Articles | Volume 6, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-903-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-903-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Oct 2018
Research article |
| 10 Oct 2018
Initial insights from a global database of rainfall-induced landslide inventories: the weak influence of slope and strong influence of total storm rainfall
École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre,
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique UMR 7516, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
André Stumpf
École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre,
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique UMR 7516, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
Jean-Philippe Malet
École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre,
Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique UMR 7516, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
Marielle Gosset
Géoscience Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Taro Uchida
National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Research Center for Disaster Risk Management, Tsukuba, Japan
Shou-Hao Chiang
Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
Related authors
Gregory Ruetenik, Ken Ferrier, and Odin Marc
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Luke A. McGuire, Scott W. McCoy, Odin Marc, William Struble, and Katherine R. Barnhart
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-47, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-47, 2022
Preprint under review for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are mixtures of mud and rocks that can travel at high speeds across steep landscapes. Here, we propose a new model to describe how landscapes are shaped by debris flow erosion over long timescales. Model results demonstrate that the shapes of channel profiles are sensitive to uplift rate, meaning that it may be possible use topographic data from steep channel networks to infer how erosion rates vary in space across a landscape.
Katy Burrows, Odin Marc, and Dominique Remy
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2637–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The locations of triggered landslides following a rainfall event can be identified in optical satellite images. However cloud cover associated with the rainfall means that these images cannot be used to identify landslide timing. Timings of landslides triggered during long rainfall events are often unknown. Here we present methods of using Sentinel-1 satellite radar data, acquired every 12 d globally in all weather conditions, to better constrain the timings of rainfall-triggered landslides.
Robert Emberson, Dalia B. Kirschbaum, Pukar Amatya, Hakan Tanyas, and Odin Marc
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1129–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding where landslides occur in mountainous areas is critical to support hazard analysis as well as understand landscape evolution. In this study, we present a large compilation of inventories of landslides triggered by rainfall, including several that are described here for the first time. We analyze the topographic characteristics of the landslides, finding consistent relationships for landslide source and deposition areas, despite differences in the inventories' locations.
Odin Marc, Jens M. Turowski, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The size of grains delivered to rivers is an essential parameter for understanding erosion and sediment transport and their related hazards. In mountains, landslides deliver these rock fragments, but few studies have analyzed the landslide properties that control the resulting sizes. We present measurements on 17 landslides from Taiwan and show that their grain sizes depend on rock strength, landslide depth and drop height, thereby validating and updating a previous theory on fragmentation.
Claire Rault, Alexandra Robert, Odin Marc, Niels Hovius, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 829–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Large earthquakes trigger thousands of landslides in the area of their epicentre. For three earthquake cases, we have determined the position of these landslides along hillslopes. These co-seismic landslides tend to cluster at ridge crests and slope toes. We show that crest clustering is specific to seismic triggering. But although co-seismic landslides locate higher in the landscape than rainfall-induced landslides, geological features strongly modulate their position along the hillslopes.
Odin Marc, Robert Behling, Christoff Andermann, Jens M. Turowski, Luc Illien, Sigrid Roessner, and Niels Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 107–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped eight monsoon-related (> 100 m2) and large (> 0.1 km2) landslides in the Nepal Himalayas since 1970. Adding inventories of Holocene landslides, giant landslides (> 1 km3), and landslides from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we constrain the size–frequency distribution of monsoon- and earthquake-induced landslides. Both contribute ~50 % to a long-term (> 10 kyr) total erosion of ~2 mm yr-1, matching the long-term exhumation rate. Large landslides rarer than 10Be sampling time drive erosion.
Odin Marc, Patrick Meunier, and Niels Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1159–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analytical expression for the surface area of the region within which landslides induced by a given earthquake are distributed. The expression is based on seismological scaling laws. Without calibration the model predicts, within a factor of 2, up to 49 out of 83 cases reported in the literature and agrees with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. This model may be used for hazard assessment based on early earthquake detection parameters.
Robert Emberson, Niels Hovius, Albert Galy, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 727–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid dissolution of bedrock and regolith mobilised by landslides can be an important control on rates of overall chemical weathering in mountain ranges. In this study we analysed a number of landslides and rivers in Taiwan to better understand why this occurs. We find that sulfuric acid resulting from rapid oxidation of highly reactive sulfides in landslide deposits drives the intense weathering and can set catchment-scale solute budgets. This could be a CO2 source in fast-eroding mountains.
