Articles | Volume 9, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1505-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1505-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Multi-objective optimisation of a rock coast evolution model with cosmogenic 10Be analysis for the quantification of long-term cliff retreat rates
Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Martin D. Hurst
School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
Matthew D. Piggott
Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Bethany G. Hebditch
Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Alexander J. Seal
Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Klaus M. Wilcken
Centre for Acceleration Science, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
Dylan H. Rood
Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
Related authors
Jennifer R. Shadrick, Dylan H. Rood, Martin D. Hurst, Matthew D. Piggott, Klaus M. Wilcken, and Alexander J. Seal
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 429–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-429-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-429-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a coastal evolution model to interpret cosmogenic beryllium-10 concentrations and topographic data and, in turn, quantify long-term cliff retreat rates for four chalk sites on the south coast of England. By using a process-based model, clear distinctions between intertidal weathering rates have been recognised between chalk and sandstone rock coast sites, advocating the use of process-based models to interpret the long-term behaviour of rock coasts.
Davor Dundovic, Joseph G. Wallwork, Stephan C. Kramer, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Regine Hock, and Matthew D. Piggott
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4023–4044, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4023-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4023-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate numerical studies of glaciers often require high-resolution simulations, which often prove too demanding even for modern computers. In this paper we develop a method that identifies whether different parts of a glacier require high or low resolution based on its physical features, such as its thickness and velocity. We show that by doing so we can achieve a more optimal simulation accuracy for the available computing resources compared to uniform-resolution simulations.
Joanne S. Johnson, John Woodward, Ian Nesbitt, Kate Winter, Seth Campbell, Keir A. Nichols, Ryan A. Venturelli, Scott Braddock, Brent M. Goehring, Brenda Hall, Dylan H. Rood, and Greg Balco
The Cryosphere, 19, 303–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-303-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-303-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Determining where and when the Antarctic ice sheet was smaller than present requires recovery and exposure dating of subglacial bedrock. Here we use ice sheet model outputs and field data (geological and glaciological observations, bedrock samples, and ground-penetrating radar) to assess the suitability for subglacial drilling of sites in the Hudson Mountains, West Antarctica. We find that no sites are perfect, but two are feasible, with the most suitable being Winkie Nunatak (74.86°S, 99.77°W).
Jonathan R. Adams, Dylan H. Rood, Klaus Wilcken, Stephen J. Roberts, and Joanne S. Johnson
Geochronology Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-34, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2024-34, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for GChron
Short summary
Short summary
Ice sheet mass loss is adding to sea-level rise, and is expected to increase, but by how much and how fast remains uncertain. Isotopes produced in rock at the Earth’s surface provide records of past ice sheet thinning which help predict future change but are more effective if they are precise enough to determine past changes to the nearest thousand years. The precision of carbon-14, an isotope which is guaranteed to record past change since the last ice age, can be improved.
Nicolas Bakken-French, Stephen J. Boyer, B. Clay Southworth, Megan Thayne, Dylan H. Rood, and Anders E. Carlson
The Cryosphere, 18, 4517–4530, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4517-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-4517-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Repeat photography, field mapping, and remote sensing find that glaciers on Mt. Hood, Oregon, have lost about 25 % of their area in the first 2 decades of the 21st century and 17 % of their area in the last 7–8 years. The 21st century recession rate is more than 3 times faster than the 20th century average and 1.9 times faster than the fastest period of retreat within the 20th century. This unprecedented retreat corresponds to regional summer warming of 1.7–1.8°C relative to the early 1900s.
Shuaib Rasheed, Simon C. Warder, Yves Plancherel, and Matthew D. Piggott
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 737–755, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here we use a high-resolution bathymetry dataset of the Maldives archipelago, as well as corresponding high numerical model resolution, to carry out a scenario-based tsunami hazard assessment for the entire Maldives archipelago to investigate the potential impact of plausible far-field tsunamis across the Indian Ocean at the island scale. The results indicate that several factors contribute to mitigating and amplifying tsunami waves at the island scale.
