Articles | Volume 9, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1251-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1251-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Landslide-lake outburst floods accelerate downstream hillslope slippage
Three-gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research
Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing, 100083, China
Jian Fang
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan, 430079, China
Jing Liu-Zeng
Institute of Surface–Earth System Science, Tianjin University,
Tianjin, 300072, China
Related authors
Jing Tian, Wentao Yang, Jian Fang, and Chong Xu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2786, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2786, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Shadows in optical images will deteriorate deformation measures in the pixel offset tracking method. We proposed a simple method to correct mismatches in deformation time series between Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8. We found high temperatures accelerated the landslide deformation in summers 2017/18, because rising temperatures weakened the ice strength on the sliding plane. Climate warming will result in more similar hazard chains in deglaciating mountains.
Wentao Yang, Wenwen Qi, and Jian Fang
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2020-106, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2020-106, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Major mountain earthquakes often trigger numerous co-seismic landslides. Vegetation dynamics on landslides can be used to indicate post-seismic landslide activity. We used thousands of remote sensing images and possible influencing factors to uncover the spatial pattern and drivers of vegetation recovery on landslides after the great 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Detailed pattern for the entire region is revealed and three paramount influencing factors were determined.
Wentao Yang, Lianyou Liu, and Peijun Shi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3215–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3215-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3215-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed deformation of a moving slope along the Jinsha River from November 2015 to November 2019. The slope is 80 km downstream from the famous Baige landslide, which caused two mega floods affecting downstream communities. This slope was relatively stable for the first 3 years (2015–2018) but moved significantly in the last year (2018–2019). The deformation is linked to seasonal precipitation. If this slope continues to slide downwards, it may have similar impacts to the Baige landslide.
Jing Tian, Wentao Yang, Jian Fang, and Chong Xu
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2786, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2786, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Shadows in optical images will deteriorate deformation measures in the pixel offset tracking method. We proposed a simple method to correct mismatches in deformation time series between Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8. We found high temperatures accelerated the landslide deformation in summers 2017/18, because rising temperatures weakened the ice strength on the sliding plane. Climate warming will result in more similar hazard chains in deglaciating mountains.
Jiayi Fang, Thomas Wahl, Jian Fang, Xun Sun, Feng Kong, and Min Liu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4403–4416, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4403-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4403-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive assessment of compound flooding potential is missing for China. We investigate dependence, drivers, and impacts of storm surge and precipitation for coastal China. Strong dependence exists between driver combinations, with variations of seasons and thresholds. Sea level rise escalates compound flood potential. Meteorology patterns are pronounced for low and high compound flood potential. Joint impacts from surge and precipitation were much higher than from each individually.
Wentao Yang, Wenwen Qi, and Jian Fang
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2020-106, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2020-106, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Major mountain earthquakes often trigger numerous co-seismic landslides. Vegetation dynamics on landslides can be used to indicate post-seismic landslide activity. We used thousands of remote sensing images and possible influencing factors to uncover the spatial pattern and drivers of vegetation recovery on landslides after the great 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Detailed pattern for the entire region is revealed and three paramount influencing factors were determined.
Wentao Yang, Lianyou Liu, and Peijun Shi
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3215–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3215-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3215-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed deformation of a moving slope along the Jinsha River from November 2015 to November 2019. The slope is 80 km downstream from the famous Baige landslide, which caused two mega floods affecting downstream communities. This slope was relatively stable for the first 3 years (2015–2018) but moved significantly in the last year (2018–2019). The deformation is linked to seasonal precipitation. If this slope continues to slide downwards, it may have similar impacts to the Baige landslide.
Cited articles
Baker, V. R.: Water and the Martian landscape, Nature, 412, 228–236, https://doi.org/10.1038/35084172, 2001.
Baynes, E. R. C., Attal, M., Niedermann, S., Kirstein, L. A., Dugmore, A. J.,
and Naylor, M.: Extreme flood erosion dominates canyon evolution, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 2355–2360, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1415443112, 2015.
Brookfield, M. E.: The evolution of the great river systems of southern Asia
during the Cenozoic India-Asia collision: rivers draining southwards, Geomorphology, 22, 285–312, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(97)00082-2, 1998.
Cai, Y., Cheng, H., Wu, S., Yang, Q., Wang, L., Luan Y., and Chen, Z.:
Breaches of the Baige Barrier Lake: Emergency response and dam breach flood,
Sci. China Technol. Sci., 63, 1164–1176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-019-1475-y, 2020.
Cao, C., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Ruan, Y., Zheng, L., Song, S., and Niu, C.: Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Vertical Distribution Law of
Precipitation Area: Case of the Xulong Hydropower Station Reservoir,
Southwestern China, Water, 8, 270, https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070270, 2016.