O. Marc and N. Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 723–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present how amalgamation (i.e. the mapping of several adjacent landslides as a single polygon) can distort results derived from landslide mapping. Errors on the total landslide volume and power-law exponent of the area–frequency distribution, resulting from amalgamation, may be up to 200 and 50%, respectively. We present an algorithm based on image and DEM analysis, for automatic identification of amalgamated polygons, allowing one to check and correct landslide inventories faster.
Gregory Ruetenik, Ken Ferrier, and Odin Marc
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1278, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Fluvial sediment fluxes increased dramatically in Taiwan during Typhoon Morakot in 2009, which produced some of the heaviest landsliding on record. We analyzed fluvial discharge and suspended sediment concentration data at 87 gauging stations across Taiwan to quantify fluvial sediment responses since Morakot. In basins heavily impacted by landsliding, rating curve coefficients sharply increased during Morakot and then declined exponentially with a characteristic decay time of <10 years.
Floriane Provost, Dimitri Zigone, Emmanuel Le Meur, Jean-Philippe Malet, and Clément Hibert
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-736, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-736, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The recent calving of the Astrolabe glacier in November 2021 presents an opportunity to better understand the processes leading to ice fracturing. Optical satellite imagery is used to retrieve the calving cycle of the glacier ice tongue and to measure the ice velocity and strain rates in order to document fracture evolution. We observed that the presence of sea ice for consecutive years has favored the glacier extension but failed to inhibit the growth of fractures that accelerated in June 2021.
Axel A. J. Deijns, Olivier Dewitte, Wim Thiery, Nicolas d'Oreye, Jean-Philippe Malet, and François Kervyn
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3679–3700, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3679-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-3679-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides and flash floods are rainfall-induced processes that often co-occur and interact, generally very quickly. In mountainous cloud-covered environments, determining when these processes occur remains challenging. We propose a regional methodology using open-access satellite radar images that allow for the timing of landslide and flash floods events, in the contrasting landscapes of tropical Africa, with an accuracy of up to a few days. The methodology shows potential for transferability.
François Noël, Michel Jaboyedoff, Andrin Caviezel, Clément Hibert, Franck Bourrier, and Jean-Philippe Malet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1141–1164, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1141-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1141-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Rockfall simulations are often performed to make sure infrastructure is safe. For that purpose, rockfall trajectory data are needed to calibrate the simulation models. In this paper, an affordable, flexible, and efficient trajectory reconstruction method is proposed. The method is tested by reconstructing trajectories from a full-scale rockfall experiment involving 2670 kg rocks and a flexible barrier. The results highlight improvements in precision and accuracy of the proposed method.
Luke A. McGuire, Scott W. McCoy, Odin Marc, William Struble, and Katherine R. Barnhart
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-47, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-47, 2022
Preprint under review for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
Debris flows are mixtures of mud and rocks that can travel at high speeds across steep landscapes. Here, we propose a new model to describe how landscapes are shaped by debris flow erosion over long timescales. Model results demonstrate that the shapes of channel profiles are sensitive to uplift rate, meaning that it may be possible use topographic data from steep channel networks to infer how erosion rates vary in space across a landscape.
Katy Burrows, Odin Marc, and Dominique Remy
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2637–2653, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2637-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The locations of triggered landslides following a rainfall event can be identified in optical satellite images. However cloud cover associated with the rainfall means that these images cannot be used to identify landslide timing. Timings of landslides triggered during long rainfall events are often unknown. Here we present methods of using Sentinel-1 satellite radar data, acquired every 12 d globally in all weather conditions, to better constrain the timings of rainfall-triggered landslides.
Clément Hibert, François Noël, David Toe, Miloud Talib, Mathilde Desrues, Emmanuel Wyser, Ombeline Brenguier, Franck Bourrier, Renaud Toussaint, Jean-Philippe Malet, and Michel Jaboyedoff
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-522, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-522, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Natural disasters such as landslides and rock falls are mostly difficult to study because of the impossibility of making in situ measurements due to their destructive nature and spontaneous occurrence. Seismology is able to record the occurrence of such events from a distance and in real time. In this study, we show that using a machine learning approach, the mass and velocity of rockfalls can be estimated from the seismic signal they generate.