Jacob T. H. Anderson, Toshiyuki Fujioka, David Fink, Alan J. Hidy, Gary S. Wilson, Klaus Wilcken, Andrey Abramov, and Nikita Demidov
The Cryosphere, 17, 4917–4936, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4917-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4917-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic permafrost processes are not widely studied or understood in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Our data show that near-surface permafrost sediments were deposited ~180 000 years ago in Pearse Valley, while in lower Wright Valley sediments are either vertically mixed after deposition or were deposited < 25 000 years ago. Our data also record Taylor Glacier retreat from Pearse Valley ~65 000–74 000 years ago and support antiphase dynamics between alpine glaciers and sea ice in the Ross Sea.
Jennifer R. Shadrick, Dylan H. Rood, Martin D. Hurst, Matthew D. Piggott, Klaus M. Wilcken, and Alexander J. Seal
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 429–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-429-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-429-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a coastal evolution model to interpret cosmogenic beryllium-10 concentrations and topographic data and, in turn, quantify long-term cliff retreat rates for four chalk sites on the south coast of England. By using a process-based model, clear distinctions between intertidal weathering rates have been recognised between chalk and sandstone rock coast sites, advocating the use of process-based models to interpret the long-term behaviour of rock coasts.
Greg Balco, Nathan Brown, Keir Nichols, Ryan A. Venturelli, Jonathan Adams, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent Goehring, Joanne S. Johnson, Dylan H. Rood, Klaus Wilcken, Brenda Hall, and John Woodward
The Cryosphere, 17, 1787–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Samples of bedrock recovered from below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet show that part of the ice sheet was thinner several thousand years ago than it is now and subsequently thickened. This is important because of concern that present ice thinning in this region may lead to rapid, irreversible sea level rise. The past episode of thinning at this site that took place in a similar, although not identical, climate was not irreversible; however, reversal required at least 3000 years to complete.
Jonathan R. Adams, Joanne S. Johnson, Stephen J. Roberts, Philippa J. Mason, Keir A. Nichols, Ryan A. Venturelli, Klaus Wilcken, Greg Balco, Brent Goehring, Brenda Hall, John Woodward, and Dylan H. Rood
The Cryosphere, 16, 4887–4905, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4887-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4887-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers in West Antarctica are experiencing significant ice loss. Geological data provide historical context for ongoing ice loss in West Antarctica, including constraints on likely future ice sheet behaviour in response to climatic warming. We present evidence from rare isotopes measured in rocks collected from an outcrop next to Pope Glacier. These data suggest that Pope Glacier thinned faster and sooner after the last ice age than previously thought.
Mariana C. A. Clare, Tim W. B. Leijnse, Robert T. McCall, Ferdinand L. M. Diermanse, Colin J. Cotter, and Matthew D. Piggott
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2491–2515, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2491-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2491-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Assessing uncertainty is computationally expensive because it requires multiple runs of expensive models. We take the novel approach of assessing uncertainty from coastal flooding using a multilevel multifidelity (MLMF) method which combines the efficiency of less accurate models with the accuracy of more expensive models at different resolutions. This significantly reduces the computational cost but maintains accuracy, making previously unfeasible real-world studies possible.
Klaus M. Wilcken, Alexandru T. Codilean, Réka-H. Fülöp, Steven Kotevski, Anna H. Rood, Dylan H. Rood, Alexander J. Seal, and Krista Simon
Geochronology, 4, 339–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-339-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Cosmogenic nuclides are now widely applied in the Earth sciences; however, more recent applications often push the analytical limits of the technique. Our study presents a comprehensive method for analysis of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al samples down to isotope concentrations of a few thousand atoms per gram of sample, which opens the door to new and more varied applications of cosmogenic nuclide analysis.
