hernandez, M., Le Bissonnais, Y., Nichols, M. H., Nunes, J. P., Renschler,
C. S., Souchere, V., and van Oost, K.: Modeling response of soil erosion and
runoff to changes in precipitation and cover, Catena, 61, 131–154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.007, 2005.
O, S. and Foelsche, U.: Assessment of spatial uncertainty of heavy rainfall at catchment scale using a dense gauge network, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2863–2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2863-2019, 2019.
Ochoa-Rodriguez, S., Wang, L. P., Gires, A., Pina, R. D., Reinoso-Rondinel,
R., Bruni, G., Ichiba, A., Gaitan, S., Cristiano, E., van Assel, J., Kroll,
S., Murla-Tuyls, D., Tisserand, B., Schertzer, D., Tchiguirinskaia, I.,
Onof, C., Willems, P., and ten Veldhuis, M. C.: Impact of spatial and
temporal resolution of rainfall inputs on urban hydrodynamic modelling
outputs: A multi-catchment investigation, J. Hydrol., 531,
389–407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.035, 2015.
O'Gorman, P. A. and Schneider, T.: Scaling of Precipitation Extremes over a
Wide Range of Climates Simulated with an Idealized GCM, J. Climate,
22, 5676–5685, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2701.1, 2009.
Orlowsky, B. and Seneviratne, S. I.: Global changes in extreme events:
regional and seasonal dimension, Climatic Change, 110, 669–696, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0122-9, 2012.
Pandey, A., Himanshu, S. K., Mishra, S. K., and Singh, V. P.: Physically
based soil erosion and sediment yield models revisited, Catena, 147,
595–620, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.08.002, 2016.
Paniconi, C. and Putti, M.: Physically based modeling in catchment
hydrology at 50: Survey and outlook, Water Resour. Res., 51,
7090–7129, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017780, 2015.
Panziera, L., James, C. N., and Germann, U.: Mesoscale organization and
structure of orographic precipitation producing flash floods in the Lago
Maggiore region, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141,
224–248, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2351, 2015.
Panziera, L., Gabella, M., Germann, U., and Martins, O.: A 12-year
radar-based climatology of daily and sub-daily extreme precipitation over
the Swiss Alps, Int. J. Climatol., 38, 3749–3769, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5528, 2018.
Paschalis, A., Molnar, P., Fatichi, S., and Burlando, P.: A stochastic model
for high-resolution space-time precipitation simulation, Water Resour. Res., 49, 8400–8417, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014437, 2013.
Paschalis, A., Fatichi, S., Molnar, P., Rimkus, S., and Burlando, P.: On the
effects of small scale space-time variability of rainfall on basin flood
response, J. Hydrol., 514, 313–327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.014,
2014.
Pegram, G. G. S. and Clothier, A. N.: High resolution space-time modelling
of rainfall: the “String of Beads” model, J. Hydrol., 241, 26–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(00)00373-5, 2001a.
Pegram, G. G. S. and Clothier, A. N.: Downscaling rainfields in space and time, using the String of Beads model in time series mode, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 175–186, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-175-2001, 2001b.
Peleg, N. and Morin, E.: Convective rain cells: Radar-derived
spatiotemporal characteristics and synoptic patterns over the eastern
Mediterranean, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 117, D15116, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jd017353, 2012.
Peleg, N. and Morin, E.: Stochastic convective rain-field simulation using
a high-resolution synoptically conditioned weather generator (HiReS-WG),
Water Resour. Res., 50, 2124–2139, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014836, 2014.
Peleg, N., Ben-Asher, M., and Morin, E.: Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: lessons learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2195–2208, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013, 2013.
Peleg, N., Shamir, E., Georgakakos, K. P., and Morin, E.: A framework for assessing hydrological regime sensitivity to climate change in a convective rainfall environment: a case study of two medium-sized eastern Mediterranean catchments, Israel, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 567–581, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-567-2015, 2015.
Peleg, N., Blumensaat, F., Molnar, P., Fatichi, S., and Burlando, P.: Partitioning the impacts of spatial and climatological rainfall variability in urban drainage modeling, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1559–1572, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1559-2017, 2017a.
Peleg, N., Fatichi, S., Paschalis, A., Molnar, P., and Burlando, P.: An
advanced stochastic weather generator for simulating 2-D high-resolution
climate variables, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 9,
1595–1627, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016ms000854, 2017b.
Peleg, N., Marra, F., Fatichi, S., Molnar, P., Morin, E., Sharma, A., and
Burlando, P.: Intensification of Convective Rain Cells at Warmer
Temperatures Observed from High-Resolution Weather Radar Data, J. Hydrometeorol., 19, 715–726, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0158.1, 2018a.
Peleg, N., Marra, F., Fatichi, S., Paschalis, A., Molnar, P., and Burlando,
P.: Spatial variability of extreme rainfall at radar subpixel scale, J. Hydrol., 556, 922–933, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.033, 2018b.
