Articles | Volume 6, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-903-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-903-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Oct 2018
Research article |
| 10 Oct 2018
| 10 Oct 2018
Initial insights from a global database of rainfall-induced landslide inventories: the weak influence of slope and strong influence of total storm rainfall
École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre,
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique UMR 7516, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
André Stumpf
École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre,
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique UMR 7516, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
Jean-Philippe Malet
École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre,
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique UMR 7516, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
Marielle Gosset
Géoscience Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Taro Uchida
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Research Center for Disaster Risk Management, Tsukuba, Japan
Shou-Hao Chiang
Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
Related authors
Luke A. McGuire, Scott W. McCoy, Odin Marc, William Struble, and Katherine R. Barnhart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1117–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are mixtures of mud and rocks that can travel at high speeds across steep landscapes. Here, we propose a new model to describe how landscapes are shaped by debris flow erosion over long timescales. Model results demonstrate that the shapes of channel profiles are sensitive to uplift rate, meaning that it may be possible to use topographic data from steep channel networks to infer how erosion rates vary across a landscape.
Gregory Ruetenik, Ken Ferrier, and Odin Marc
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Katy Burrows, Odin Marc, and Dominique Remy
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2637–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The locations of triggered landslides following a rainfall event can be identified in optical satellite images. However cloud cover associated with the rainfall means that these images cannot be used to identify landslide timing. Timings of landslides triggered during long rainfall events are often unknown. Here we present methods of using Sentinel-1 satellite radar data, acquired every 12 d globally in all weather conditions, to better constrain the timings of rainfall-triggered landslides.
Robert Emberson, Dalia B. Kirschbaum, Pukar Amatya, Hakan Tanyas, and Odin Marc
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1129–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding where landslides occur in mountainous areas is critical to support hazard analysis as well as understand landscape evolution. In this study, we present a large compilation of inventories of landslides triggered by rainfall, including several that are described here for the first time. We analyze the topographic characteristics of the landslides, finding consistent relationships for landslide source and deposition areas, despite differences in the inventories' locations.
Odin Marc, Jens M. Turowski, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The size of grains delivered to rivers is an essential parameter for understanding erosion and sediment transport and their related hazards. In mountains, landslides deliver these rock fragments, but few studies have analyzed the landslide properties that control the resulting sizes. We present measurements on 17 landslides from Taiwan and show that their grain sizes depend on rock strength, landslide depth and drop height, thereby validating and updating a previous theory on fragmentation.
Claire Rault, Alexandra Robert, Odin Marc, Niels Hovius, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 829–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Large earthquakes trigger thousands of landslides in the area of their epicentre. For three earthquake cases, we have determined the position of these landslides along hillslopes. These co-seismic landslides tend to cluster at ridge crests and slope toes. We show that crest clustering is specific to seismic triggering. But although co-seismic landslides locate higher in the landscape than rainfall-induced landslides, geological features strongly modulate their position along the hillslopes.
Odin Marc, Robert Behling, Christoff Andermann, Jens M. Turowski, Luc Illien, Sigrid Roessner, and Niels Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 107–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped eight monsoon-related (> 100 m2) and large (> 0.1 km2) landslides in the Nepal Himalayas since 1970. Adding inventories of Holocene landslides, giant landslides (> 1 km3), and landslides from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we constrain the size–frequency distribution of monsoon- and earthquake-induced landslides. Both contribute ~50 % to a long-term (> 10 kyr) total erosion of ~2 mm yr-1, matching the long-term exhumation rate. Large landslides rarer than 10Be sampling time drive erosion.
Odin Marc, Patrick Meunier, and Niels Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1159–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analytical expression for the surface area of the region within which landslides induced by a given earthquake are distributed. The expression is based on seismological scaling laws. Without calibration the model predicts, within a factor of 2, up to 49 out of 83 cases reported in the literature and agrees with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. This model may be used for hazard assessment based on early earthquake detection parameters.
Robert Emberson, Niels Hovius, Albert Galy, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 727–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid dissolution of bedrock and regolith mobilised by landslides can be an important control on rates of overall chemical weathering in mountain ranges. In this study we analysed a number of landslides and rivers in Taiwan to better understand why this occurs. We find that sulfuric acid resulting from rapid oxidation of highly reactive sulfides in landslide deposits drives the intense weathering and can set catchment-scale solute budgets. This could be a CO2 source in fast-eroding mountains.
O. Marc and N. Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 723–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present how amalgamation (i.e. the mapping of several adjacent landslides as a single polygon) can distort results derived from landslide mapping. Errors on the total landslide volume and power-law exponent of the area–frequency distribution, resulting from amalgamation, may be up to 200 and 50%, respectively. We present an algorithm based on image and DEM analysis, for automatic identification of amalgamated polygons, allowing one to check and correct landslide inventories faster.
Luke A. McGuire, Scott W. McCoy, Odin Marc, William Struble, and Katherine R. Barnhart
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1117–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1117-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1117-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are mixtures of mud and rocks that can travel at high speeds across steep landscapes. Here, we propose a new model to describe how landscapes are shaped by debris flow erosion over long timescales. Model results demonstrate that the shapes of channel profiles are sensitive to uplift rate, meaning that it may be possible to use topographic data from steep channel networks to infer how erosion rates vary across a landscape.
Gregory Ruetenik, Ken Ferrier, and Odin Marc
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Floriane Provost, Dimitri Zigone, Emmanuel Le Meur, Jean-Philippe Malet, and Clément Hibert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-736, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-736, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The recent calving of the Astrolabe glacier in November 2021 presents an opportunity to better understand the processes leading to ice fracturing. Optical satellite imagery is used to retrieve the calving cycle of the glacier ice tongue and to measure the ice velocity and strain rates in order to document fracture evolution. We observed that the presence of sea ice for consecutive years has favored the glacier extension but failed to inhibit the growth of fractures that accelerated in June 2021.
Axel A. J. Deijns, Olivier Dewitte, Wim Thiery, Nicolas d'Oreye, Jean-Philippe Malet, and François Kervyn
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3679–3700, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3679-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3679-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides and flash floods are rainfall-induced processes that often co-occur and interact, generally very quickly. In mountainous cloud-covered environments, determining when these processes occur remains challenging. We propose a regional methodology using open-access satellite radar images that allow for the timing of landslide and flash floods events, in the contrasting landscapes of tropical Africa, with an accuracy of up to a few days. The methodology shows potential for transferability.
François Noël, Michel Jaboyedoff, Andrin Caviezel, Clément Hibert, Franck Bourrier, and Jean-Philippe Malet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1141–1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1141-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1141-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rockfall simulations are often performed to make sure infrastructure is safe. For that purpose, rockfall trajectory data are needed to calibrate the simulation models. In this paper, an affordable, flexible, and efficient trajectory reconstruction method is proposed. The method is tested by reconstructing trajectories from a full-scale rockfall experiment involving 2670 kg rocks and a flexible barrier. The results highlight improvements in precision and accuracy of the proposed method.
Katy Burrows, Odin Marc, and Dominique Remy
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2637–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The locations of triggered landslides following a rainfall event can be identified in optical satellite images. However cloud cover associated with the rainfall means that these images cannot be used to identify landslide timing. Timings of landslides triggered during long rainfall events are often unknown. Here we present methods of using Sentinel-1 satellite radar data, acquired every 12 d globally in all weather conditions, to better constrain the timings of rainfall-triggered landslides.
Clément Hibert, François Noël, David Toe, Miloud Talib, Mathilde Desrues, Emmanuel Wyser, Ombeline Brenguier, Franck Bourrier, Renaud Toussaint, Jean-Philippe Malet, and Michel Jaboyedoff
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-522, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-522, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Natural disasters such as landslides and rock falls are mostly difficult to study because of the impossibility of making in situ measurements due to their destructive nature and spontaneous occurrence. Seismology is able to record the occurrence of such events from a distance and in real time. In this study, we show that using a machine learning approach, the mass and velocity of rockfalls can be estimated from the seismic signal they generate.