Joanne S. Johnson, Ryan A. Venturelli, Greg Balco, Claire S. Allen, Scott Braddock, Seth Campbell, Brent M. Goehring, Brenda L. Hall, Peter D. Neff, Keir A. Nichols, Dylan H. Rood, Elizabeth R. Thomas, and John Woodward
The Cryosphere, 16, 1543–1562, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1543-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have suggested that some portions of the Antarctic Ice Sheet were less extensive than present in the last few thousand years. We discuss how past ice loss and regrowth during this time would leave its mark on geological and glaciological records and suggest ways in which future studies could detect such changes. Determining timing of ice loss and gain around Antarctica and conditions under which they occurred is critical for preparing for future climate-warming-induced changes.
Daniel Peifer, Cristina Persano, Martin D. Hurst, Paul Bishop, and Derek Fabel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 167–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-167-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-167-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Plate tectonics drive the formation of mountain ranges. Yet when tectonic forces cease, mountain ranges persist for hundreds of millions of years, forming major Earth surface features. This work presents denudation rate estimates from one such ancient mountain range that show that denudation is strongly tied to rock type. Resistant rocks denude more slowly despite having much steeper topography, and contrasts in rock type cause increasing relief in the absence of active tectonics.
Shuaib Rasheed, Simon C. Warder, Yves Plancherel, and Matthew D. Piggott
Ocean Sci., 17, 319–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-319-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-319-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental issues arising due to coastal modification and future sea level scenarios are a major environmental hazard facing the Maldives today. Here, we carry out high-resolution tidal modelling of a Maldivian atoll for the first time and show that coastal modification in the island scale is capable of driving large-scale change in the wider atoll basin in a short time, comparable to that of long-term sea level rise scenarios and on par with observations.
Greg Balco, Benjamin D. DeJong, John C. Ridge, Paul R. Bierman, and Dylan H. Rood
Geochronology, 3, 1–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-1-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The North American Varve Chronology (NAVC) is a sequence of 5659 annual sedimentary layers that were deposited in proglacial lakes adjacent to the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet ca. 12 500–18 200 years ago. We attempt to synchronize this record with Greenland ice core and other climate records that cover the same time period by detecting variations in global fallout of atmospherically produced beryllium-10 in NAVC sediments.
Cited articles
Adams, B. M., Eldred, M. S., Geraci, G., Hooper, R. W., Jakeman, J. D., Maupin, K. A., Monschke, J. A., Rushdi, A. A., Stephens, J. A., Swiler, L. P., Wildey, T. M., Bohnhoff, W. J., Dalbey, K. R., and Ebeida, M. S.: Dakota, A Multilevel Parallel Object-Oriented Framework for Design Optimization, Parameter Estimation, Uncertainty Quantification, and Sensitivity Analysis: Version 6.10 User's Manual, 388, 2019.
Balco, G., Stone, J. O., Lifton, N. A., and Dunai, T. J.: A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements, Quat. Geochronol., 3, 174–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2007.12.001, 2008.
Barlow, J., Moore, R., and Gheorghiu, D. M.: Reconstructing the recent failure chronology of a multistage landslide complex using cosmogenic isotope concentrations: St Catherine's Point, UK, Geomorphology, 268, 288–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.06.021, 2016.
Barnhart, K. R., Glade, R. C., Shobe, C. M., and Tucker, G. E.: Terrainbento 1.0: a Python package for multi-model analysis in long-term drainage basin evolution, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1267–1297, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1267-2019, 2019.
Barnhart, K. R., Tucker, G. E., Doty, S. G., Shobe, C. M., Glade, R. C., Rossi, M. W., and Hill, M. C.: Inverting Topography for Landscape Evolution Model Process Representation: 2. Calibration and Validation, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 125, e2018JF004963, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004963, 2020.
Bradley, S. L., Milne, G. A., Shennan, I., and Edwards, R.: An improved glacial isostatic adjustment model for the British Isles, J. Quat. Sci., 26, 541–552, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1481, 2011.
