Articles | Volume 12, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-559-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Department of Earth Sciences, Physical Geography, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
Tim P. Dooley
Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
Michael R. Hudec
Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
Related authors
Jacob Hardt, Nadav Nir, Christopher Lüthgens, Thomas M. Menn, and Brigitta Schütt
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 37–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-37-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-37-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the geomorphological and geological characteristics of the archaeological sites Hawelti–Melazo and the surroundings. We performed sedimentological analyses, as well as direct (luminescence) and indirect (radiocarbon) sediment dating, to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental conditions, which we integrated into the wider context of Tigray.
Christopher Lüthgens and Jacob Hardt
DEUQUA Spec. Pub., 4, 29–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-29-2022, 2022
Moritz Nykamp, Jacob Hardt, Philipp Hoelzmann, Jens May, and Tony Reimann
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 70, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-1-2021, 2021
Christopher Lüthgens, Jacob Hardt, and Margot Böse
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 201–223, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-201-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-201-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our new concept of the Weichselian ice dynamics in the south-western sector of the Baltic Sea depression is based on existing geochronological data from Germany, Denmark and southernmost Sweden, as well as new data from north-east Germany. Previous models are mainly based on the reconstruction of morphologically continuous ice-marginal positions, whereas our model shows a strong lobate and variable character of ice advances. We strongly suggest an age- and process-based approach in the future.
Jacob Hardt
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 66, 101–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-101-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-101-2017, 2017
Jacob Hardt, Nadav Nir, Christopher Lüthgens, Thomas M. Menn, and Brigitta Schütt
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 37–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-37-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-37-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the geomorphological and geological characteristics of the archaeological sites Hawelti–Melazo and the surroundings. We performed sedimentological analyses, as well as direct (luminescence) and indirect (radiocarbon) sediment dating, to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental conditions, which we integrated into the wider context of Tigray.
Christopher Lüthgens and Jacob Hardt
DEUQUA Spec. Pub., 4, 29–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-29-2022, 2022
Moritz Nykamp, Jacob Hardt, Philipp Hoelzmann, Jens May, and Tony Reimann
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 70, 1–17, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-1-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-1-2021, 2021
Christopher Lüthgens, Jacob Hardt, and Margot Böse
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 201–223, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-201-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-201-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our new concept of the Weichselian ice dynamics in the south-western sector of the Baltic Sea depression is based on existing geochronological data from Germany, Denmark and southernmost Sweden, as well as new data from north-east Germany. Previous models are mainly based on the reconstruction of morphologically continuous ice-marginal positions, whereas our model shows a strong lobate and variable character of ice advances. We strongly suggest an age- and process-based approach in the future.
Tim P. Dooley and Michael R. Hudec
Solid Earth, 11, 1187–1204, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1187-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1187-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Sandbox models investigated extension and inversion of salt-bearing rifts such as those found in the Moroccan High Atlas, North Africa. Sand packs were stretched and the structural lows were filled with a salt analog. Models were then subjected to additional extension and loading that remobilized the salt into diapirs. During shortening the distribution of the salt in the overburden governed the structural styles and trends in the supra-salt strata, strongly decoupled from subsalt deformation.
Jacob Hardt
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 66, 101–102, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-101-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-66-101-2017, 2017
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics: the case of Shap granite, UK
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Path length and sediment transport estimation from DEMs of difference: a signal processing approach
Influence of cohesive clay on wave–current ripple dynamics captured in a 3D phase diagram
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 1: Erosion dynamics
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 2: Suspended sediment dynamics
Geomorphological and hydrological controls on sediment export in earthquake-affected catchments in the Nepal Himalaya
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 2: Probabilistic analysis
Field monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows at Ohya landslide scar, Japan
Analysis of autogenic bifurcation processes resulting in river avulsion
Bedload transport fluctuations, flow conditions, and disequilibrium ratio at the Swiss Erlenbach stream: results from 27 years of high-resolution temporal measurements
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 1: convolutional-neural-network-based semantic segmentation for water detection
Coexistence of two dune scales in a lowland river
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Alpine hillslope failure in the western US: insights from the Chaos Canyon landslide, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Using repeat UAV-based laser scanning and multispectral imagery to explore eco-geomorphic feedbacks along a river corridor
Numerical modelling of the evolution of a river reach with a complex morphology to help define future sustainable restoration decisions
Method to evaluate large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation associated with sediment erosion and deposition
Effects of seasonal variations in vegetation and precipitation on catchment erosion rates along a climate and ecological gradient: insights from numerical modeling
On the use of convolutional deep learning to predict shoreline change
Riverine Sediment Response to Deforestation in the Amazon Basin
On the use of packing models for the prediction of fluvial sediment porosity
Automated riverbed composition analysis using deep learning on underwater images
Marsh-induced backwater: the influence of non-fluvial sedimentation on a delta's channel morphology and kinematics