Robert Emberson, Dalia B. Kirschbaum, Pukar Amatya, Hakan Tanyas, and Odin Marc
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1129–1149, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1129-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding where landslides occur in mountainous areas is critical to support hazard analysis as well as understand landscape evolution. In this study, we present a large compilation of inventories of landslides triggered by rainfall, including several that are described here for the first time. We analyze the topographic characteristics of the landslides, finding consistent relationships for landslide source and deposition areas, despite differences in the inventories' locations.
Odin Marc, Jens M. Turowski, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 995–1011, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-995-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The size of grains delivered to rivers is an essential parameter for understanding erosion and sediment transport and their related hazards. In mountains, landslides deliver these rock fragments, but few studies have analyzed the landslide properties that control the resulting sizes. We present measurements on 17 landslides from Taiwan and show that their grain sizes depend on rock strength, landslide depth and drop height, thereby validating and updating a previous theory on fragmentation.
Maxime Turko, Marielle Gosset, Christophe Bouvier, Nanee Chahinian, Matias Alcoba, Modeste Kacou, and Apoline Yappi
Proc. IAHS, 383, 237–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-237-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-383-237-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Urban floods due to intense precipitation is a major problem in many developing countries, especially in Africa. Rainfall measurement using cellular communication networks is a cost effective method to monitor the heavy rainfall that cause these floods. The method is based on analyzing signal fluctuations due to rain between telecommunication antennas. Here we present simulation studies to test how rainfall measured by this method can help predicting floods in urban areas.
A. Déprez, A. Puissant, J.-P. Malet, and D. Michéa
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2020, 677–683, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-677-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-677-2020, 2020
Claire Rault, Alexandra Robert, Odin Marc, Niels Hovius, and Patrick Meunier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 829–839, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-829-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Large earthquakes trigger thousands of landslides in the area of their epicentre. For three earthquake cases, we have determined the position of these landslides along hillslopes. These co-seismic landslides tend to cluster at ridge crests and slope toes. We show that crest clustering is specific to seismic triggering. But although co-seismic landslides locate higher in the landscape than rainfall-induced landslides, geological features strongly modulate their position along the hillslopes.
Odin Marc, Robert Behling, Christoff Andermann, Jens M. Turowski, Luc Illien, Sigrid Roessner, and Niels Hovius
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 107–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-107-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We mapped eight monsoon-related (> 100 m2) and large (> 0.1 km2) landslides in the Nepal Himalayas since 1970. Adding inventories of Holocene landslides, giant landslides (> 1 km3), and landslides from the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we constrain the size–frequency distribution of monsoon- and earthquake-induced landslides. Both contribute ~50 % to a long-term (> 10 kyr) total erosion of ~2 mm yr-1, matching the long-term exhumation rate. Large landslides rarer than 10Be sampling time drive erosion.
Floriane Provost, Jean-Philippe Malet, Clément Hibert, Agnès Helmstetter, Mathilde Radiguet, David Amitrano, Nadège Langet, Eric Larose, Clàudia Abancó, Marcel Hürlimann, Thomas Lebourg, Clara Levy, Gaëlle Le Roy, Patrice Ulrich, Maurin Vidal, and Benjamin Vial
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 1059–1088, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1059-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-1059-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic sources generated by the deformation of unstable slopes are diverse in terms of signal properties and mechanisms. Standardized catalogues of landslide endogenous seismicity can help understanding the physical processes controlling slope dynamics. We propose a generic typology of seismic sources based on the analysis of signals recorded at various instrumented slopes. We demonstrate that the seismic signals present similar features at different sites and discuss their mechanical sources.
Odin Marc, Patrick Meunier, and Niels Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1159–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analytical expression for the surface area of the region within which landslides induced by a given earthquake are distributed. The expression is based on seismological scaling laws. Without calibration the model predicts, within a factor of 2, up to 49 out of 83 cases reported in the literature and agrees with the smallest region around the fault containing 95 % of the total landslide area. This model may be used for hazard assessment based on early earthquake detection parameters.