Braucher, R., Bourlès, D., Merchel, S., Vidal Romani, J., Fernadez-Mosquera, D., Marti, K., Léanni, L., Chauvet, F., Arnold, M., Aumaître, G., and Keddadouche, K.: Determination of muon attenuation lengths in depth profiles from in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 294, 484–490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2012.05.023, 2013.
Brooks, S. M. and Spencer, T.: Temporal and spatial variations in recession rates and sediment release from soft rock cliffs, Suffolk coast, UK, Geomorphology, 2010.
Buchanan, D. H., Naylor, L. A., Hurst, M. D., and Stephenson, W. J.: Erosion of rocky shore platforms by block detachment from layered stratigraphy, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 45, 1028–1037, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4797, 2020.
Choi, K. H., Seong, Y. B., Jung, P. M., and Lee, S. Y.: Using Cosmogenic 10Be Dating to Unravel the Antiquity of a Rocky Shore Platform on the West Coast of Korea, J. Coast. Res., 28, 641–657, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00087.1, 2012.
Coombes, M. A.: Chapter 5 The rock coast of the British Isles: weathering and biogenic processes, Geo. Soc. Mem., 40, 57–76, https://doi.org/10.1144/M40.5, 2014.
Dornbusch, U., Robinson, D. A., Moses, C. A., and Williams, R. B. G.: Temporal and spatial variations of chalk cliff retreat in East Sussex, 1873 to 2001, Mar. Geol., 249, 271–282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2007.12.005, 2008.
Duguet, T., Duperret, A., Costa, S., Regard, V., and Maillet, G.: Coastal chalk cliff retreat rates during the Holocene, inferred from submarine platform morphology and cosmogenic exposure along the Normandy coast (NW France), Mar. Geol., 433, 106405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106405, 2021.
Edmonds, E. A., Williams, B. J., and Taylor, R. T.: Geology of Bideford and Lundy Island, Institute of Geological Sciences, Natural Environment Research Council, London, 1979.
Estacio-Hiroms, K. C., Prudencio, E. E., Malaya, N. P., Vohra, M., and McDougall, D.: The QUESO Library, User's Manual, ArXiv, 161107521, Stat., 2016.
Gelman, A., Gilks, W. R., and Roberts, G. O.: Weak convergence and optimal scaling of random walk Metropolis algorithms, Ann. Appl. Probab., 7, 110–120, https://doi.org/10.1214/aoap/1034625254, 1997.
Gosse, J. C. and Phillips, F. M.: Terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides: theory and application, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 1475–1560, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00171-2, 2001.
Hastings, W. K.: Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications, Biometrika, 57, 97–109, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/57.1.97, 1970.
Hurst, M., Matsumoto, H., Shadrick, J. R., Rood, D. H., and Dickson, M. E.: mdhurst1/Rocky-Profile-Model: RPM-CRN with Dakota Implementation v1.0 (RPMV1.0), Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5645478, 2021.
Hurst, M. D., Rood, D. H., Ellis, M. A., Anderson, R. S., and Dornbusch, U.: Recent acceleration in coastal cliff retreat rates on the south coast of Great Britain, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 13336–13341, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613044113, 2016.
Hurst, M. D., Rood, D. H., and Ellis, M. A.: Controls on the distribution of cosmogenic 10Be across shore platforms, Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 67–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-67-2017, 2017.
Kennedy, D. M., Stephenson, W. J., and Naylor, L. A.: Chapter 1 Introduction to the rock coasts of the world, Geo. Soc. Mem., 40, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1144/M40.1, 2014.
Kennedy, M. C. and O'Hagan, A.: Bayesian calibration of computer models, J. R. Stat. Soc. B, 63, 425–464, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00294, 2001.
Limber, P. W. and Murray, A. B.: Beach and sea-cliff dynamics as a driver of long-term rocky coastline evolution and stability, Geology, 39, 1147–1150, https://doi.org/10.1130/G32315.1, 2011.