Spatial and temporal variations in rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be in medial moraines at five valley glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla, Switzerland
Building a bimodal landscape: bedrock lithology and bed thickness controls on the morphology of Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA
Geotechnical controls on erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
Linear-stability analysis of plane beds under flows with suspended loads
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff generation, evolution, and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Estimating surface water availability in high mountain rock slopes using a numerical energy balance model
Sediment source and sink identification using Sentinel-2 and a small network of turbidimeters on the Vjosa River
Spatiotemporal bedload transport patterns over two-dimensional bedforms
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Ice-buttressing-controlled rock slope failure on a cirque headwall, Lake District, UK
The probabilistic nature of dune collisions in 2D
Shape still matters: rockfall interactions with trees and deadwood in a mountain forest uncover a new facet of rock shape dependency
Earthquake contributions to coastal cliff retreat
Morphologic and morphometric differences between gullies formed in different substrates on Mars: new insights into the gully formation processes
Testing the sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood landscape evolution model to grid cell size
Development of a machine learning model for river bed load
Modeling the spatially distributed nature of subglacial sediment transport and erosion
Confinement width and inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio control the morphology and braiding intensity of submarine channels: insights from physical experiments and reduced-complexity models
Decadal-scale decay of landslide-derived fluvial suspended sediment after Typhoon Morakot
The influence of dune lee side shape on time-averaged velocities and turbulence
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Edge rounding in Shap granite glacial erratics is an irregular function of distance from the source outcrop in northern England, UK. Block shape is conservative, evolving according to block fracture mechanics – stochastic and silver ratio models – towards either of two attractor states. Progressive reduction in size occurs for blocks transported at the sole of the ice mass where the blocks are subject to compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting against a bedrock or till surface.
Gary Parker, Chenge An, Michael P. Lamb, Marcelo H. Garcia, Elizabeth H. Dingle, and Jeremy G. Venditti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River morphology has traditionally been divided by the size 2 mm. We use dimensionless arguments to show that particles in the 1–5 mm range (i) are the finest range not easily suspended by alluvial flood flows, (ii) are transported preferentially over coarser gravel, and (iii), within limits, are also transported preferentially over sand. We show how fluid viscosity mediates the special status of sediment in this range.
Lindsay Marie Capito, Enrico Pandrin, Walter Bertoldi, Nicola Surian, and Simone Bizzi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 321–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose that the pattern of erosion and deposition from repeat topographic surveys can be a proxy for path length in gravel-bed rivers. With laboratory and field data, we applied tools from signal processing to quantify this periodicity and used these path length estimates to calculate sediment transport using the morphological method. Our results highlight the potential to expand the use of the morphological method using only remotely sensed data as well as its limitations.
Xuxu Wu, Jonathan Malarkey, Roberto Fernández, Jaco H. Baas, Ellen Pollard, and Daniel R. Parsons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The seabed changes from flat to rippled in response to the frictional influence of waves and currents. This experimental study has shown that the speed of this change, the size of ripples that result and even whether ripples appear also depend on the amount of sticky mud present. This new classification on the basis of initial mud content should lead to improvements in models of seabed change in present environments by engineers and the interpretation of past environments by geologists.
Andrea D'Alpaos, Davide Tognin, Laura Tommasini, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment erosion induced by wind waves is one of the main drivers of the morphological evolution of shallow tidal environments. However, a reliable description of erosion events for the long-term morphodynamic modelling of tidal systems is still lacking. By statistically characterizing sediment erosion dynamics in the Venice Lagoon over the last 4 centuries, we set up a novel framework for a synthetic, yet reliable, description of erosion events in tidal systems.
Davide Tognin, Andrea D'Alpaos, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of sediment transport processes is necessary to understand the fate of shallow tidal environments. Here we present a framework for the description of suspended sediment dynamics to quantify deposition in the long-term modelling of shallow tidal systems. This characterization, together with that of erosion events, allows one to set up synthetic, yet reliable, models for the long-term evolution of tidal landscapes.
Emma L. S. Graf, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikaël Attal, Boris Gailleton, Basanta Raj Adhikari, and Bishnu Raj Baral
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 135–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite images, we show that, unlike other examples of earthquake-affected rivers, the rivers of central Nepal experienced little increase in sedimentation following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Instead, a catastrophic flood occurred in 2021 that buried towns and agricultural land under up to 10 m of sediment. We show that intense storms remobilised glacial sediment from high elevations causing much a greater impact than flushing of earthquake-induced landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listening to the acoustic noise generated by particle impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 105–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a detailed characterization of the frequency, intensity and duration of flooding events at a site along the Texas coast. Our analysis demonstrates the suitability of relatively simple wave run-up models to estimate the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. Our results validate and expand a probabilistic model of coastal flooding driven by wave run-up that can then be used in coastal risk management in response to sea level rise.
Shunsuke Oya, Fumitoshi Imaizumi, and Shoki Takayama
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 67–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows was performed at Ohya landslide scar, central Japan. The pore water pressure in some partly saturated flows greatly exceeded the hydrostatic pressure. The depth gradient of the pore water pressure in the lower part of the flow was generally higher than the upper part of the flow. We conclude that excess pore water pressure is present in many debris flow surges and is an important mechanism in debris flow behavior.