Clément Hibert, Jean-Philippe Malet, Franck Bourrier, Floriane Provost, Frédéric Berger, Pierrick Bornemann, Pascal Tardif, and Eric Mermin
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 283–292, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-283-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-283-2017, 2017
Robert Emberson, Niels Hovius, Albert Galy, and Odin Marc
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 727–742, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Rapid dissolution of bedrock and regolith mobilised by landslides can be an important control on rates of overall chemical weathering in mountain ranges. In this study we analysed a number of landslides and rivers in Taiwan to better understand why this occurs. We find that sulfuric acid resulting from rapid oxidation of highly reactive sulfides in landslide deposits drives the intense weathering and can set catchment-scale solute budgets. This could be a CO2 source in fast-eroding mountains.
Claire Casse, Marielle Gosset, Théo Vischel, Guillaume Quantin, and Bachir Alkali Tanimoun
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2841–2859, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2841-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2841-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Since 1950, the Niger River basin has overcome drastic changes. In Niamey city, the highest river levels and the longest flooded period ever recorded occurred in 2003, 2010, 2012 and 2013, with heavy casualties and property damage. The reasons for these changes, and the relative role of climate versus Land Use Land Cover changes are still debated and are investigated in this paper using observations and modelling. We conclude on the successive role of cover and then rainfall variability.
N. T. Son, C. F. Chen, C. R. Chen, L. Y. Chang, and S. H. Chiang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 993–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-993-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-993-2016, 2016
Shou Hao Chiang, Miguel Valdez, and Chi-Farn Chen
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 593–596, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-593-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-593-2016, 2016
J.-S. Lai, F. Tsai, and S.-H. Chiang
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B8, 89–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-89-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B8-89-2016, 2016
R. Schlögel, J.-P. Malet, P. Reichenbach, A. Remaître, and C. Doubre
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2369–2389, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2369-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-2369-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The paper proposes an approach to prepare a multi-date landslide inventory for the Ubaye valley (French Alps), a complex mountainous area affected by several landslide types with different degrees of activity. The inventory covering the period 1956-2010 have been analysed in order to quantify the uncertainties associated to the mapping, to measure the evolution of morphological indicators and to estimate temporal occurrence. Evolution of landslide activity is compared to other inventory sources.
C. Lissak, O. Maquaire, J.-P. Malet, F. Lavigne, C. Virmoux, C. Gomez, and R. Davidson
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 1399–1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1399-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-1399-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for monitoring the displacement of permanent slow-moving landslides affected by seasonal kinematic pattern and acceleration events. GPR data are used here to estimate the vertical movement of two rotational slides, since 1982, in combination with other surveying techniques.
C. Casse and M. Gosset
Proc. IAHS, 370, 117–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-117-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-117-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A dramatic increase in the frequency and intensity of floods due to the Niger River has been observed in the last decade in Niamey. This paper analyses how changes in rainfall may explain this flood intensification, based on a 30 year long series of satellite rainfall and a hydrological model. We show that the salient changes in the mean decadal hydrograph between 1983 and 2013 are well mimicked by the simulations. This implyes that rainfall is the first driver to the observed changes.
O. Marc and N. Hovius
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 723–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present how amalgamation (i.e. the mapping of several adjacent landslides as a single polygon) can distort results derived from landslide mapping. Errors on the total landslide volume and power-law exponent of the area–frequency distribution, resulting from amalgamation, may be up to 200 and 50%, respectively. We present an algorithm based on image and DEM analysis, for automatic identification of amalgamated polygons, allowing one to check and correct landslide inventories faster.