Masteller, C., Hovius, N., Thomspon, C., Vann-Jones, E., Woo, H. B., Adams, P., Dickson, M., Young, A., and Rosser, N.: Exploring the interplay of wave climate, vertical land motion, and rocky coast evolution, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-12680, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12680, 2020.
Matsumoto, H., Dickson, M. E., and Kench, P. S.: An exploratory numerical model of rocky shore profile evolution, Geomorphology, 268, 98–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.017, 2016.
Matsumoto, H., Dickson, M. E., and Masselink, G.: Systematic analysis of rocky shore platform morphology at large spatial scale using LiDAR-derived digital elevation models, Geomorphology, 286, 45–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.03.011, 2017.
Matsumoto, H., Dickson, M. E., and Kench, P. S.: Modelling the relative dominance of wave erosion and weathering processes in shore platform development in micro- to mega-tidal settings, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 43, 2642–2653, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4422, 2018.
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. H., and Teller, E.: Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines, J. Chem. Phys., 21, 1087–1092, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114, 1953.
Moses, C. A.: Chapter 4 The rock coast of the British Isles: shore platforms, Geo. Soc. Mem., 40, 39–56, https://doi.org/10.1144/M40.4, 2014.
Mudd, S. M., Harel, M.-A., Hurst, M. D., Grieve, S. W. D., and Marrero, S. M.: The CAIRN method: automated, reproducible calculation of catchment-averaged denudation rates from cosmogenic nuclide concentrations, Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 655–674, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-655-2016, 2016.
National Tidal and Sea Level Facility: https://www.ntslf.org/ (last access: 29 November 21), last modified: 27 November 2021.
Naylor, L. A. and Stephenson, W. J.: On the role of discontinuities in mediating shore platform erosion, Geomorphology, 114, 89–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.12.024, 2010.
Nishiizumi, K., Imamura, M., Caffee, M. W., Southon, J. R., Finkel, R. C., and McAninch, J.: Absolute calibration of 10Be AMS standards, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 258, 403–413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2007.01.297, 2007.
Ogawa, H., Dickson, M. E., and Kench, P. S.: Wave transformation on a sub-horizontal shore platform, Tatapouri, North Island, New Zealand, Cont. Shelf Res., 31, 1409–1419, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2011.05.006, 2011.
Payo, A., Hall, J. W., Dickson, M. E., and Walkden, M. J. A.: Feedback structure of cliff and shore platform morphodynamics, J. Coast. Conserv., 19, 847–859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-014-0342-z, 2015.
Poate, T., Masselink, G., Austin, M. J., Dickson, M., and McCall, R.: The Role of Bed Roughness in Wave Transformation Across Sloping Rock Shore Platforms, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 123, 97–123, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004277, 2018.
Porter, N. J., Trenhaile, A. S., Prestanski, K., and Kanyaya, J. I.: Patterns of surface downwearing on shore platforms in eastern Canada, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 35, 1793–1810, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2018, 2010.
Prémaillon, M., Regard, V., Dewez, T. J. B., and Auda, Y.: GlobR2C2 (Global Recession Rates of Coastal Cliffs): a global relational database to investigate coastal rocky cliff erosion rate variations, Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 651–668, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-651-2018, 2018.
Raimbault, C., Duperret, A., Regard, V., Molliex, S., Wyns, R., Authemayou, C., and Le Gall, B.: Quaternary geomorphological evolution of a granitic shore platform constrained by in situ 10Be concentrations, Penmarc'h, SW Brittany, France, Mar. Geol., 395, 33–47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.09.011, 2018.
Recorbet, F., Rochette, P., Braucher, R., Bourlès, D., Benedetti, L., Hantz, D., and Finkel, R. C.: Evidence for active retreat of a coastal cliff between 3.5 and 12 ka in Cassis (South East France), Geomorphology, 115, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.023, 2010.