Robert Emberson, Dalia B. Kirschbaum, Pukar Amatya, Hakan Tanyas, and Odin Marc
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1129–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding where landslides occur in mountainous areas is critical to support hazard analysis as well as understand landscape evolution. In this study, we present a large compilation of inventories of landslides triggered by rainfall, including several that are described here for the first time. We analyze the topographic characteristics of the landslides, finding consistent relationships for landslide source and deposition areas, despite differences in the inventories' locations.
Odin Marc, Jens M. Turowski, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The size of grains delivered to rivers is an essential parameter for understanding erosion and sediment transport and their related hazards. In mountains, landslides deliver these rock fragments, but few studies have analyzed the landslide properties that control the resulting sizes. We present measurements on 17 landslides from Taiwan and show that their grain sizes depend on rock strength, landslide depth and drop height, thereby validating and updating a previous theory on fragmentation.
Maxime Turko, Marielle Gosset, Christophe Bouvier, Nanee Chahinian, Matias Alcoba, Modeste Kacou, and Apoline Yappi
Proc. IAHS, 383, 237–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-237-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Urban floods due to intense precipitation is a major problem in many developing countries, especially in Africa. Rainfall measurement using cellular communication networks is a cost effective method to monitor the heavy rainfall that cause these floods. The method is based on analyzing signal fluctuations due to rain between telecommunication antennas. Here we present simulation studies to test how rainfall measured by this method can help predicting floods in urban areas.
A. Déprez, A. Puissant, J.-P. Malet, and D. Michéa
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2020, 677–683, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-677-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-677-2020, 2020
Claire Rault, Alexandra Robert, Odin Marc, Niels Hovius, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 829–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Large earthquakes trigger thousands of landslides in the area of their epicentre. For three earthquake cases, we have determined the position of these landslides along hillslopes. These co-seismic landslides tend to cluster at ridge crests and slope toes. We show that crest clustering is specific to seismic triggering. But although co-seismic landslides locate higher in the landscape than rainfall-induced landslides, geological features strongly modulate their position along the hillslopes.
Odin Marc, Robert Behling, Christoff Andermann, Jens M. Turowski, Luc Illien, Sigrid Roessner, and Niels Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 107–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped eight monsoon-related (> 100 m2) and large (> 0.1 km2) landslides in the Nepal Himalayas since 1970. Adding inventories of Holocene landslides, giant landslides (> 1 km3), and landslides from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we constrain the size–frequency distribution of monsoon- and earthquake-induced landslides. Both contribute ~50 % to a long-term (> 10 kyr) total erosion of ~2 mm yr-1, matching the long-term exhumation rate. Large landslides rarer than 10Be sampling time drive erosion.
Floriane Provost, Jean-Philippe Malet, Clément Hibert, Agnès Helmstetter, Mathilde Radiguet, David Amitrano, Nadège Langet, Eric Larose, Clàudia Abancó, Marcel Hürlimann, Thomas Lebourg, Clara Levy, Gaëlle Le Roy, Patrice Ulrich, Maurin Vidal, and Benjamin Vial
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 1059–1088, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1059-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1059-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic sources generated by the deformation of unstable slopes are diverse in terms of signal properties and mechanisms. Standardized catalogues of landslide endogenous seismicity can help understanding the physical processes controlling slope dynamics. We propose a generic typology of seismic sources based on the analysis of signals recorded at various instrumented slopes. We demonstrate that the seismic signals present similar features at different sites and discuss their mechanical sources.
Odin Marc, Patrick Meunier, and Niels Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1159–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analytical expression for the surface area of the region within which landslides induced by a given earthquake are distributed. The expression is based on seismological scaling laws. Without calibration the model predicts, within a factor of 2, up to 49 out of 83 cases reported in the literature and agrees with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. This model may be used for hazard assessment based on early earthquake detection parameters.
Clément Hibert, Jean-Philippe Malet, Franck Bourrier, Floriane Provost, Frédéric Berger, Pierrick Bornemann, Pascal Tardif, and Eric Mermin
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 283–292, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-283-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-283-2017, 2017
Robert Emberson, Niels Hovius, Albert Galy, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 727–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid dissolution of bedrock and regolith mobilised by landslides can be an important control on rates of overall chemical weathering in mountain ranges. In this study we analysed a number of landslides and rivers in Taiwan to better understand why this occurs. We find that sulfuric acid resulting from rapid oxidation of highly reactive sulfides in landslide deposits drives the intense weathering and can set catchment-scale solute budgets. This could be a CO2 source in fast-eroding mountains.
Claire Casse, Marielle Gosset, Théo Vischel, Guillaume Quantin, and Bachir Alkali Tanimoun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2841–2859, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2841-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2841-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Since 1950, the Niger River basin has overcome drastic changes. In Niamey city, the highest river levels and the longest flooded period ever recorded occurred in 2003, 2010, 2012 and 2013, with heavy casualties and property damage. The reasons for these changes, and the relative role of climate versus Land Use Land Cover changes are still debated and are investigated in this paper using observations and modelling. We conclude on the successive role of cover and then rainfall variability.
N. T. Son, C. F. Chen, C. R. Chen, L. Y. Chang, and S. H. Chiang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 993–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-993-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-993-2016, 2016
Shou Hao Chiang, Miguel Valdez, and Chi-Farn Chen
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 593–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-593-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-593-2016, 2016
J.-S. Lai, F. Tsai, and S.-H. Chiang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 89–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-89-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-89-2016, 2016
R. Schlögel, J.-P. Malet, P. Reichenbach, A. Remaître, and C. Doubre
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2369–2389, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2369-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2369-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper proposes an approach to prepare a multi-date landslide inventory for the Ubaye valley (French Alps), a complex mountainous area affected by several landslide types with different degrees of activity. The inventory covering the period 1956-2010 have been analysed in order to quantify the uncertainties associated to the mapping, to measure the evolution of morphological indicators and to estimate temporal occurrence. Evolution of landslide activity is compared to other inventory sources.
C. Lissak, O. Maquaire, J.-P. Malet, F. Lavigne, C. Virmoux, C. Gomez, and R. Davidson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1399–1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1399-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1399-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for monitoring the displacement of permanent slow-moving landslides affected by seasonal kinematic pattern and acceleration events. GPR data are used here to estimate the vertical movement of two rotational slides, since 1982, in combination with other surveying techniques.
C. Casse and M. Gosset
Proc. IAHS, 370, 117–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-117-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-117-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A dramatic increase in the frequency and intensity of floods due to the Niger River has been observed in the last decade in Niamey. This paper analyses how changes in rainfall may explain this flood intensification, based on a 30 year long series of satellite rainfall and a hydrological model. We show that the salient changes in the mean decadal hydrograph between 1983 and 2013 are well mimicked by the simulations. This implyes that rainfall is the first driver to the observed changes.
O. Marc and N. Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 723–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present how amalgamation (i.e. the mapping of several adjacent landslides as a single polygon) can distort results derived from landslide mapping. Errors on the total landslide volume and power-law exponent of the area–frequency distribution, resulting from amalgamation, may be up to 200 and 50%, respectively. We present an algorithm based on image and DEM analysis, for automatic identification of amalgamated polygons, allowing one to check and correct landslide inventories faster.