Gabriele Barile, Marco Redolfi, and Marco Tubino
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River bifurcations often show the closure of one branch (avulsion), whose causes are still poorly understood. Our model shows that when one branch stops transporting sediments, the other considerably erodes and captures much more flow, resulting in a self-sustaining process. This phenomenon intensifies when increasing the length of the branches, eventually leading to branch closure. This work may help to understand when avulsions occur and thus to design sustainable river restoration projects.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal flooding can cause significant damage to coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities and is expected to increase in frequency with the acceleration of sea level rise. In order to respond to it, it is crucial to measure and model their frequency and intensity. Here, we show deep-learning techniques can be successfully used to automatically detect flooding events from complex coastal imagery, opening the way to real-time monitoring and data acquisition for model development.
Judith Y. Zomer, Bart Vermeulen, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1283–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary bedforms that are superimposed on large, primary dunes likely play a large role in fluvial systems. This study demonstrates that they can be omnipresent. Especially during peak flows, they grow large and can have steep slopes, likely affecting flood risk and sediment transport dynamics. Primary dune morphology determines whether they continuously or intermittently migrate. During discharge peaks, the secondary bedforms can become the dominant dune scale.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2190, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, we propose a methodology to generate risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This methodology uses concepts from probability theory to learn the parameter values of the river migration model from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that don't explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Christopher Tomsett and Julian Leyland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1223–1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation influences how rivers change through time, yet the way in which we analyse vegetation is limited. Current methods collect detailed data at the individual plant level or determine dominant vegetation types across larger areas. Herein, we use UAVs to collect detailed vegetation datasets for a 1 km length of river and link vegetation properties to channel evolution occurring within the study site, providing a new method for investigating the influence of vegetation on river systems.
Rabab Yassine, Ludovic Cassan, Hélène Roux, Olivier Frysou, and François Pérès
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1199–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting river morphology evolution is very complicated, especially for mountain rivers with complex morphologies such as the Lac des Gaves reach in France. A 2D hydromorphological model was developed to reproduce the channel's evolution and provide reliable volumetric predictions while revealing the challenge of choosing adapted sediment transport and friction laws. Our model can provide decision-makers with reliable predictions to design suitable restoration measures for this reach.
Daisuke Harada and Shinji Egashira
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1183–1197, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for describing large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation and the storage equation, which are associated with active sediment erosion and deposition. Compared to the existing Lagrangian method, the proposed method can easily simulate the behavior of large wood in the flow field with active sediment transport. The method is applied to the flood disaster in the Akatani River in 2017, and the 2-D flood flow computations are successfully performed.
Hemanti Sharma and Todd A. Ehlers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1161–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonality in precipitation (P) and vegetation (V) influences catchment erosion (E), although which factor plays the dominant role is unclear. In this study, we performed a sensitivity analysis of E to P–V seasonality through numerical modeling. Our results suggest that P variations strongly influence seasonal variations in E, while the effect of seasonal V variations is secondary but significant. This is more pronounced in moderate and least pronounced in extreme environmental settings.
Eduardo Gomez-de la Peña, Giovanni Coco, Colin Whittaker, and Jennifer Montaño
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1145–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting how shorelines change over time is a major challenge in coastal research. We here have turned to deep learning (DL), a data-driven modelling approach, to predict the movement of shorelines using observations from a camera system in New Zealand. The DL models here implemented succeeded in capturing the variability and distribution of the observed shoreline data. Overall, these findings indicate that DL has the potential to enhance the accuracy of current shoreline change predictions.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John Robert Gardner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2271, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2271, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates Amazon deforestation's profound impact on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand human activities' consequences for our planet's future.
Christoph Rettinger, Mina Tabesh, Ulrich Rüde, Stefan Vollmer, and Roy M. Frings
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1097–1115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Packing models promise efficient and accurate porosity predictions of fluvial sediment deposits. In this study, three packing models were reviewed, calibrated, and validated. Only two of the models were able to handle the continuous and large grain size distributions typically encountered in rivers. We showed that an extension by a cohesion model is necessary and developed guidelines for successful predictions in different rivers.
Alexander A. Ermilov, Gergely Benkő, and Sándor Baranya
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1061–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel, artificial-intelligence-based riverbed sediment analysis methodology is introduced that uses underwater images to identify the characteristic sediment classes. The main novelties of the procedure are as follows: underwater images are used, the method enables continuous mapping of the riverbed along the measurement vessel’s route contrary to conventional techniques, the method is cost-efficient, and the method works without scaling.
Kelly M. Sanks, John B. Shaw, Samuel M. Zapp, José Silvestre, Ripul Dutt, and Kyle M. Straub
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1035–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
River deltas encompass many depositional environments (like channels and wetlands) that interact to produce coastal environments that change through time. The processes leading to sedimentation in wetlands are often neglected from physical delta models. We show that wetland sedimentation constrains flow to the channels, changes sedimentation rates, and produces channels more akin to field-scale deltas. These results have implications for the management of these vulnerable coastal landscapes.