Cenderelli, D. A. and Wohl, E. E.: Peak discharge estimates of glacial-lake
outburst floods and “normal” climatic floods in the Mount Everest region,
Nepal, Geomorphology, 40, 57–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00037-X, 2001.
Chen, Z., Zhang, X., Shen, F., Zhao, J., Liu, Y., Tang, W., Bruchfiel, B. C.,
King, R. W., and Royden, L. H.: GPS Monitoring of Crustal Movement in Southwest
China, Chin. Sci. Bull., 44, 851–854, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886164, 1999.
Chen, Z., Burchfiel, B. C., Liu, Y., King, R. W., Royden, L. H., Tang, W.,
Wang, E., Zhao, J., and Zhang, X.: Global Positioning System measurements from
eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental
deformation, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 105, 16215–16227, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900092, 2000.
Cook, K. L., Andermann, C., Gimbert, F., Adhikari, B. R., and Hovius, N.:
Glacial lake outburst floods as drivers of fluvial erosion in the Himalaya,
Science, 362, 53–57, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat4981, 2018.
Croissant, T., Lague, D., Steer, P., and Davy, P.: Rapid post-seismic
landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width, Nat. Geosci., 10,
680–684, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3005, 2017.
Dai, F. C., Lee, C. F., Deng, J. H., and Tham, L. G.: The 1786
earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the
Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 205–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.08.011, 2005.
Delaney, K. B. and Evans, S. G.: The 2000 Yigong landslide (Tibetan
Plateau), rockslide-dammed lake and outburst flood: Review, remote sensing
analysis, and process modelling, Geomorphology, 246, 377–393, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.06.020, 2015.
Duan, W., He, B., Nover, D., Fan, J., Yang, G., Chen, W., Meng, H., and Liu,
C.: Floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China over the last
century, Nat. Hazards, 82, 401–413, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2207-2, 2016.
Fan, X., Xu, Q., Alonso-Rodriguez, A., Subramanian, S. S., Li, W., Zheng,
G., Dong, X., and Huang, R.: Successive landsliding and damming of the
Jinsha River in eastern Tibet, China: prime investigation, early warning,
and emergency response, Landslides, 16, 1003–1020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01159-x, 2019.
Fan, X., Dufresne, A., Siva Subramanian, S., Strom, A., Hermanns, R.,
Tacconi Stefanelli, C., Hewitt, K., Yunus, A. P., Dunning, S., Capra, L.,
Geertsema, M., Miller, B., Casagli, N., Jansen, J. D., and Xu, Q.: The
formation and impact of landslide dams – State of the art, Earth-Sci. Rev.,
203, 103116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103116, 2020.
Fan, X., Tang, C. X., van Westen, C. J., and Alkema, D.: Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 3031–3044, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-3031-2012, 2012a.
Fan, X., van Westen, C. J., Xu, Q., Gorum, T., and Dai, F.: Analysis of
landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, J. Asian Earth Sci.,
57, 25–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.06.002, 2012b.
Fang, J., Yang, W., Luan, Y., Du, J., Lin, A., and Zhao, L.: Evaluation of
the TRMM 3B42 and GPM IMERG products for extreme precipitation analysis over
China, Atmos. Res., 223, 24–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.03.001, 2019.
Gallen, S. F., Clark, M. K., and Godt, J. W.: Coseismic landslides reveal
near-surface rock strength in a high-relief, tectonically active setting.
Geology, 43, 11–14, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36080.1, 2015.
Hallet, B. and Molnar, P.: Distorted drainage basins as markers of crustal
strain east of the Himalaya, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 106,
13697–13709, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900335, 2001.
Higaki, D. and Sato, G.: Erosion and sedimentation caused by glacial lake
outburst floods in the Nepal and Bhutan Himalayas, Global Environ. Res.,
16, 71–76, 2012.
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency: ALOS Global Digital Surface Model “ALOS World 3D – 30 m” (AW3D30), available at: https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/index.htm, last access: 15 September 2021.
Keisling, B. A., Nielsen, L. T., Hvidberg, C. S., Nuterman, R., and DeConto,
R. M.: Pliocene–Pleistocene megafloods as a mechanism for Greenlandic
megacanyon formation, Geology, 48, 737–741, https://doi.org/10.1130/G47253.1, 2020.
Korup, O. and Tweed, F.: Ice, moraine, and landslide dams in mountainous
terrain, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 26, 3406–3422, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.10.012, 2007.
Lacroix, P., Bièvre, G., Pathier, E., Kniess, U., and Jongmans, D.: Use of
Sentinel-2 images for the detection of precursory motions before landslide
failures, Remote Sens. Environ., 215, 507–516, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.03.042, 2018.
Larsen, I. J. and Montgomery, D. R.: Landslide erosion coupled to tectonics
and river incision, Nat. Geosci., 5, 468–473, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1479, 2012.
Lamb, M. and Fonstad, M.: Rapid formation of a modern bedrock canyon by a
single flood event, Nat. Geosci., 3, 477–481, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo894, 2010.