D. M. Krzeminska, T. A. Bogaard, T.-H. Debieche, F. Cervi, V. Marc, and J.-P. Malet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 181–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-181-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-181-2014, 2014
D. M. Krzeminska, T. A. Bogaard, J.-P. Malet, and L. P. H. van Beek
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 947–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-947-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-947-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Downstream rounding rate of pebbles in the Himalaya
A physics-based model for fluvial valley width
Implications for the resilience of modern coastal systems derived from mesoscale barrier dynamics at Fire Island, New York
Quantifying the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data
Long-term monitoring (1953–2019) of geomorphologically active sections of Little Ice Age lateral moraines in the context of changing meteorological conditions
Coevolving edge rounding and shape of glacial erratics: the case of Shap granite, UK
Dimensionless argument: a narrow grain size range near 2 mm plays a special role in river sediment transport and morphodynamics
Path length and sediment transport estimation from DEMs of difference: a signal processing approach
Influence of cohesive clay on wave–current ripple dynamics captured in a 3D phase diagram
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 1: Erosion dynamics
Statistical characterization of erosion and sediment transport mechanics in shallow tidal environments – Part 2: Suspended sediment dynamics
Geomorphological and hydrological controls on sediment export in earthquake-affected catchments in the Nepal Himalaya
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 2: Probabilistic analysis
Field monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows at Ohya landslide scar, Japan
Analysis of autogenic bifurcation processes resulting in river avulsion
Bedload transport fluctuations, flow conditions, and disequilibrium ratio at the Swiss Erlenbach stream: results from 27 years of high-resolution temporal measurements
Stochastic properties of coastal flooding events – Part 1: convolutional-neural-network-based semantic segmentation for water detection
Coexistence of two dune scales in a lowland river
Geomorphic risk maps for river migration using probabilistic modeling – a framework
Alpine hillslope failure in the western US: insights from the Chaos Canyon landslide, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Using repeat UAV-based laser scanning and multispectral imagery to explore eco-geomorphic feedbacks along a river corridor
Numerical modelling of the evolution of a river reach with a complex morphology to help define future sustainable restoration decisions
Method to evaluate large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation associated with sediment erosion and deposition
Effects of seasonal variations in vegetation and precipitation on catchment erosion rates along a climate and ecological gradient: insights from numerical modeling
On the use of convolutional deep learning to predict shoreline change
Riverine Sediment Response to Deforestation in the Amazon Basin
On the use of packing models for the prediction of fluvial sediment porosity
Automated riverbed composition analysis using deep learning on underwater images
Marsh-induced backwater: the influence of non-fluvial sedimentation on a delta's channel morphology and kinematics
Spatial and temporal variations in rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be in medial moraines at five valley glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla, Switzerland
Physical modeling of ice-sheet-induced salt movements using the example of northern Germany
Building a bimodal landscape: bedrock lithology and bed thickness controls on the morphology of Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA
Geotechnical controls on erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
Linear-stability analysis of plane beds under flows with suspended loads
Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff generation, evolution, and survival on debris-covered glaciers
Estimating surface water availability in high mountain rock slopes using a numerical energy balance model
Sediment source and sink identification using Sentinel-2 and a small network of turbidimeters on the Vjosa River
Spatiotemporal bedload transport patterns over two-dimensional bedforms
Time-varying drainage basin development and erosion on volcanic edifices
Ice-buttressing-controlled rock slope failure on a cirque headwall, Lake District, UK
The probabilistic nature of dune collisions in 2D
Shape still matters: rockfall interactions with trees and deadwood in a mountain forest uncover a new facet of rock shape dependency
Earthquake contributions to coastal cliff retreat
Morphologic and morphometric differences between gullies formed in different substrates on Mars: new insights into the gully formation processes
Testing the sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood landscape evolution model to grid cell size
Development of a machine learning model for river bed load
Modeling the spatially distributed nature of subglacial sediment transport and erosion
Confinement width and inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio control the morphology and braiding intensity of submarine channels: insights from physical experiments and reduced-complexity models
Decadal-scale decay of landslide-derived fluvial suspended sediment after Typhoon Morakot
Prakash Pokhrel, Mikael Attal, Hugh D. Sinclair, Simon M. Mudd, and Mark Naylor
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 515–536, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Pebbles become increasingly rounded during downstream transport in rivers due to abrasion. This study quantifies pebble roundness along the length of two Himalayan rivers. We demonstrate that roundness increases with downstream distance and that the rates are dependent on rock type. We apply this to reconstructing travel distances and hence the size of ancient Himalaya. Results show that the ancient river network was larger than the modern one, indicating that there has been river capture.
Jens Martin Turowski, Aaron Bufe, and Stefanie Tofelde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 493–514, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-493-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial valleys are ubiquitous landforms, and understanding their formation and evolution affects a wide range of disciplines from archaeology and geology to fish biology. Here, we develop a model to predict the width of fluvial valleys for a wide range of geographic conditions. In the model, fluvial valley width is controlled by the two competing factors of lateral channel mobility and uplift. The model complies with available data and yields a broad range of quantitative predictions.
Daniel J. Ciarletta, Jennifer L. Miselis, Julie C. Bernier, and Arnell S. Forde
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 449–475, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the evolution of Fire Island, a barrier island in New York, USA, to identify drivers of landscape change. Results reveal Fire Island was once divided into multiple inlet-separated islands with distinct features. Later, inlets closed, and Fire Island’s landscape became more uniform as human activities intensified. The island is now less mobile and less likely to resist and recover from storm impacts and sea level rise. This vulnerability may exist for other stabilized barriers.
Chao Zhou, Xibin Tan, Yiduo Liu, and Feng Shi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The drainage-divide stability provides new insights into both the river network evolution and the tectonic and/or climatic changes. Several methods have been proposed to determine the direction of drainage-divide migration. However, how to quantify the migration rate of drainage divides remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to calculate the migration rate of drainage divides from high-resolution topographic data.
Moritz Altmann, Madlene Pfeiffer, Florian Haas, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Tobias Heckmann, Livia Piermattei, Michael Wimmer, Lukas Braun, Manuel Stark, Sarah Betz-Nutz, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 399–431, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show a long-term erosion monitoring of several sections on Little Ice Age lateral moraines with derived sediment yield from historical and current digital elevation modelling (DEM)-based differences. The first study period shows a clearly higher range of variability of sediment yield within the sites than the later periods. In most cases, a decreasing trend of geomorphic activity was observed.
Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 381–397, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-381-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Edge rounding in Shap granite glacial erratics is an irregular function of distance from the source outcrop in northern England, UK. Block shape is conservative, evolving according to block fracture mechanics – stochastic and silver ratio models – towards either of two attractor states. Progressive reduction in size occurs for blocks transported at the sole of the ice mass where the blocks are subject to compressive and tensile forces of the ice acting against a bedrock or till surface.
Gary Parker, Chenge An, Michael P. Lamb, Marcelo H. Garcia, Elizabeth H. Dingle, and Jeremy G. Venditti
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 367–380, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-367-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River morphology has traditionally been divided by the size 2 mm. We use dimensionless arguments to show that particles in the 1–5 mm range (i) are the finest range not easily suspended by alluvial flood flows, (ii) are transported preferentially over coarser gravel, and (iii), within limits, are also transported preferentially over sand. We show how fluid viscosity mediates the special status of sediment in this range.
Lindsay Marie Capito, Enrico Pandrin, Walter Bertoldi, Nicola Surian, and Simone Bizzi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 321–345, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose that the pattern of erosion and deposition from repeat topographic surveys can be a proxy for path length in gravel-bed rivers. With laboratory and field data, we applied tools from signal processing to quantify this periodicity and used these path length estimates to calculate sediment transport using the morphological method. Our results highlight the potential to expand the use of the morphological method using only remotely sensed data as well as its limitations.