Katharina Wetterauer and Dirk Scherler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1013–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In glacial landscapes, debris supply rates vary spatially and temporally. Rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in medial moraine debris at five Swiss glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla indicate an increase in erosion from the end of the Little Ice Age towards deglaciation but temporally more stable rates over the last ∼100 years. Rockwall erosion rates are higher where rockwalls are steep and north-facing, suggesting a potential slope and temperature control.
Sam Anderson, Nicole Gasparini, and Joel Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured rock strength and amount of fracturing in the two different rock types, sandstones and carbonates, in Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA. Where there is more carbonate bedrock, hills and channels steepen in Last Chance Canyon. This is because the carbonate-type bedrock tends to be more thickly bedded, is less fractured, and is stronger. The carbonate bedrock produces larger boulders than the sandstone bedrock, which can protect the more fractured sandstone bedrock from erosion.
Jens M. Turowski, Gunnar Pruß, Anne Voigtländer, Andreas Ludwig, Angela Landgraf, Florian Kober, and Audrey Bonnelye
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 979–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers can cut into rocks, and their strength modulates the river's erosion rates. Yet, which properties of the rock control its response to erosive action is poorly understood. Here, we describe parallel experiments to measure rock erosion rates under fluvial impact erosion and the rock's geotechnical properties such as fracture strength, elasticity, and density. Erosion rates vary over a factor of a million between different rock types. We use the data to improve current theory.
Koji Ohata, Hajime Naruse, and Norihiro Izumi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 961–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the influence of sediment transport modes on the formation of bedforms using theoretical analysis. The results of the theoretical analysis were verified with published data of plane beds obtained by fieldwork and laboratory experiments. We found that suspended sand particles can promote the formation of plane beds on a fine-grained bed, which suggests that the presence of suspended particles suppresses the development of dunes under submarine sediment-laden gravity currents.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1913, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1913, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 31.4 % of streams are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Matan Ben-Asher, Florence Magnin, Sebastian Westermann, Josué Bock, Emmanuel Malet, Johan Berthet, Ludovic Ravanel, and Philip Deline
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 899–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative knowledge of water availability on high mountain rock slopes is very limited. We use a numerical model and field measurements to estimate the water balance at a steep rock wall site. We show that snowmelt is the main source of water at elevations >3600 m and that snowpack hydrology and sublimation are key factors. The new information presented here can be used to improve the understanding of thermal, hydrogeological, and mechanical processes on steep mountain rock slopes.
Jessica Droujko, Srividya Hariharan Sudha, Gabriel Singer, and Peter Molnar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 881–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined data from satellite images with data measured from a kayak in order to understand the propagation of fine sediment in the Vjosa River. We were able to find some storm-activated and some permanent sources of sediment. We also estimated how much fine sediment is carried into the Adriatic Sea by the Vjosa River: approximately 2.5 Mt per year, which matches previous findings. With our work, we hope to show the potential of open-access satellite images.
Kate C. P. Leary, Leah Tevis, and Mark Schmeeckle
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 835–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the importance of bedforms (e.g., ripples, dunes) to sediment transport, the details of sediment transport on a sub-bedform scale are poorly understood. This paper investigates sediment transport in the downstream and cross-stream directions over bedforms with straight crests. We find that the patterns of bedload transport are highly variable on the sub-bedform scale, which is important for our understanding of the evolution of bedforms with complex crest geometries.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1921, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1921, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains an unexplored aspect of landscape evolution. Using Digital Evolution Models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age, and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for volcano basin develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Paul A. Carling, John D. Jansen, Teng Su, Jane Lund Andersen, and Mads Faurschou Knudsen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 817–833, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many steep glaciated rock walls collapsed when the Ice Age ended. How ice supports a steep rock wall until the ice decays is poorly understood. A collapsed rock wall was surveyed in the field and numerically modelled. Cosmogenic exposure dates show it collapsed and became ice-free ca. 18 ka ago. The model showed that the rock wall failed very slowly because ice was buttressing the slope. Dating other collapsed rock walls can improve understanding of how and when the last Ice Age ended.
Paul A. Jarvis, Clement Narteau, Olivier Rozier, and Nathalie M. Vriend
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 803–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sand dune migration velocity is inversely proportional to dune size. Consequently, smaller, faster dunes can collide with larger, slower downstream dunes. Such collisions can result in either coalescence or ejection, whereby the dunes exchange mass but remain separate. Our numerical simulations show that the outcome depends probabilistically on the dune size ratio, which we describe through an empirical function. Our numerical predictions compare favourably against experimental observations.