D. M. Krzeminska, T. A. Bogaard, T.-H. Debieche, F. Cervi, V. Marc, and J.-P. Malet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 181–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-181-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-181-2014, 2014
D. M. Krzeminska, T. A. Bogaard, J.-P. Malet, and L. P. H. van Beek
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 947–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-947-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-947-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Physical: Geomorphology (including all aspects of fluvial, coastal, aeolian, hillslope and glacial geomorphology)
Estimating surface water availability in high mountain rock slopes using a numerical energy balance model
Sediment source and sink identification using Sentinel-2 and a small network of turbidimeters on the Vjosa River
Spatiotemporal bedload transport patterns over two-dimensional bedforms
Ice-buttressing-controlled rock slope failure on a cirque headwall, Lake District, UK
The probabilistic nature of dune collisions in 2D
Shape still matters: rockfall interactions with trees and deadwood in a mountain forest uncover a new facet of rock shape dependency
Earthquake contributions to coastal cliff retreat
Morphologic and morphometric differences between gullies formed in different substrates on Mars: new insights into the gully formation processes
Testing the sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood landscape evolution model to grid cell size
Development of a machine learning model for river bed load
Modeling the spatially distributed nature of subglacial sediment transport and erosion
Confinement width and inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio control the morphology and braiding intensity of submarine channels: insights from physical experiments and reduced-complexity models
The influence of dune lee side shape on time-averaged velocities and turbulence
Synoptic-scale to mesoscale atmospheric circulation connects fluvial and coastal gravel conveyors and directional deposition of coastal landforms in the Dead Sea basin
Initial shape reconstruction of a volcanic island as a tool for quantifying long-term coastal erosion: the case of Corvo Island (Azores)
Geospatial modelling of large-wood supply to rivers: a state-of-the-art model comparison in Swiss mountain river catchments
Mobile evaporite enhances the cycle of physical–chemical erosion in badlands
Revealing the relation between spatial patterns of rainfall return levels and landslide density
Constraints on long-term cliff retreat and intertidal weathering at weak rock coasts using cosmogenic 10Be, nearshore topography and numerical modelling
Impacts of human modifications on material transport in deltas
Evolution of an Alpine proglacial river during 7 decades of deglaciation
Phenomenological model of suspended sediment transport in a small catchment
Water level fluctuations drive bank instability in a hypertidal estuary
Geotechnical controls on erodibility in fluvial impact erosion
The story of a summit nucleus: hillslope boulders and their effect on erosional patterns and landscape morphology in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera
Pristine levels of suspended sediment in large German river channels during the Anthropocene?
An Arctic delta reduced-complexity model and its reproduction of key geomorphological structures
Marsh induced backwater: the influence of non-fluvial sedimentation on a delta's channel morphology and kinematics
Spatial and temporal variations in rockwall erosion rates around Pigne d’Arolla, Switzerland, derived from cosmogenic 10Be in medial moraines at five adjacent valley glaciers
Development of the morphodynamics on Little Ice Age lateral moraines in 10 glacier forefields of the Eastern Alps since the 1950s
Modeling the inhibition effect of straw checkerboard barriers on wind-blown sand
Exploring the transition between water- and wind-dominated landscapes in Deep Springs, California, as an analog for transitioning landscapes on Mars
Geology and vegetation control landsliding on forest-managed slopes in scarplands
Optimization of passive acoustic bedload monitoring in rivers by signal inversion
Entrainment and deposition of boulders in a gravel bed river
Coupling between downstream variations of channel width and local pool–riffle bed topography
A combined approach of experimental and numerical modeling for 3D hydraulic features of a step-pool unit
Combining seismic signal dynamic inversion and numerical modeling improves landslide process reconstruction
Building a Bimodal Landscape with Varying Bed Thicknesses in Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico
Response of modern fluvial sediments to regional tectonic activity along the upper Min River, eastern Tibet
Geophysical evidence of massive hyperconcentrated push waves with embedded toma hills caused by the Flims rockslide, Switzerland
Comparison of calibration characteristics of different acoustic impact systems for measuring bedload transport in mountain streams
Episodic sediment supply to alluvial fans: implications for fan incision and morphometry
Failure mode of rainfall-induced landslide of granite residual soil, southeastern Guangxi Province, China
Exploring exogenous controls on short- versus long-term erosion rates globally
The effects of late Cenozoic climate change on the global distribution of frost cracking
Transitional rock glaciers at sea level in northern Norway
Grain size of fluvial gravel bars from close-range UAV imagery – uncertainty in segmentation-based data
Toward a general calibration of the Swiss plate geophone system for fractional bedload transport
Quantification of post-glacier bedrock surface erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence exposure dating
Matan Ben-Asher, Florence Magnin, Sebastian Westermann, Josué Bock, Emmanuel Malet, Johan Berthet, Ludovic Ravanel, and Philip Deline
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 899–915, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-899-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Quantitative knowledge of water availability on high mountain rock slopes is very limited. We use a numerical model and field measurements to estimate the water balance at a steep rock wall site. We show that snowmelt is the main source of water at elevations >3600 m and that snowpack hydrology and sublimation are key factors. The new information presented here can be used to improve the understanding of thermal, hydrogeological, and mechanical processes on steep mountain rock slopes.