Xuxu Wu, Jonathan Malarkey, Roberto Fernández, Jaco H. Baas, Ellen Pollard, and Daniel R. Parsons
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 231–247, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-231-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The seabed changes from flat to rippled in response to the frictional influence of waves and currents. This experimental study has shown that the speed of this change, the size of ripples that result and even whether ripples appear also depend on the amount of sticky mud present. This new classification on the basis of initial mud content should lead to improvements in models of seabed change in present environments by engineers and the interpretation of past environments by geologists.
Andrea D'Alpaos, Davide Tognin, Laura Tommasini, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 181–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment erosion induced by wind waves is one of the main drivers of the morphological evolution of shallow tidal environments. However, a reliable description of erosion events for the long-term morphodynamic modelling of tidal systems is still lacking. By statistically characterizing sediment erosion dynamics in the Venice Lagoon over the last 4 centuries, we set up a novel framework for a synthetic, yet reliable, description of erosion events in tidal systems.
Davide Tognin, Andrea D'Alpaos, Luigi D'Alpaos, Andrea Rinaldo, and Luca Carniello
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 201–218, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-201-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable quantification of sediment transport processes is necessary to understand the fate of shallow tidal environments. Here we present a framework for the description of suspended sediment dynamics to quantify deposition in the long-term modelling of shallow tidal systems. This characterization, together with that of erosion events, allows one to set up synthetic, yet reliable, models for the long-term evolution of tidal landscapes.
Emma L. S. Graf, Hugh D. Sinclair, Mikaël Attal, Boris Gailleton, Basanta Raj Adhikari, and Bishnu Raj Baral
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 135–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using satellite images, we show that, unlike other examples of earthquake-affected rivers, the rivers of central Nepal experienced little increase in sedimentation following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Instead, a catastrophic flood occurred in 2021 that buried towns and agricultural land under up to 10 m of sediment. We show that intense storms remobilised glacial sediment from high elevations causing much a greater impact than flushing of earthquake-induced landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 117–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-117-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listening to the acoustic noise generated by particle impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 105–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-105-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a detailed characterization of the frequency, intensity and duration of flooding events at a site along the Texas coast. Our analysis demonstrates the suitability of relatively simple wave run-up models to estimate the frequency and intensity of coastal flooding. Our results validate and expand a probabilistic model of coastal flooding driven by wave run-up that can then be used in coastal risk management in response to sea level rise.
Shunsuke Oya, Fumitoshi Imaizumi, and Shoki Takayama
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 67–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The monitoring of pore water pressure in fully and partly saturated debris flows was performed at Ohya landslide scar, central Japan. The pore water pressure in some partly saturated flows greatly exceeded the hydrostatic pressure. The depth gradient of the pore water pressure in the lower part of the flow was generally higher than the upper part of the flow. We conclude that excess pore water pressure is present in many debris flow surges and is an important mechanism in debris flow behavior.
Gabriele Barile, Marco Redolfi, and Marco Tubino
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 87–103, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-87-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
River bifurcations often show the closure of one branch (avulsion), whose causes are still poorly understood. Our model shows that when one branch stops transporting sediments, the other considerably erodes and captures much more flow, resulting in a self-sustaining process. This phenomenon intensifies when increasing the length of the branches, eventually leading to branch closure. This work may help to understand when avulsions occur and thus to design sustainable river restoration projects.
Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 11–34, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-11-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Field measurements of the bedload flux with a high temporal resolution in a steep mountain stream were used to analyse the transport fluctuations as a function of the flow conditions. The disequilibrium ratio, a proxy for the solid particle concentration in the flow, was found to influence the sediment transport behaviour, and above-average disequilibrium conditions – associated with a larger sediment availability on the streambed – substantially affect subsequent transport conditions.
Byungho Kang, Rusty A. Feagin, Thomas Huff, and Orencio Durán Vinent
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal flooding can cause significant damage to coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and communities and is expected to increase in frequency with the acceleration of sea level rise. In order to respond to it, it is crucial to measure and model their frequency and intensity. Here, we show deep-learning techniques can be successfully used to automatically detect flooding events from complex coastal imagery, opening the way to real-time monitoring and data acquisition for model development.
Judith Y. Zomer, Bart Vermeulen, and Antonius J. F. Hoitink
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1283–1298, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secondary bedforms that are superimposed on large, primary dunes likely play a large role in fluvial systems. This study demonstrates that they can be omnipresent. Especially during peak flows, they grow large and can have steep slopes, likely affecting flood risk and sediment transport dynamics. Primary dune morphology determines whether they continuously or intermittently migrate. During discharge peaks, the secondary bedforms can become the dominant dune scale.
Brayden Noh, Omar Wani, Kieran B. J. Dunne, and Michael P. Lamb
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2190, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, we propose a methodology to generate risk maps that provide the probabilities of erosion due to river migration. This methodology uses concepts from probability theory to learn the parameter values of the river migration model from satellite data while taking into account parameter uncertainty. Our analysis shows that such geomorphic risk estimation is more reliable than models that don't explicitly consider various sources of variability and uncertainty.
Matthew C. Morriss, Benjamin Lehmann, Benjamin Campforts, George Brencher, Brianna Rick, Leif S. Anderson, Alexander L. Handwerger, Irina Overeem, and Jeffrey Moore
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1251–1274, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1251-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we investigate the 28 June 2022 collapse of the Chaos Canyon landslide in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. We find that the landslide was moving prior to its collapse and took place at peak spring snowmelt; temperature modeling indicates the potential presence of permafrost. We hypothesize that this landslide could be part of the broader landscape evolution changes to alpine terrain caused by a warming climate, leading to thawing alpine permafrost.
Christopher Tomsett and Julian Leyland
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1223–1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1223-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation influences how rivers change through time, yet the way in which we analyse vegetation is limited. Current methods collect detailed data at the individual plant level or determine dominant vegetation types across larger areas. Herein, we use UAVs to collect detailed vegetation datasets for a 1 km length of river and link vegetation properties to channel evolution occurring within the study site, providing a new method for investigating the influence of vegetation on river systems.
Rabab Yassine, Ludovic Cassan, Hélène Roux, Olivier Frysou, and François Pérès
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1199–1221, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1199-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting river morphology evolution is very complicated, especially for mountain rivers with complex morphologies such as the Lac des Gaves reach in France. A 2D hydromorphological model was developed to reproduce the channel's evolution and provide reliable volumetric predictions while revealing the challenge of choosing adapted sediment transport and friction laws. Our model can provide decision-makers with reliable predictions to design suitable restoration measures for this reach.
Daisuke Harada and Shinji Egashira
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1183–1197, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1183-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper proposes a method for describing large-wood behavior in terms of the convection equation and the storage equation, which are associated with active sediment erosion and deposition. Compared to the existing Lagrangian method, the proposed method can easily simulate the behavior of large wood in the flow field with active sediment transport. The method is applied to the flood disaster in the Akatani River in 2017, and the 2-D flood flow computations are successfully performed.
Hemanti Sharma and Todd A. Ehlers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1161–1181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1161-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seasonality in precipitation (P) and vegetation (V) influences catchment erosion (E), although which factor plays the dominant role is unclear. In this study, we performed a sensitivity analysis of E to P–V seasonality through numerical modeling. Our results suggest that P variations strongly influence seasonal variations in E, while the effect of seasonal V variations is secondary but significant. This is more pronounced in moderate and least pronounced in extreme environmental settings.
Eduardo Gomez-de la Peña, Giovanni Coco, Colin Whittaker, and Jennifer Montaño
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1145–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1145-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting how shorelines change over time is a major challenge in coastal research. We here have turned to deep learning (DL), a data-driven modelling approach, to predict the movement of shorelines using observations from a camera system in New Zealand. The DL models here implemented succeeded in capturing the variability and distribution of the observed shoreline data. Overall, these findings indicate that DL has the potential to enhance the accuracy of current shoreline change predictions.