Adrian Ringenbach, Peter Bebi, Perry Bartelt, Andreas Rigling, Marc Christen, Yves Bühler, Andreas Stoffel, and Andrin Caviezel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 779–801, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Swiss researchers carried out repeated rockfall experiments with rocks up to human sizes in a steep mountain forest. This study focuses mainly on the effects of the rock shape and lying deadwood. In forested areas, cubic-shaped rocks showed a longer mean runout distance than platy-shaped rocks. Deadwood especially reduced the runouts of these cubic rocks. The findings enrich standard practices in modern rockfall hazard zoning assessments and strongly urge the incorporation of rock shape effects.
Colin K. Bloom, Corinne Singeisen, Timothy Stahl, Andrew Howell, and Chris Massey
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 757–778, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes can cause damaging coastal cliff retreat, but we have a limited understanding of how these infrequent events influence multidecadal retreat. This makes hazard planning a challenge. In this study, we use historic aerial images to measure coastal cliff-top retreat at a site in New Zealand. We find that earthquakes account for close to half of multidecadal retreat at this site, and our results have helped us to develop tools for estimating the influence of earthquakes at other sites.
Rishitosh K. Sinha, Dwijesh Ray, Tjalling De Haas, Susan J. Conway, and Axel Noblet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 713–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our detailed investigation of Martian gullies formed in different substrates in 29 craters distributed between 30°–75° S latitude suggests that they can be differentiated from one another in terms of (1) morphology and length of alcoves and (2) mean gradient of the gully fans. The comparison between the Melton ratio, alcove length, and fan gradient of Martian and terrestrial gullies suggests that Martian gullies were likely formed by terrestrial debris-flow-like processes in the past.
Christopher J. Skinner and Thomas J. Coulthard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models allow us to simulate the way the Earth's surface is shaped and help us to understand relevant processes, in turn helping us to manage landscapes better. The models typically represent the land surface using a grid of square cells of equal size, averaging heights in those squares. This study shows that the size chosen by the modeller for these grid cells is important, with larger sizes making sediment output events larger but less frequent.
Hossein Hosseiny, Claire C. Masteller, Jedidiah E. Dale, and Colin B. Phillips
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 681–693, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-681-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-681-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is of great importance to engineers and geomorphologists to predict the rate of bed load in rivers. In this contribution, we used a large dataset of measured data and developed an artificial neural network (ANN), a machine learning algorithm, for bed load prediction. The ANN model predicted the bed load flux close to measured values and better than the ones obtained from four standard bed load models with varying degrees of complexity.
Ian Delaney, Leif Anderson, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 663–680, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a two-dimensional subglacial sediment transport model that evolves a sediment layer in response to subglacial sediment transport conditions. The model captures sediment transport in supply- and transport-limited regimes across a glacier's bed and considers both the creation and transport of sediment. Model outputs show how the spatial distribution of sediment and water below a glacier can impact the glacier's discharge of sediment and erosion of bedrock.
Sam Y. J. Huang, Steven Y. J. Lai, Ajay B. Limaye, Brady Z. Foreman, and Chris Paola
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 615–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-615-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-615-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use experiments and a model to study the effects of confinement width and the inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio on the evolution of submarine braided channels. We find that confinement width controls most of the morphological changes. These trends are consistent for submarine braided channels both with and without confinement width effects and similar to fluvial braided rivers. Furthermore, we built a model that can simulate the flow bifurcation and confluence of submarine braided channels.
Gregory Ruetenik, Ken Ferrier, and Odin Marc
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Alice Lefebvre and Julia Cisneros
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 575–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-575-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-575-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Underwater dunes are found in various environments with strong hydrodynamics and sandy sediment. Using a numerical model, we investigated how the dune shape influences flow velocity and turbulence. We propose a classification with three types of dunes, depending on their mean lee side angles (low-angle dunes, intermediate-angle dunes and high-angle dunes). We discuss the implications of this classification on the interaction between dune morphology, flow and sediment transport.
Cited articles
Adam, J., Urai, J. L., Wieneke, B., Oncken, O., Pfeiffer, K., Kukowski, N., Lohrmann, J., Hoth, S., van der Zee, W., and Schmatz, J.: Shear localisation and strain distribution during tectonic faulting – new insights from granular-flow experiments and high-resolution optical image correlation techniques, J. Struct. Geol., 27, 283–301, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2004.08.008, 2005.
Adams, J.: Postglacial faulting in eastern Canada: nature, origin and seismic hazard implications, Tectonophysics, 163, 323–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(89)90267-9, 1989.
Amberg, S., Sachse, V., Littke, R., and Back, S.: Influence of Quaternary glaciations on subsurface temperatures, pore pressures, rock properties and petroleum systems in the onshore northeastern Netherlands, Neth. J. Geosci., 101, e10, https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2022.6, 2022.
BGE: Summary: Sub-areas Interim Report according to Section 13 StandAG; As per 28/09/2020; Ref.: SG01101/16-1/2-2020#30 – Object ID: 830270 – Revision: 000, Bundesgesellschaft für Endlagerung (federal company for radioactive waste disposal) Peine, https://www.bge.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Standortsuche/Wesentliche_Unterlagen/Zwischenbericht_Teilgebiete/Zwischenbericht_Teilgebiete_-_Englische_Fassung_barrierefrei.pdf (last access: 25 April 2024), 2020.