Peleg, N., Molnar, P., Burlando, P., and Fatichi, S.: Exploring stochastic
climate uncertainty in space and time using a gridded hourly weather
generator, J. Hydrol., 571, 627–641, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.02.010, 2019.
Perra, E., Piras, M., Deidda, R., Paniconi, C., Mascaro, G., Vivoni, E. R., Cau, P., Marras, P. A., Ludwig, R., and Meyer, S.: Multimodel assessment of climate change-induced hydrologic impacts for a Mediterranean catchment, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4125–4143, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4125-2018, 2018.
Peterson, T. C., Heim, R. R., Hirsch, R., Kaiser, D. P., Brooks, H.,
Diffenbaugh, N. S., Dole, R. M., Giovannettone, J. P., Guirguis, K., Karl,
T. R., Katz, R. W., Kunkel, K., Lettenmaier, D., McCabe, G. J., Paciorek, C.
J., Ryberg, K. R., Schubert, S., Silva, V. B. S., Stewart, B. C., Vecchia,
A. V., Villarini, G., Vose, R. S., Walsh, J., Wehner, M., Wolock, D.,
Wolter, K., Woodhouse, C. A., and Wuebbles, D.: Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods, and droughts in the United States: state of knowledge, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,
94, 821–834, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00066.1, 2013.
Pfahl, S., O'Gorman, P. A., and Fischer, E. M.: Understanding the regional
pattern of projected future changes in extreme precipitation, Nat. Clim.
Change, 7, 423–427, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3287, 2017.
Prein, A. F., Langhans, W., Fosser, G., Ferrone, A., Ban, N., Goergen, K.,
Keller, M., Tolle, M., Gutjahr, O., Feser, F., Brisson, E., Kollet, S.,
Schmidli, J., van Lipzig, N. P. M., and Leung, R.: A review on regional
convection-permitting climate modeling: Demonstrations, prospects, and
challenges, Rev. Geophys., 53, 323–361, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014rg000475, 2015.
Prein, A. F., Liu, C. H., Ikeda, K., Trier, S. B., Rasmussen, R. M.,
Holland, G. J., and Clark, M. P.: Increased rainfall volume from future
convective storms in the US, Nat. Clim. Change, 7, 880–884, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0007-7, 2017.
Ramsankaran, R., Kothyari, U. C., Ghosh, S. K., Malcherek, A., and
Murugesan, K.: Physically-based distributed soil erosion and sediment yield
model (DREAM) for simulating individual storm events, Hydrolog. Sci.
J., 58, 872–891, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.781606, 2013.
Rickenmann, D. and Koschni, A.: Sediment loads due to fluvial transport and
debris flows during the 2005 flood events in Switzerland, Hydrol. Process., 24, 993–1007, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7536, 2010.
Rickenmann, D. and McArdell, B. W.: Continuous measurement of sediment
transport in the Erlenbach stream using piezoelectric bedload impact
sensors, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 32, 1362–1378, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1478, 2007.
Rickenmann, D., Hunzinger, L., and Koschni, A.: Hochwasser und
Sedimenttransport während des Unwetters vom August 2005 in der Schweiz,
11th congress INTERPRAEVENT, 2008, Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1, 465–476, 2008.
Rickenmann, D., Badoux, A., and Hunzinger, L.: Significance of sediment
transport processes during piedmont floods: the 2005 flood events in
Switzerland, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 41, 224–230, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3835, 2016.
Schwarb, M.: The alpine precipitation climate: Evaluation of a
high-resolution analysis scheme using comprehensive rain-gauge data, PhD
thesis, Swiss Fed. Inst. of Technol., Zurich, Switzerland, 131 pp., 2000.
Shah, S. M. S., Oconnell, P. E., and Hosking, J. R. M.: Modelling the
effects of spatial variability in rainfall on catchment response .1.
Formulation and calibration of a stochastic rainfall field model, J.
Hydrol., 175, 67–88, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(96)80006-0, 1996a.
Shah, S. M. S., Oconnell, P. E., and Hosking, J. R. M.: Modelling the
effects of spatial variability in rainfall on catchment response .2.
Experiments with distributed and lumped models, J. Hydrol., 175,
89–111, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(96)80007-2, 1996b.
Sharma, A., Wasko, C., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: If Precipitation Extremes Are
Increasing, Why Aren't Floods?, Water Resour. Res., 54, 8545–8551, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr023749, 2018.
Shen, H. O., Zheng, F. L., Wen, L. L., Han, Y., and Hu, W.: Impacts of
rainfall intensity and slope gradient on rill erosion processes at loessial
hillslope, Soil Till. Res., 155, 429–436, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.09.011, 2016.
Singer, M. B., Michaelides, K., and Hobley, D. E. J.: STORM 1.0: a simple, flexible, and parsimonious stochastic rainfall generator for simulating climate and climate change, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 3713–3726, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3713-2018, 2018.
Singh, D., Tsiang, M., Rajaratnam, B., and Diffenbaugh, N. S.: Observed
changes in extreme wet and dry spells during the South Asian summer monsoon
season, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 456–461, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2208, 2014.