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, and John Robert Gardner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2271, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2271, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates Amazon deforestation's profound impact on sediment dynamics. Novel remote sensing data and statistical analyses reveal significant changes, especially in heavily deforested regions, with rapid effects within a year. In less disturbed areas, a 1- to 2-year lag occurs, influenced by natural sediment shifts and human activities. These findings highlight the need to understand human activities' consequences for our planet's future.
Christoph Rettinger, Mina Tabesh, Ulrich Rüde, Stefan Vollmer, and Roy M. Frings
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1097–1115, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1097-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Packing models promise efficient and accurate porosity predictions of fluvial sediment deposits. In this study, three packing models were reviewed, calibrated, and validated. Only two of the models were able to handle the continuous and large grain size distributions typically encountered in rivers. We showed that an extension by a cohesion model is necessary and developed guidelines for successful predictions in different rivers.
Alexander A. Ermilov, Gergely Benkő, and Sándor Baranya
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1061–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A novel, artificial-intelligence-based riverbed sediment analysis methodology is introduced that uses underwater images to identify the characteristic sediment classes. The main novelties of the procedure are as follows: underwater images are used, the method enables continuous mapping of the riverbed along the measurement vessel’s route contrary to conventional techniques, the method is cost-efficient, and the method works without scaling.
Kelly M. Sanks, John B. Shaw, Samuel M. Zapp, José Silvestre, Ripul Dutt, and Kyle M. Straub
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1035–1060, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1035-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
River deltas encompass many depositional environments (like channels and wetlands) that interact to produce coastal environments that change through time. The processes leading to sedimentation in wetlands are often neglected from physical delta models. We show that wetland sedimentation constrains flow to the channels, changes sedimentation rates, and produces channels more akin to field-scale deltas. These results have implications for the management of these vulnerable coastal landscapes.
Katharina Wetterauer and Dirk Scherler
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1013–1033, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1013-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In glacial landscapes, debris supply rates vary spatially and temporally. Rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in medial moraine debris at five Swiss glaciers around Pigne d'Arolla indicate an increase in erosion from the end of the Little Ice Age towards deglaciation but temporally more stable rates over the last ∼100 years. Rockwall erosion rates are higher where rockwalls are steep and north-facing, suggesting a potential slope and temperature control.
Jacob Hardt, Tim Dooley, and Michael Hudec
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2104, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2104, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Subsurface salt structures may play an important role in the energy transition, e.g., as energy storage. Thus, it is important to understand all processes that affect their stability. We investigate into the reaction of salt structures on ice sheet transgressions. We used series of sandbox models that enabled us to experiment with scaled-down versions of salt bodies from northern Germany. The strongest reactions occurred when large salt pillows were partly covered by the ice load.
Sam Anderson, Nicole Gasparini, and Joel Johnson
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-995-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We measured rock strength and amount of fracturing in the two different rock types, sandstones and carbonates, in Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA. Where there is more carbonate bedrock, hills and channels steepen in Last Chance Canyon. This is because the carbonate-type bedrock tends to be more thickly bedded, is less fractured, and is stronger. The carbonate bedrock produces larger boulders than the sandstone bedrock, which can protect the more fractured sandstone bedrock from erosion.
Jens M. Turowski, Gunnar Pruß, Anne Voigtländer, Andreas Ludwig, Angela Landgraf, Florian Kober, and Audrey Bonnelye
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 979–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-979-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers can cut into rocks, and their strength modulates the river's erosion rates. Yet, which properties of the rock control its response to erosive action is poorly understood. Here, we describe parallel experiments to measure rock erosion rates under fluvial impact erosion and the rock's geotechnical properties such as fracture strength, elasticity, and density. Erosion rates vary over a factor of a million between different rock types. We use the data to improve current theory.
Koji Ohata, Hajime Naruse, and Norihiro Izumi
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 961–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-961-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the influence of sediment transport modes on the formation of bedforms using theoretical analysis. The results of the theoretical analysis were verified with published data of plane beds obtained by fieldwork and laboratory experiments. We found that suspended sand particles can promote the formation of plane beds on a fine-grained bed, which suggests that the presence of suspended particles suppresses the development of dunes under submarine sediment-laden gravity currents.
Eric Petersen, Regine Hock, and Michael G. Loso
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1913, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1913, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that increase melt rates on debris-covered glaciers which otherwise see a reduction in melt rates. In this study, we show how surface runoff streams contribute to the generation, evolution, and survival of ice cliffs by carving into the glacier and transporting rocky debris. On Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, 31.4 % of streams are actively influenced by streams, while nearly half are within 10 m of streams.
Matan Ben-Asher, Florence Magnin, Sebastian Westermann, Josué Bock, Emmanuel Malet, Johan Berthet, Ludovic Ravanel, and Philip Deline
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 899–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative knowledge of water availability on high mountain rock slopes is very limited. We use a numerical model and field measurements to estimate the water balance at a steep rock wall site. We show that snowmelt is the main source of water at elevations >3600 m and that snowpack hydrology and sublimation are key factors. The new information presented here can be used to improve the understanding of thermal, hydrogeological, and mechanical processes on steep mountain rock slopes.
Jessica Droujko, Srividya Hariharan Sudha, Gabriel Singer, and Peter Molnar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 881–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined data from satellite images with data measured from a kayak in order to understand the propagation of fine sediment in the Vjosa River. We were able to find some storm-activated and some permanent sources of sediment. We also estimated how much fine sediment is carried into the Adriatic Sea by the Vjosa River: approximately 2.5 Mt per year, which matches previous findings. With our work, we hope to show the potential of open-access satellite images.
Kate C. P. Leary, Leah Tevis, and Mark Schmeeckle
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 835–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the importance of bedforms (e.g., ripples, dunes) to sediment transport, the details of sediment transport on a sub-bedform scale are poorly understood. This paper investigates sediment transport in the downstream and cross-stream directions over bedforms with straight crests. We find that the patterns of bedload transport are highly variable on the sub-bedform scale, which is important for our understanding of the evolution of bedforms with complex crest geometries.
Daniel O'Hara, Liran Goren, Roos M. J. van Wees, Benjamin Campforts, Pablo Grosse, Pierre Lahitte, Gabor Kereszturi, and Matthieu Kervyn
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1921, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1921, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how volcanic edifices develop drainage basins remains an unexplored aspect of landscape evolution. Using Digital Evolution Models of volcanoes with varying ages, we quantify the geometries of their edifices and associated drainage basins through time. We find that these metrics correlate with edifice age, and are thus useful indicators of a volcano’s history. We then develop a generalized model for volcano basin develop and compare our results to basin evolution in other settings.
Paul A. Carling, John D. Jansen, Teng Su, Jane Lund Andersen, and Mads Faurschou Knudsen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 817–833, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many steep glaciated rock walls collapsed when the Ice Age ended. How ice supports a steep rock wall until the ice decays is poorly understood. A collapsed rock wall was surveyed in the field and numerically modelled. Cosmogenic exposure dates show it collapsed and became ice-free ca. 18 ka ago. The model showed that the rock wall failed very slowly because ice was buttressing the slope. Dating other collapsed rock walls can improve understanding of how and when the last Ice Age ended.
Paul A. Jarvis, Clement Narteau, Olivier Rozier, and Nathalie M. Vriend
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 803–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sand dune migration velocity is inversely proportional to dune size. Consequently, smaller, faster dunes can collide with larger, slower downstream dunes. Such collisions can result in either coalescence or ejection, whereby the dunes exchange mass but remain separate. Our numerical simulations show that the outcome depends probabilistically on the dune size ratio, which we describe through an empirical function. Our numerical predictions compare favourably against experimental observations.