Jessica Droujko, Srividya Hariharan Sudha, Gabriel Singer, and Peter Molnar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 881–897, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-881-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We combined data from satellite images with data measured from a kayak in order to understand the propagation of fine sediment in the Vjosa River. We were able to find some storm-activated and some permanent sources of sediment. We also estimated how much fine sediment is carried into the Adriatic Sea by the Vjosa River: approximately 2.5 Mt per year, which matches previous findings. With our work, we hope to show the potential of open-access satellite images.
Kate C. P. Leary, Leah Tevis, and Mark Schmeeckle
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 835–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-835-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite the importance of bedforms (e.g., ripples, dunes) to sediment transport, the details of sediment transport on a sub-bedform scale are poorly understood. This paper investigates sediment transport in the downstream and cross-stream directions over bedforms with straight crests. We find that the patterns of bedload transport are highly variable on the sub-bedform scale, which is important for our understanding of the evolution of bedforms with complex crest geometries.
Paul A. Carling, John D. Jansen, Teng Su, Jane Lund Andersen, and Mads Faurschou Knudsen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 817–833, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-817-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Many steep glaciated rock walls collapsed when the Ice Age ended. How ice supports a steep rock wall until the ice decays is poorly understood. A collapsed rock wall was surveyed in the field and numerically modelled. Cosmogenic exposure dates show it collapsed and became ice-free ca. 18 ka ago. The model showed that the rock wall failed very slowly because ice was buttressing the slope. Dating other collapsed rock walls can improve understanding of how and when the last Ice Age ended.
Paul A. Jarvis, Clement Narteau, Olivier Rozier, and Nathalie M. Vriend
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 803–815, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-803-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sand dune migration velocity is inversely proportional to dune size. Consequently, smaller, faster dunes can collide with larger, slower downstream dunes. Such collisions can result in either coalescence or ejection, whereby the dunes exchange mass but remain separate. Our numerical simulations show that the outcome depends probabilistically on the dune size ratio, which we describe through an empirical function. Our numerical predictions compare favourably against experimental observations.
Adrian Ringenbach, Peter Bebi, Perry Bartelt, Andreas Rigling, Marc Christen, Yves Bühler, Andreas Stoffel, and Andrin Caviezel
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 779–801, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Swiss researchers carried out repeated rockfall experiments with rocks up to human sizes in a steep mountain forest. This study focuses mainly on the effects of the rock shape and lying deadwood. In forested areas, cubic-shaped rocks showed a longer mean runout distance than platy-shaped rocks. Deadwood especially reduced the runouts of these cubic rocks. The findings enrich standard practices in modern rockfall hazard zoning assessments and strongly urge the incorporation of rock shape effects.
Colin K. Bloom, Corinne Singeisen, Timothy Stahl, Andrew Howell, and Chris Massey
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 757–778, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-757-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Earthquakes can cause damaging coastal cliff retreat, but we have a limited understanding of how these infrequent events influence multidecadal retreat. This makes hazard planning a challenge. In this study, we use historic aerial images to measure coastal cliff-top retreat at a site in New Zealand. We find that earthquakes account for close to half of multidecadal retreat at this site, and our results have helped us to develop tools for estimating the influence of earthquakes at other sites.
Rishitosh K. Sinha, Dwijesh Ray, Tjalling De Haas, Susan J. Conway, and Axel Noblet
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 713–730, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Our detailed investigation of Martian gullies formed in different substrates in 29 craters distributed between 30°–75° S latitude suggests that they can be differentiated from one another in terms of (1) morphology and length of alcoves and (2) mean gradient of the gully fans. The comparison between the Melton ratio, alcove length, and fan gradient of Martian and terrestrial gullies suggests that Martian gullies were likely formed by terrestrial debris-flow-like processes in the past.
Christopher J. Skinner and Thomas J. Coulthard
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-695-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Landscape evolution models allow us to simulate the way the Earth's surface is shaped and help us to understand relevant processes, in turn helping us to manage landscapes better. The models typically represent the land surface using a grid of square cells of equal size, averaging heights in those squares. This study shows that the size chosen by the modeller for these grid cells is important, with larger sizes making sediment output events larger but less frequent.