Lamb, M. P., Mackey, B. H., and Farley, K. A.: Amphitheater-headed canyons formed by
megaflooding, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 57–62, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312251111, 2014.
Leprince, S., Barbot, S., Ayoub, F., and Avouac, J.: Automatic and precise
orthorectification, coregistration, and subpixel correlation of satellite
images, application to ground deformation measurements, IEEE T. Geosci.
Remote, 45, 1529–1558, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.888937, 2007.
Ling, S. and Evans S. G.: GIS-based analysis of 1933 Diexi Landslides and
dam breach on the Min River, Sichuan, China, EGU General
Assembly Conference Abstracts, 27 April–2 May 2014, Vienna, Austria, Bibcode: 2014EGUGA..1612446L, 2014.
Liu, W., Carling, P. A., Hu, K., Wang, H., Zhou, Z., Zhou, L, Liu, D., Lai,
Z., and Zhang, X.: Outburst floods in China: A review, Earth-Sci. Rev., 197,
102895, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102895, 2019.
Liu-Zeng, J., Tapponnier, P., Gaudemer, Y., and Ding, L.: Quantifying
landscape differences across the Tibetan plateau: Implications for
topographic relief evolution, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 113, F04018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JF000897, 2008.
Malatesta, L. C., Prancevic, J. P., and Avouac, J. P.: Autogenic
entrenchment patterns and terraces due to coupling with lateral erosion in
incising alluvial channels. J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 335–355, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JF003797, 2017.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., and
Kent, J.: Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403,
853–858, https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501, 2000.
Ouyang, C., An, H., Zhou, S., Wang, Z., Su, P., Wang, D., Chen, D., and She,
J.: Insights from the failure and dynamic characteristics of two sequential
landslides at Baige village along the Jinsha River, China, Landslides, 16,
1397–1414, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01177-9, 2019.
Schwanghart, W., Worni, R., Huggel, C., Stoffel, M., and Korup, O.:
Uncertainty in the Himalayan energy–water nexus: estimating regional
exposure to glacial lake outburst floods, Environ. Res. Lett., 11,
074005, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/7/074005, 2016.
Sinergise Laboratory for geographical information systems, Ltd.: Sentinel Hub, available at: https://www.sentinel-hub.com/, last access: 15 September 2021.
Stumpf, A., Malet, J. P., and Delacourt, C.: Correlation of satellite image
time-series for the detection and monitoring of slow-moving landslides.
Remote Sens. Environ., 189, 40–55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.11.007, 2017.
Turzewski, M. D., Huntington, K. W., and LeVeque, R. J.: The Geomorphic
Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical
Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya, J. Geophys.
Res.-Earth, 124, 1056–1079, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004778, 2019.
Wu, Q., Zhao, Z., Liu, L., Granger, D. E., Wang, H., Cohen, D. J., Wu, X., Ye,
M., Bar-Yosef, O., Lu, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, P., Yuan, D., Qi, W., Cai, L.,
and Bai, S.: Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's
Great Flood and the Xia dynasty, Science, 353, 579–582, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf0842, 2016.
Xiong, M., Li, J., and Chen, Y.: Runoff Trend and Natural Driving Force in
the Upper Jinsha River, Water Resour. Res., 9, 235–248, https://doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2020.93025, 2020.
Yang, W.: Selecting the best image pairs to measure slope deformation, Sensors, 20, 4721, https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174721, 2020.
Yang, W., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Ma, C., and Ma, Y.: Retrospective deformation
of the Baige landslide using optical remote sensing images, Landslides,
17, 659–668, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01311-7, 2020a.
Yang, W., Liu, L., and Shi, P.: Detecting precursors of an imminent landslide along the Jinsha River, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3215–3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3215-2020, 2020b.
Zhang, J., Yang, H., Liu-Zeng, J., Ge, Y., Wang, W., Yao, W., and Xu, S.:
Reconstructing the incision of the Lancang River (Upper Mekong) in
southeastern Tibet below its prominent knickzone using fluvial terraces and
transient tributary profiles, Geomorphology, 376, 107551, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107551, 2021.
Zhong, Q., Chen, S., Wang, L., and Shan, Y.: Back analysis of breaching
process of Baige landslide dam, J. Hydrol., 17, 1681–1692, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01398-3, 2020.
Short summary
The eastern Tibetan Plateau is an ideal place to study interactions among different geomorphic drivers. We report the impacts of two 2018 landslide-lake outburst floods up to 100 km distance downstream of the Jinsha River. By using remote sensing images, we found that the 2018 floods caused many hillslopes to slump during the prolonged period afterwards. The finding could help us to obtain a holistic picture of LLF impacts and improve geomorphic models of landscape evolution.
The eastern Tibetan Plateau is an ideal place to study interactions among different geomorphic...