Adrian Ringenbach, Peter Bebi, Perry Bartelt, Andreas Rigling, Marc Christen, Yves Bühler, Andreas Stoffel, and Andrin Caviezel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 779–801, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Swiss researchers carried out repeated rockfall experiments with rocks up to human sizes in a steep mountain forest. This study focuses mainly on the effects of the rock shape and lying deadwood. In forested areas, cubic-shaped rocks showed a longer mean runout distance than platy-shaped rocks. Deadwood especially reduced the runouts of these cubic rocks. The findings enrich standard practices in modern rockfall hazard zoning assessments and strongly urge the incorporation of rock shape effects.
Colin K. Bloom, Corinne Singeisen, Timothy Stahl, Andrew Howell, and Chris Massey
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 757–778, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes can cause damaging coastal cliff retreat, but we have a limited understanding of how these infrequent events influence multidecadal retreat. This makes hazard planning a challenge. In this study, we use historic aerial images to measure coastal cliff-top retreat at a site in New Zealand. We find that earthquakes account for close to half of multidecadal retreat at this site, and our results have helped us to develop tools for estimating the influence of earthquakes at other sites.
Rishitosh K. Sinha, Dwijesh Ray, Tjalling De Haas, Susan J. Conway, and Axel Noblet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 713–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our detailed investigation of Martian gullies formed in different substrates in 29 craters distributed between 30°–75° S latitude suggests that they can be differentiated from one another in terms of (1) morphology and length of alcoves and (2) mean gradient of the gully fans. The comparison between the Melton ratio, alcove length, and fan gradient of Martian and terrestrial gullies suggests that Martian gullies were likely formed by terrestrial debris-flow-like processes in the past.
Christopher J. Skinner and Thomas J. Coulthard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models allow us to simulate the way the Earth's surface is shaped and help us to understand relevant processes, in turn helping us to manage landscapes better. The models typically represent the land surface using a grid of square cells of equal size, averaging heights in those squares. This study shows that the size chosen by the modeller for these grid cells is important, with larger sizes making sediment output events larger but less frequent.
Hossein Hosseiny, Claire C. Masteller, Jedidiah E. Dale, and Colin B. Phillips
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 681–693, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-681-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-681-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is of great importance to engineers and geomorphologists to predict the rate of bed load in rivers. In this contribution, we used a large dataset of measured data and developed an artificial neural network (ANN), a machine learning algorithm, for bed load prediction. The ANN model predicted the bed load flux close to measured values and better than the ones obtained from four standard bed load models with varying degrees of complexity.
Ian Delaney, Leif Anderson, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 663–680, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a two-dimensional subglacial sediment transport model that evolves a sediment layer in response to subglacial sediment transport conditions. The model captures sediment transport in supply- and transport-limited regimes across a glacier's bed and considers both the creation and transport of sediment. Model outputs show how the spatial distribution of sediment and water below a glacier can impact the glacier's discharge of sediment and erosion of bedrock.
Sam Y. J. Huang, Steven Y. J. Lai, Ajay B. Limaye, Brady Z. Foreman, and Chris Paola
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 615–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-615-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-615-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use experiments and a model to study the effects of confinement width and the inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio on the evolution of submarine braided channels. We find that confinement width controls most of the morphological changes. These trends are consistent for submarine braided channels both with and without confinement width effects and similar to fluvial braided rivers. Furthermore, we built a model that can simulate the flow bifurcation and confluence of submarine braided channels.
Gregory Ruetenik, Ken Ferrier, and Odin Marc
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Cited articles
Ardizzone, F., Basile, G., Cardinali, M., Casagli, N., Conte, S. D.,
Ventisette, C. D., Fiorucci, F., Garfagnoli, F., Gigli, G., Guzzetti, F.,
Iovine, G., Mondini, A. C., Moretti, S., Panebianco, M., Raspini, F.,
Reichenbach, P., Rossi, M., Tanteri, L., and Terranova, O.: Landslide
inventory map for the Briga and the Giampilieri catchments, NE
Sicily, Italy, J. Maps, 8, 176–180,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.694271,
2012. a
Arnone, E., Noto, L. V., Lepore, C., and Bras, R. L.: Physically-based and
distributed approach to analyze rainfall-triggered landslides at watershed
scale, Geomorphology, 133, 121–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.019,
2011. a, b
Baum, R. L., Godt, J. W., and Savage, W. Z.: Estimating the timing and location
of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient,
unsaturated infiltration, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
115, F03013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001321,
2010. a, b
Blodgett, T. A. and Isacks, B. L.: Landslide Erosion Rate in the Eastern
Cordillera of Northern Bolivia, Earth Interact., 11, 1–30,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007EI222.1,
2007. a
Bucknam, R. C., Coe, J. A., Chavarria, M. M., Godt, J. W., Tarr, A. C.,
Bradley, L.-A., Rafferty, S. A., Hancock, D., Dart, R. L., and Johnson,
M. L.: Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala –
inventory and discussion, USGS Numbered Series 2001-443,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01443, 2001. a
Caine, N.: The Rainfall Intensity: Duration Control of Shallow
Landslides and Debris Flows, Geogr. Ann. A, 62, 23–27, https://doi.org/10.2307/520449,
1980. a
Camargo, L. P.: Análise integrada no meio físico dos ribeirões Braço
Serafim e Máximo com ênfase nas áreas de fragilidade estrutural,
Luís Alves, (SC), PhD thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina, Florianopolis,
available at: https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/157291
(last access: 2 October 2018), 2015. a, b, c
Cannon, S. H., Haller, K. M., Ekstrom, I., Schweig, E. S., Devoli, G., Moore,
D. W., Rafferty, S. A., and Tarr, A. C.: Landslide response to Hurricane
Mitch rainfall in seven study areas in Nicaragua, USGS Numbered
Series 2001-412-A,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01412A, 2001. a, b
Cardinali, M., Galli, M., Guzzetti, F., Ardizzone, F., Reichenbach, P., and Bartoccini, P.: Rainfall induced
landslides in December 2004 in south-western Umbria, central Italy: types, extent, damage and risk assessment,
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 237–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-237-2006, 2006. a
Chang, K.-T., Chiang, S.-H., Chen, Y.-C., and Mondini, A. C.: Modeling the
spatial occurrence of shallow landslides triggered by typhoons,
Geomorphology, 208, 137–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.11.020,
2014. a
Chen, Y.-C., Chang, K.-T., Lee, H.-Y., and Chiang, S.-H.: Average landslide
erosion rate at the watershed scale in southern Taiwan estimated from
magnitude and frequency of rainfall, Geomorphology, 228, 756–764,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.022,
2015. a
Clark, K. E., West, A. J., Hilton, R. G., Asner, G. P., Quesada, C. A., Silman, M. R., Saatchi, S. S., Farfan-Rios, W.,
Martin, R. E., Horwath, A. B., Halladay, K., New, M., and Malhi, Y.: Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and
implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity, Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 47–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-47-2016, 2016. a
Crone, A. J., Baum, R. L., Lidke, D. J., Sather, D. N., Bradley, L.-A., and
Tarr, A. C.: Landslides induced by Hurricane Mitch in El Salvador –
an inventory and descriptions of selected features, USGS Numbered
Series 2001-444,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01444, 2001. a
Dahal, R. K. and Hasegawa, S.: Representative rainfall thresholds for
landslides in the Nepal Himalaya, Geomorphology, 100, 429–443,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.014,
2008. a
Densmore, A. L. and Hovius, N.: Topographic fingerprints of bedrock landslides,
Geology, 28, 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<371:TFOBL>;2.0.CO;2,
2000. a
Domej, G., Bourdeau, C., and Lenti, L.: Mean Landslide Geometries
Inferred from a Global Database of Earthquake- and
Non-Earthquake-Triggered Landslides, Italian Journal of Engineering
Geology and Environment, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2017-02.O-05,
2017. a
Farr, T. G. and Kobrick, M.: Shuttle radar topography mission produces a wealth of
data,
Eos, 81, 583–585, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO081i048p00583, 2000.