Regard, V., Dewez, T., Bourlès, D. L., Anderson, R. S., Duperret, A., Costa, S., Leanni, L., Lasseur, E., Pedoja, K., and Maillet, G. M.: Late Holocene seacliff retreat recorded by 10Be profiles across a coastal platform: Theory and example from the English Channel, Quat. Geochronol., 11, 87–97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.02.027, 2012.
Riding, J. B. and Wright, J. K.: Palynostratigraphy of the Scalby Formation (Middle Jurassic) of the Cleveland basin, north-east Yorkshire, P. Yorks. Geol. Soc., 47, 349–354, 1989.
Rogers, H. E., Swanson, T. W., and Stone, J. O.: Long-term shoreline retreat rates on Whidbey Island, Washington, USA, Quaternary Res., 78, 315–322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.06.001, 2012.
Stephenson, W. J., Kirk, R. M., and Hemmingsen, M. A.: Forty three years of micro-erosion meter monitoring of erosion rates on shore platforms at Kaikōura Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand, Geomorphology, 344, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.07.012, 2019.
Sunamura, T.: Geomorphology of rocky coasts, vol. 302, Wiley, Chichester, 1992.
Sunamura, T.: Rocky coast processes: with special reference to the recession of soft rock cliffs, P. Jpn. Acad. B-Phys., 91, 481–500, https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.91.481, 2015.
Swirad, Z. M., Rosser, N. J., and Brain, M. J.: Identifying mechanisms of shore platform erosion using Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 44, 1542–1558, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4591, 2019.
Swirad, Z. M., Rosser, N. J., Brain, M. J., Rood, D. H., Hurst, M. D., Wilcken, K. M., and Barlow, J.: Cosmogenic exposure dating reveals limited long-term variability in erosion of a rocky coastline, Nat. Commun., 11, 3804, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17611-9, 2020.
Thompson, C. F., Young, A. P., and Dickson, M. E.: Wave impacts on coastal cliffs: Do bigger waves drive greater ground motion?, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 44, 2849–2860, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4712, 2019.
Trenhaile, A. S.: Modeling the development of wave-cut shore platforms, Mar. Geol., 166, 163–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00013-X, 2000.
Trenhaile, A. S.: Modeling the role of weathering in shore platform development, Geomorphology, 94, 24–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.04.002, 2008a.
Trenhaile, A. S.: The development of subhorizontal shore platforms by waves and weathering in microtidal environments, Z. Geomorphol., 52, 105–124, https://doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2008/0052-0105, 2008b.
Trenhaile, A. S.: Chapter 2 Climate change and its impact on rock coasts, Geo. Soc. Mem., 40, 7–17, https://doi.org/10.1144/M40.2, 2014.
Trenhaile, A. S.: Shore platform erosion and evolution: Implications for cosmogenic nuclide analysis, Mar. Geol., 403, 80–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2018.05.005, 2018.
Walkden, M. J. A. and Hall, J. W.: A predictive Mesoscale model of the erosion and profile development of soft rock shores, Coast. Eng., 52, 535–563, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2005.02.005, 2005.
Wilcken, K. M., Fink, D., Hotchkis, M. A. C., Garton, D., Button, D., Mann, M., Kitchen, R., Hauser, T., and O'Connor, A.: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry on SIRIUS: New 6MV spectrometer at ANSTO, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 406, 278–282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.01.003, 2017.
Yuan, R., Kennedy, D. M., Stephenson, W. J., and Finlayson, B. L.: The multidecadal spatial pattern of erosion on sandstone shore platforms in south-eastern Australia, Geomorphology, 371, 107437, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107437, 2020.
Short summary
Here we use topographic and 10Be concentration data to optimise a coastal evolution model. Cliff retreat rates are calculated for two UK sites for the past 8000 years and, for the first time, highlight a strong link between the rate of sea level rise and long-term cliff retreat rates. This method enables us to study past cliff response to sea level rise and so to greatly improve forecasts of future responses to accelerations in sea level rise that will result from climate change.
Here we use topographic and 10Be concentration data to optimise a coastal evolution model. Cliff...