Böse, M.: Methodisch-stratigraphische Studien und paläomorphologische Untersuchungen zum Pleistozän südlich der Ostsee, Zugl. Berlin, Freie Univ., Habil.-Schr., 1989, Ill. graph. Darst., Kt., Selbstverl. des Inst. für Phys. Geographie der Freien Univ. Berlin, Berlin, 114 pp., https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-3198, 1989.
Brandes, C., Steffen, H., Steffen, R., and Wu, P.: Intraplate seismicity in northern Central Europe is induced by the last glaciation, Geology, 43, 611–614, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36710.1, 2015.
Brandes, C., Steffen, H., Sandersen, P. B. E., Wu, P., and Winsemann, J.: Glacially induced faulting along the NW segment of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, northern Denmark: Implications for neotectonics and Lateglacial fault-bound basin formation, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 189, 149–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.036, 2018.
Brooks, G. R. and Adams, J.: A review of evidence of glacially-induced faulting and seismic shaking in eastern Canada, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 228, 106070, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106070, 2020.
Bungum, H. and Eldholm, O.: The conundrums of the postglacial tectonic response of the Fennoscandian and Canadian Shields, Earth-Sci. Rev., 232, 104146, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104146, 2022.
Daniilidis, A. and Herber, R.: Salt intrusions providing a new geothermal exploration target for higher energy recovery at shallower depths, Energy, 118, 658–670, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.10.094, 2017.
Dooley, T. P. and Schreurs, G.: Analogue modelling of intraplate strike-slip tectonics: A review and new experimental results, Tectonophysics, 574–575, 1–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.05.030, 2012.
Dooley, T. P., Jackson, M. P. A., and Hudec, M. R.: Initiation and growth of salt-based thrust belts on passive margins: results from physical models, Basin Res., 19, 165–177, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00317.x, 2007.
Dooley, T. P., Jackson, M. P. A., and Hudec, M. R.: Inflation and deflation of deeply buried salt stocks during lateral shortening, J. Struct. Geol., 31, 582–600, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2009.03.013, 2009.
Dooley, T. P., Jackson, M. P. A., and Hudec, M. R.: Breakout of squeezed stocks: dispersal of roof fragments, source of extrusive salt and interaction with regional thrust faults, Basin Res., 27, 3–25, https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12056, 2015.
Duffy, O., Hudec, M., Peel, F., Apps, G., Bump, A., Moscardelli, L., Dooley, T., Fernandez, N., Bhattacharya, S., Wisian, K., and Shuster, M.: The Role of Salt Tectonics in the Energy Transition: An Overview and Future Challenges, Tektonika, 1, 18–48, https://doi.org/10.55575/tektonika2023.1.1.11, 2023.
Duffy, O. B., Dooley, T. P., Hudec, M. R., Jackson, M. P. A., Fernandez, N., Jackson, C. A. L., and Soto, J. I.: Structural evolution of salt-influenced fold-and-thrust belts: A synthesis and new insights from basins containing isolated salt diapirs, J. Struct. Geol., 114, 206–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.06.024, 2018.
Fischer, U. H., Bebiolka, A., Brandefelt, J., Follin, S., Hirschorn, S., Jensen, M., Keller, S., Kennell, L., Näslund, J.-O., Normani, S., Selroos, J.-O., and Vidstrand, P.: Chapter 11 - Radioactive Waste Under Conditions of Future Ice Ages, in: Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, edited by: Shroder, J. F., Haeberli, W., and Whiteman, C., Academic Press, Boston, 345–393, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394849-6.00011-1, 2015.
Frick, M., Cacace, M., Klemann, V., Tarasov, L., and Scheck-Wenderoth, M.: Hydrogeologic and Thermal Effects of Glaciations on the Intracontinental Basins in Central and Northern Europe, Front. Water, 4, 818469, https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.818469, 2022.
GeoBasis-DE/LGB: Digital Terrain Model 1 of Brandenburg, dl-de/by-2-0, https://data.geobasis-bb.de/geobasis/daten/dgm/ (last access: 25 April 2024), 2020.
Gripp, K.: Inlandeis und Salzaufstieg, Geol. Rundschau, 40, 74–81, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01803212, 1952.
Hardt, J. and Böse, M.: The timing of the Weichselian Pomeranian ice marginal position south of the Baltic Sea: A critical review of morphological and geochronological results, Quatern. Int., 478, 51–58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.07.044, 2016.
Hardt, J., Lüthgens, C., Hebenstreit, R., and Böse, M.: Geochronological (OSL) and geomorphological investigations at the presumed Frankfurt ice marginal position in northeast Germany, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 154, 85–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.10.015, 2016.
Hardt, J., Norden, B., Bauer, K., Toelle, O., and Krambach, J.: Surface cracks – geomorphological indicators for late Quaternary halotectonic movements in Northern Germany, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 46, 2963–2983, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.5226, 2021.