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E.,
Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S., Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf, D. E.:
The shuttle radar topography mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, n RG2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183, 2007.
Frattini, P. and Crosta, G. B.: The role of material properties and landscape
morphology on landslide size distributions, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 361, 310–319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.029,
2013. a, b, c, d
Gabet, E. J., Burbank, D. W., Putkonen, J. K., Pratt-Sitaula, B. A., and Ojha,
T.: Rainfall thresholds for landsliding in the Himalayas of Nepal,
Geomorphology, 63, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.011,
2004. a, b, c
Gallen, S. F., Clark, M. K., and Godt, J. W.: Coseismic landslides reveal
near-surface rock strength in a high-relief, tectonically active setting,
Geology, 43, 11–14, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36080.1,
2015. a
Gariano, S. L. and Guzzetti, F.: Landslides in a changing climate,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 162, 227–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.011,
2016. a
Godt, J. W. and Coe, J. A.: Map showing alpine debris flows triggered by a July 28, 1999 thunderstorm in the central
Front Range of Colorado, USGS Open-File Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0350, 2003.
Godt, J. W., Baum, R. L., and Chleborad, A. F.: Rainfall characteristics for
shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA, Earth Surf.
Proc. Land., 31, 97–110, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1237,
2006. a
Gorum, T., van Westen, C. J., Korup, O., van der Meijde, M., Fan, X., and
van der Meer, F. D.: Complex rupture mechanism and topography control
symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology,
184, 127–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.027,
2013. a
Gorum, T., Korup, O., van Westen, C. J., van der Meijde, M., Xu, C., and
van der Meer, F. D.: Why so few? Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali
earthquake, Alaska, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 95, 80–94,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.032,
2014. a
Guzzetti, F., Cardinali, M., Reichenbach, P., Cipolla, F., Sebastiani, C.,
Galli, M., and Salvati, P.: Landslides triggered by the 23 November 2000
rainfall event in the Imperia Province, Western Liguria, Italy,
Eng. Geol., 73, 229–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.01.006,
2004. a
Guzzetti, F., Peruccacci, S., Rossi, M., and Stark, C. P.: The rainfall
intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an
update, Landslides, 5, 3–17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0112-1,
2008. a, b
Harp, E. and Jibson, R.: Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge,
California, earthquake, B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
86, S319–S332, 1996. a
Harp, E. L., Hagaman, K. W., Held, M. D., and McKenna, J. P.: Digital inventory
of landslides and related deposits in Honduras triggered by Hurricane
Mitch, USGS Numbered Series 2002-61, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston,
VA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0261, 2002. a
Harp, E. L., Reid, M. E., and Michael, J. A.: Hazard analysis of landslides
triggered by Typhoon Chata'an on July 2, 2002, in Chuuk State,
Federated States of Micronesia, USGS Numbered Series 2004-1348,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041348, 2004. a, b, c
Houze, R. A.: Orographic effects on precipitating clouds, Rev.
Geophys., 50, RG1001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000365,
2012. a
Hovius, N., Stark, C. P., and Allen, P. A.: Sediment flux from a mountain belt
derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 231–234,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0231:SFFAMB>2.3.CO;2,
1997. a, b, c
Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., Nelkin, E. J., Wolff, D. B., Adler, R. F., Gu,
G., Hong, Y., Bowman, K. P., and Stocker, E. F.: The TRMM Multisatellite
Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-Global, Multiyear,
Combined-Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scales, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 38–55, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM560.1,
2007. a
Iverson, R. M.: Landslide triggering by rain infiltration, Water Resour.
Res., 36, 1897–1910, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900090,
2000. a, b, c, d
Jiang, H., Halverson, J. B., Simpson, J., and Zipser, E. J.: Hurricane
“Rainfall Potential” Derived from Satellite Observations Aids
Overland Rainfall Prediction, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47, 944–959, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1619.1,
2008. a, b
Jibson, R. W., Harp, E. L., and Michael, J. A.: A method for producing digital
probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Eng. Geol., 58,
271–289, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00039-9,
2000. a
Katz, O., Morgan, J. K., Aharonov, E., and Dugan, B.: Controls on the size and
geometry of landslides: Insights from discrete element numerical
simulations, Geomorphology, 220, 104–113,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.021,
2014. a
Keefer, D. K., Wilson, R. C., Mark, R. K., Brabb, E. E., Brown, W. M., Ellen,
S. D., Harp, E. L., Wieczorek, G. F., Alger, C. S., and Zatkin, R. S.:
Real-Time Landslide Warning During Heavy Rainfall, Science, 238,
921–925, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4829.921,
1987. a
Kirschbaum, D., Adler, R., Adler, D., Peters-Lidard, C., and Huffman, G.:
Global Distribution of Extreme Precipitation and High-Impact
Landslides in 2010 Relative to Previous Years, J.
Hydrometeorol., 13, 1536–1551, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-02.1,
2012. a, b
Kirschbaum, D. B., Adler, R., Hong, Y., Hill, S., and Lerner-Lam, A.: A global
landslide catalog for hazard applications: method, results, and limitations,
Nat. Hazards, 52, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9401-4,
2009. a
Kubota, T., Shige, S., Hashizume, H., Ushio, T., Aonashi, K., Kachi, M., and
Okamoto, K.: Global Precipitation Map using Satelliteborne Microwave
Radiometers by the GSMaP Project: Production and Validation, in:
2006 IEEE MicroRad, 290–295, https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677106,
2006. a
Lafore, J. P., Stein, J., Asencio, N., Bougeault, P., Ducrocq, V., Duron, J.,
Fischer, C., Héreil, P., Mascart, P., Masson, V., Pinty, J. P.,
Redelsperger, J. L., Richard, E., and Arellano, J. V.-G. D.: The Meso-NH
Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and
control simulations, Ann. Geophys., 16, 90–109,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0090-6,
1997. a
Lehmann, P. and Or, D.: Hydromechanical triggering of landslides: From
progressive local failures to mass release, Water Resour. Res., 48,
W03535, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010947,
2012. a
Liao, H.-W. and Lee, C.: Landslides triggered by Chi-Chi earthquake, in:
Proceedings of the 21st Asian conference on remote sensing, 1,
383–388, 2000. a
Malamud, B. D., Turcotte, D. L., Guzzetti, F., and Reichenbach, P.: Landslide
inventories and their statistical properties, Earth Surf. Proc.