Singh, V. P.: Effect of spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and
watershed characteristics on stream flow hydrograph, Hydrol. Process.,
11, 1649–1669, https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19971015)11:12<1649::Aid-hyp495>3.0.Co;2-1, 1997.
Skinner, C. J., Coulthard, T. J., Schwanghart, W., Van De Wiel, M. J., and Hancock, G.: Global sensitivity analysis of parameter uncertainty in landscape evolution models, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4873–4888, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4873-2018, 2018.
Skinner, C. J., Peleg, N., Quinn, N., Coulthard, T., J., Molnar, P., and
Freer, J.: Demonstrating the impact of rainfall product uncertainty on
geomorphic modelling, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., in review,
2020.
Steeb, N., Rickenmann, D., Badoux, A., Rickli, C., and Waldner, P.: Large
wood recruitment processes and transported volumes in Swiss mountain streams
during the extreme flood of August 2005, Geomorphology, 279, 112–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.011, 2017.
Te Chow, V.: Open-channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill New York, 1959.
Thompson, C. and Croke, J.: Geomorphic effects, flood power, and channel
competence of a catastrophic flood in confined and unconfined reaches of the
upper Lockyer valley, southeast Queensland, Australia, Geomorphology, 197,
156–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.05.006, 2013.
Trenberth, K. E., Dai, A., Rasmussen, R. M., and Parsons, D. B.: The
changing character of precipitation, B. Am. Meteorol.
Soc., 84, 1205–1217, https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-84-9-1205, 2003.
Tucker, G. E. and Bras, R. L.: A stochastic approach to modeling the role
of rainfall variability in drainage basin evolution, Water Resour. Res., 36, 1953–1964, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000wr900065, 2000.
Tucker, G. E. and Hancock, G. R.: Modelling landscape evolution, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 35, 28–50, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1952, 2010.
Tucker, G. E. and Slingerland, R.: Drainage basin responses to climate
change, Water Resour. Res., 33, 2031–2047, https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr00409, 1997.
Vandenberghe, J.: TIMESCALES, CLIMATE AND RIVER DEVELOPMENT, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 14, 631–638, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(95)00043-o, 1995.
Van De Wiel, M. J., Coulthard, T. J., Macklin, M. G., and Lewin, J.:
Embedding reach-scale fluvial dynamics within the CAESAR cellular automaton
landscape evolution model, Geomorphology, 90, 283–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.024, 2007.
Wasko, C. and Sharma, A.: Global assessment of flood and storm extremes
with increased temperatures, Sci. Rep.-UK, 7, 7945, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08481-1, 2017.
Wasko, C., Sharma, A., and Westra, S.: Reduced spatial extent of extreme
storms at higher temperatures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 4026–4032, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068509, 2016.
Westra, S., Alexander, L. V., and Zwiers, F. W.: Global Increasing Trends in
Annual Maximum Daily Precipitation, J. Climate, 26, 3904–3918, https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00502.1, 2013.
Westra, S., Fowler, H. J., Evans, J. P., Alexander, L. V., Berg, P.,
Johnson, F., Kendon, E. J., Lenderink, G., and Roberts, N. M.: Future changes
to the intensity and frequency of short-duration extreme rainfall, Rev.
Geophys., 52, 522–555, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014RG000464, 2014.
Wright, D. B., Smith, J. A., Villarini, G., and Baeck, M. L.: Estimating the
frequency of extreme rainfall using weather radar and stochastic storm
transposition, J. Hydrol., 488, 150–165, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.003, 2013.
Yakir, H. and Morin, E.: Hydrologic response of a semi-arid watershed to spatial and temporal characteristics of convective rain cells, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 393–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-393-2011, 2011.
Zhu, Z. H., Wright, D. B., and Yu, G.: The Impact of Rainfall Space-Time
Structure in Flood Frequency Analysis, Water Resour. Res., 54,
8983–8998, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr023550, 2018.
Zi, T., Kumar, M., Kiely, G., Lewis, C., and Albertson, J.: Simulating the
spatio-temporal dynamics of soil erosion, deposition, and yield using a
coupled sediment dynamics and 3D distributed hydrologic model, Environ.
Modell. Softw., 83, 310–325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.06.004, 2016.
Zoccatelli, D., Borga, M., Viglione, A., Chirico, G. B., and Blöschl, G.: Spatial moments of catchment rainfall: rainfall spatial organisation, basin morphology, and flood response, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3767–3783, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3767-2011, 2011.
Short summary
Extreme rainfall is expected to intensify with increasing temperatures, which will likely affect rainfall spatial structure. The spatial variability of rainfall can affect streamflow and sediment transport volumes and peaks. The sensitivity of the hydro-morphological response to changes in the structure of heavy rainfall was investigated. It was found that the morphological components are more sensitive to changes in rainfall spatial structure in comparison to the hydrological components.
Extreme rainfall is expected to intensify with increasing temperatures, which will likely affect...