Hardt, J., Dooley, T. P., and Hudec, M. R.: Supplemental videos of the paper “Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany”, TIB-AV PORTAL [video supplement], https://doi.org/10.5446/63073, 2023.
Hudec, M. R. and Jackson, M. P. A.: Terra infirma: Understanding salt tectonics, Earth-Sci. Rev., 82, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.01.001, 2007.
Hughes, A. L. C., Gyllencreutz, R., Lohne, Ø. S., Mangerud, J., and Svendsen, J. I.: The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time-slice reconstruction, DATED-1, Boreas, 45, 1–45, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12142, 2016.
InSpEE: Salt structures in Northern Germany, https://services.bgr.de/geologie/inspee_salzstrukturen (last access: 25 April 2024), 2015.
Jackson, M. P. A. and Hudec, M. R. (Eds.): Evaporite Deposition and Flow, in: Salt Tectonics: Principles and Practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1–60, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139003988.002, 2017a.
Jackson, M. P. A. and Hudec, M. R. (Eds.): Salt Stocks and Salt Walls, in: Salt Tectonics: Principles and Practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 76–118, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139003988.008, 2017b.
Jarvis, A., Reuter, H. I., Nelson, A., and Guevara, E.: Hole-filled seamless SRTM data V4, CIAT – International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org (last access: 25 April 2024), 2008.
Künze, N., Koroleva, M., and Reuther, C. D.: Soil gas 222Rn concentration in northern Germany and its relationship with geological subsurface structures, J. Environ. Radioactiv., 115, 83–96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.07.009, 2013.
Lambeck, K., Rouby, H., Purcell, A., Sun, Y., and Sambridge, M.: Sea level and global ice volumes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene, P. Natla. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 15296–15303, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411762111, 2014.
Lang, J. and Hampel, A.: Deformation of salt structures by ice-sheet loading: insights into the controlling parameters from numerical modelling, Int. J. Earth Sci., 112, 1133–1155, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02295-5, 2023.
Lang, J., Hampel, A., Brandes, C., and Winsemann, J.: Response of salt structures to ice-sheet loading: implications for ice-marginal and subglacial processes, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 101, 217–233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.07.022, 2014.
Lankof, L., Urbańczyk, K., and Tarkowski, R.: Assessment of the potential for underground hydrogen storage in salt domes, Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev., 160, 112309, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112309, 2022.
Liedtke, H.: Die nordischen Vereisungen in Mitteleuropa, Forschungen z. dt. Landeskunde 204, Trier, ISBN 3881430202, 1981.
Liszkowski, J.: The effects of Pleistocene ice-sheet loading-deloading cycles on the bedrock structure of Poland, Folia Quaternaria, 64, 7–23, 1993.
Ludwig, A. O. and Stackebrandt, W.: Neotektonisches Bewegungsverhalten, Atlas zur Geologie von Brandenburg, 68–69, https://lbgr.brandenburg.de/sixcms/media.php/9/4_Geoatlas_1-69.pdf (last access: 25 April 2024), 2010.
Lüthgens, C. and Hardt, J.: Ice dynamics in the SW sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) – a fresh perspective from the classical area of the Weichselian glaciation in northern Brandenburg, DEUQUA Spec. Pub., 4, 29–39, https://doi.org/10.5194/deuquasp-4-29-2022, 2022.
Lüthgens, C., Hardt, J., and Böse, M.: Proposing a new conceptual model for the reconstruction of ice dynamics in the SW sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) based on the reinterpretation of published data and new evidence from optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 69, 201–223, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-201-2020, 2020.
Moeck, I. S.: Catalog of geothermal play types based on geologic controls, Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev., 37, 867–882, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.05.032, 2014.
Müller, K., Winsemann, J., Tanner, D. C., Lege, T., Spies, T., and Brandes, C.: Glacially Induced Faults in Germany, in: Glacially-Triggered Faulting, edited by: Steffen, H., Olesen, O., and Sutinen, R., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 283–303, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108779906.021, 2021.
Reber, J. E., Cooke, M. L., and Dooley, T. P.: What model material to use? A Review on rock analogs for structural geology and tectonics, Earth-Sci. Rev., 202, 103107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103107, 2020.
Reicherter, K., Kaiser, A., and Stackebrandt, W.: The post-glacial landscape evolution of the North German Basin: morphology, neotectonics and crustal deformation, Int. J. Earth Sci., 94, 1083–1093, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0007-0, 2005.
Sandersen, P. B. E. and Jørgensen, F.: Tectonic impact on Pleistocene and Holocene erosional patterns in a formerly glaciated intra-plate area, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 293, 107681, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107681, 2022.
Scheck, M., Bayer, U., and Lewerenz, B.: Salt movements in the Northeast German Basin and its relation to major post-Permian tectonic phases – results from 3D structural modelling, backstripping and reflection seismic data, Tectonophysics, 361, 277–299, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00650-9, 2003.
Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Maystrenko, Y., Hübscher, C., Hansen, M., and Mazur, S.: Dynamics of salt basins, in: Dynamics of complex intracontinental basins: The Central European Basin System, edited by: Littke, R., Bayer, U., Gajewski, D., and Nelskamp, S., Springer, 307–322, ISBN 978-3-540-85085-4, 2008.
Schirrmeister, L.: Die Positionen weichselzeitlicher Eisrandlagen in Norddeutschland und ihr Bezug zu unterlagernden Salzstrukturen, Z. Geol. Wissensch., 27, 111–120, 1998.
Sirocko, F., Szeder, T., Seelos, C., Lehne, R., Rein, B., Schneider, W. M., and Dimke, M.: Young tectonic and halokinetic movements in the North-German-Basin: its effect on formation of modern rivers and surface morphology, Neth. J. Geosci. – Geologie en Mijnbouw, 81, 431–441, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016774600022708, 2002.
Sirocko, F., Reicherter, K., Lehné, R., Huebscher, C., Winsemann, J., and Stackebrandt, W.: Glaciation, salt and the present landscape, in: Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins, edited by: Littke, R., Bayer, U., Gajewski, D., and Nelskamp, S., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 233–246, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85085-4_4, 2008.
Spada, G.: Glacial Isostatic Adjustment and Contemporary Sea Level Rise: An Overview, Surv. Geophys., 38, 153–185, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9379-x, 2017.
Stackebrandt, W.: Neotektonische Aktivitätsgebiete in Brandenburg (Norddeutschland), Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 1–2, 165–172, 2005.
Stackebrandt, W. and Beer, H.: Salztektonik Halokinese, in: Geologie von Brandenburg, edited by: Stackebrandt, W. and Franke, D., E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 472–479, ISBN 978-3-510-65295-2, 2015.
Steffen, H., Olesen, O., and Sutinen, R.: Introduction, in: Glacially-Triggered Faulting, edited by: Steffen, H., Olesen, O., and Sutinen, R., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1–40, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108779906.002, 2021.
Steffen, R., Wu, P., Steffen, H., and Eaton, D. W.: The effect of earth rheology and ice-sheet size on fault slip and magnitude of postglacial earthquakes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 388, 71–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.058, 2014.
Štěpančíková, P., Rockwell, T. K., Stemberk, J., Rhodes, E. J., Hartvich, F., Luttrell, K., Myers, M., Tábořík, P., Rood, D. H., Wechsler, N., Nývlt, D., Ortuño, M., and Hók, J.: Acceleration of Late Pleistocene activity of a Central European fault driven by ice loading, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 591, 117596, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117596, 2022.
Stewart, I. S., Sauber, J., and Rose, J.: Glacio-seismotectonics: ice sheets, crustal deformation and seismicity, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 1367–1389, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00094-9, 2000.
Strozyk, F., Reuning, L., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., and Tanner, D. C.: Chapter 10 – The Tectonic History of the Zechstein Basin in the Netherlands and Germany, in: Permo-Triassic Salt Provinces of Europe, North Africa and the Atlantic Margins, edited by: Soto, J. I., Flinch, J. F., and Tari, G., Elsevier, 221–241, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809417-4.00011-2, 2017.
Wagner, B. H. and Jackson, M. P. A.: Viscous flow during salt welding, Tectonophysics, 510, 309–326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.07.012, 2011.
Warren, J. K.: Flowing Salt: Halokinesis, in: Evaporites: A Geological Compendium, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 491–612, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13512-0_6, 2016.
Warren, J. K., Urai, J. L., Schléder, Z., Spiers, C. J., Kukla, P. A., Mohr, M., Scheck-Wenderoth, M., Maystrenko, Y., Hübscher, C., Hansen, M., Mazur, S., Magri, F., Littke, R., Rodon, S., and Bayer, U.: Salt Dynamics, in: Dynamics of Complex Intracontinental Basins: The Central European Basin System, edited by: Littke, R., Bayer, U., Gajewski, D., and Nelskamp, S., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 248–344, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85085-4_5, 2008.
Warsitzka, M., Jähne-Klingberg, F., Kley, J., and Kukowski, N.: The timing of salt structure growth in the Southern Permian Basin (Central Europe) and implications for basin dynamics, Basin Res., 31, 337–360, https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12323, 2019.
White, W. A.: Displacement of salt by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Quatern. Res., 38, 305–315, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(92)90040-P, 1992.
Zhang, Q., Alves, T. M., and Martins-Ferreira, M. A. C.: Fault analysis of a salt minibasin offshore Espírito Santo, SE Brazil: Implications for fluid flow, carbon and energy storage in regions dominated by salt tectonics, Mar. Petrol. Geol., 143, 105805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2022.105805, 2022.
Zhang, X., Liu, W., Chen, J., Jiang, D., Fan, J., Daemen, J. J. K., and Qiao, W.: Large-scale CO2 disposal/storage in bedded rock salt caverns of China: An evaluation of safety and suitability, Energy, 249, 123727, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123727, 2022.
Short summary
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load. Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability.
We investigate the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used a series of...