Land., 29, 687–711, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1064,
2004. a, b, c
Marc, O. and Hovius, N.: Amalgamation in landslide maps: effects and automatic detection,
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 723–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, 2015. a, b
Marc, O., Hovius, N., Meunier, P., Uchida, T., and Hayashi, S.: Transient
changes of landslide rates after earthquakes, Geology, 43, 883–886,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G36961.1,
2015. a
Marc, O., Meunier, P., and Hovius, N.: Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on
seismological parameters, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1159–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, 2017. a, b, c
Meunier, P., Hovius, N., and Haines, A. J.: Regional patterns of
earthquake-triggered landslides and their relation to ground motion,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20408, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031337,
2007. a
Meunier, P., Hovius, N., and Haines, J. A.: Topographic site effects and the
location of earthquake induced landslides, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 275, 221–232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.020,
2008. a
Meunier, P., Uchida, T., and Hovius, N.: Landslide patterns reveal the sources
of large earthquakes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 363, 27–33,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.018,
2013. a
Milledge, D. G., Bellugi, D., McKean, J. A., Densmore, A. L., and Dietrich,
W. E.: A multidimensional stability model for predicting shallow landslide
size and shape across landscapes, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 119, 2014JF003135, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003135,
2014. a
Mondini, A. C.: Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation Changes in
Multitemporal SAR Images for Event Landslides Detection, Remote
Sensing, 9, 554, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060554,
2017. a
Montgomery, D. R.: Slope Distributions, Threshold Hillslopes, and
Steady-state Topography, Am. J. Sci., 301, 432–454,
https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.301.4-5.432,
2001. a
Montgomery, D. R. and Dietrich, W. E.: A physically based model for the
topographic control on shallow landsliding, Water Resour. Res., 30,
1153–1171, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02979,
1994. a, b
NASA JPL: NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second [Data set], NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC,
https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/SRTM/SRTMGL1.003, 2013.
Netto, A. L. C., Sato, A. M., Avelar, A. D. S., Vianna, L. G. G., Araújo,
I. S., Ferreira, D. L. C., Lima, P. H., Silva, A. P. A., and Silva, R. P.:
January 2011: The Extreme Landslide Disaster in Brazil, in:
Landslide Science and Practice, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg,
377–384, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31319-6_51, 2013. a, b, c
Nowicki, M. A., Wald, D. J., Hamburger, M. W., Hearne, M., and Thompson, E. M.:
Development of a globally applicable model for near real-time prediction of
seismically induced landslides, Eng. Geol., 173, 54–65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.02.002,
2014. a
Ono, K., Kazama, S., and Ekkawatpanit, C.: Assessment of rainfall-induced
shallow landslides in Phetchabun and Krabi provinces, Thailand, Natural
Hazards, 74, 2089–2107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1292-3,
2014. a
Parise, M. and Jibson, R. W.: A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of
geologic units based on analysis of characteristics of landslides triggered
by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Eng.
Geol., 58, 251–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00038-7,
2000. a, b
Petley, D.: Global patterns of loss of life from landslides, Geology, 40,
927–930, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33217.1,
2012. a
Pozzobon, M.: Análise da suscetibilidade a deslizamentos no
município de blumenau/sc: uma abordagem probabilística
atravées da Aplicação da Técnica pesos de evidência,
PhD thesis, Universidade federal do paranã, Curitiba,
available at: http://www.floresta.ufpr.br/pos-graduacao/defesas/pdf_dr/2013/t342_0370-D.pdf (last access: 2 October 2018), 2013. a, b
Reid, L. M.: Calculation of average landslide frequency using climatic records,
Water Resour. Res., 34, 869–877, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02682,
1998. a
Reid, L. M. and Page, M. J.: Magnitude and frequency of landsliding in a large
New Zealand catchment, Geomorphology, 49, 71–88,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00164-2,
2003. a
Saito, H. and Matsuyama, H.: Catastrophic Landslide Disasters Triggered
by Record-Breaking Rainfall in Japan: Their Accurate Detection
with Normalized Soil Water Index in the Kii Peninsula for the
Year 2011, Sola, 8, 81–84, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2012-021, 2012. a
Saito, H., Korup, O., Uchida, T., Hayashi, S., and Oguchi, T.: Rainfall
conditions, typhoon frequency, and contemporary landslide erosion in Japan,
Geology, 42, 999–1002, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35680.1,
2014. a
Schmidt, K. M. and Montgomery, D. R.: Limits to Relief, Science, 270,
617–620, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5236.617,
1995. a
Stark, C. P. and Guzzetti, F.: Landslide rupture and the probability
distribution of mobilized debris volumes, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 114, F00A02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001008,
2009. a, b, c, d
Stark, C. P. and Hovius, N.: The characterization of landslide size
distributions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1091–1094,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL008527,
2001. a
Stumpf, A., Lachiche, N., Malet, J.-P., Kerle, N., and Puissant, A.: Active
Learning in the Spatial Domain for Remote Sensing Image
Classification, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 52,
2492–2507, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2262052, 2014. a
Taniguchi, A., Shige, S., Yamamoto, M. K., Mega, T., Kida, S., Kubota, T.,
Kachi, M., Ushio, T., and Aonashi, K.: Improvement of High-Resolution
Satellite Rainfall Product for Typhoon Morakot (2009) over
Taiwan, J. Hydrometeorol., 14, 1859–1871,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-047.1,
2013. a
Tanyaş, H., van Westen, C. J., Allstadt, K. E., Anna Nowicki Jessee, M.,
Görüm, T., Jibson, R. W., Godt, J. W., Sato, H. P., Schmitt, R. G., Marc,
O., and Hovius, N.: Presentation and Analysis of a Worldwide Database
of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Inventories, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 2017JF004236, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004236,
2017.
a
Ushio, T., Sasashige, K., Kubota, T., Shige, S., Okamoto, K., Aonashi, K.,
Inoue, T., Takahashi, N., Iguchi, T., Kachi, M., Oki, R., Morimoto, T., and
Kawasaki, Z.-I.: A Kalman Filter Approach to the Global Satellite
Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) from Combined Passive Microwave
and Infrared Radiometric Data, J. Meteorol. Soc.
Jpn., 87A, 137–151, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.87A.137, 2009. a, b
Uchida, T., Tamur, K., and Akiyama, K.: The role of grid cell size,
flow routing algolithm and spatial variability of soil
depth on shallow landslide prediction, in: 5th International
Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics,
Prediction and Assessment, 149–157, Italian journal of engineering
geology and environment, Padua, Italy, 2011. a
Uchida, T., Sato, T., Mizuno, M., and Okamoto, A.: The role of rainfall
magnitude on landslide characteristics triggered by Typhoon Tales, 2011, Civil Engineering Journal, 54, 10–13, 2012 (in Japanese). a
Uchida, T., Okamoto, A., Kanbara, J. I., and Kuramoto, K.: RAINFALL
THRESHOLDS FOR DEEP-SEATED RAPID LANDSLIDES, in: International
Conference on Vajont 1963-2013/Proceedings – Thoughts and analyses
after 50 years since the catastrophic landslide, ITAlian journal of engineering geology and environment, Padua, Italy, 211–217, 2013. a
Van Asch, T. W. J., Buma, J., and Van Beek, L. P. H.: A view on some
hydrological triggering systems in landslides, Geomorphology, 30, 25–32,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00042-2,
1999. a, b, c, d
von Ruette, J., Lehmann, P., and Or, D.: Rainfall-triggered shallow landslides
at catchment scale: Threshold mechanics-based modeling for abruptness and
localization, Water Resour. Res., 49, 6266–6285,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20418,
2013. a, b
Wilson, R. C. and Wieczorek, G. F.: Rainfall Thresholds for the Initiation
of Debris Flows at La Honda, California, Environ.
Eng. Geosci., I, 11–27, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.I.1.11,
1995. a
Yagi, H., Sato, G., Higaki, D., Yamamoto, M., and Yamasaki, T.: Distribution
and characteristics of landslides induced by the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku
Earthquake in 2008 in Tohoku District, Northeast Japan, Landslides,
6, 335–344, 2009. a
Short summary
Rainfall-induced landslides cause significant damage and fatality worldwide, but we have few datasets constraining the impact of individual storms. We present and analyze 8 landslide inventories, with >150 to >150 00 landslides, comprehensively representing the landslide population caused by 8 storms from Asia and the Americas. We found that the total storm rainfall is a major control on total landsliding, landslide size, and that storms trigger landslides on less steep slopes than earthquakes.
Rainfall-induced landslides cause significant damage and fatality worldwide, but we have few...