Hossein Hosseiny, Claire C. Masteller, Jedidiah E. Dale, and Colin B. Phillips
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 681–693, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-681-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-681-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
It is of great importance to engineers and geomorphologists to predict the rate of bed load in rivers. In this contribution, we used a large dataset of measured data and developed an artificial neural network (ANN), a machine learning algorithm, for bed load prediction. The ANN model predicted the bed load flux close to measured values and better than the ones obtained from four standard bed load models with varying degrees of complexity.
Ian Delaney, Leif Anderson, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 663–680, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-663-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a two-dimensional subglacial sediment transport model that evolves a sediment layer in response to subglacial sediment transport conditions. The model captures sediment transport in supply- and transport-limited regimes across a glacier's bed and considers both the creation and transport of sediment. Model outputs show how the spatial distribution of sediment and water below a glacier can impact the glacier's discharge of sediment and erosion of bedrock.
Sam Y. J. Huang, Steven Y. J. Lai, Ajay B. Limaye, Brady Z. Foreman, and Chris Paola
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 615–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-615-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-615-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use experiments and a model to study the effects of confinement width and the inflow-to-sediment discharge ratio on the evolution of submarine braided channels. We find that confinement width controls most of the morphological changes. These trends are consistent for submarine braided channels both with and without confinement width effects and similar to fluvial braided rivers. Furthermore, we built a model that can simulate the flow bifurcation and confluence of submarine braided channels.
Alice Lefebvre and Julia Cisneros
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 575–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-575-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-575-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Underwater dunes are found in various environments with strong hydrodynamics and sandy sediment. Using a numerical model, we investigated how the dune shape influences flow velocity and turbulence. We propose a classification with three types of dunes, depending on their mean lee side angles (low-angle dunes, intermediate-angle dunes and high-angle dunes). We discuss the implications of this classification on the interaction between dune morphology, flow and sediment transport.
Haggai Eyal, Moshe Armon, Yehouda Enzel, and Nadav G. Lensky
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 547–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-547-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-547-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extracting paleoenvironmets from sedimentologic and geomorphic records is a main goal in Earth sciences. We study a chain of processes connecting causative Mediterranean cyclones, coeval floods, storm waves generated by mesoscale funneled wind, and coastal gravel transport. This causes northward dispersion of gravel along the modern Dead Sea coast, which has also persisted since the late Pleistocene, resulting in beach berms and fan deltas always being deposited north of channel mouths.
Rémi Bossis, Vincent Regard, and Sébastien Carretier
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 529–545, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-529-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-529-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a method to calculate the volume of rock eroded by the sea on volcanic islands, by reconstructing their pre-erosion shape and size. The method has been applied on Corvo Island (Azores). We show that before the island was eroded, it was roughly 8 km wide and 1 km high. The island has lost more than 6 km3 of rock and 80 % of its surface. We also show that the erosion of sea cliffs is mainly due to the moderate and most frequent waves.
Nicolas Steeb, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, Alexandre Badoux, Christian Rickli, Andrea Mini, Markus Stoffel, and Dieter Rickenmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 487–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-487-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-487-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Various models have been used in science and practice to estimate how much large wood (LW) can be supplied to rivers. This contribution reviews the existing models proposed in the last 35 years and compares two of the most recent spatially explicit models by applying them to 40 catchments in Switzerland. Differences in modelling results are discussed, and results are compared to available observations coming from a unique database.
Ci-Jian Yang, Pei-Hao Chen, Erica D. Erlanger, Jens M. Turowski, Sen Xu, Tse-Yang Teng, Jiun-Chuan Lin, and Jr-Chuang Huang
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 475–486, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-475-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-475-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of the interaction between extreme physical erosion and chemical weathering dynamics are limited. We presented major elements of stream water in the badland catchment at 3 h intervals during a 3 d typhoon. The excess sodium in the evaporite deposits causes material dispersion through deflocculation, which enhances the suspended sediment flux. Moreover, we observed a shift from predominantly evaporite weathering at peak precipitation to silicate weathering at peak discharge.
Slim Mtibaa and Haruka Tsunetaka
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 461–474, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-461-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-461-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the relation between the spatial patterns of rainfall return levels for various timespans (1–72 h) and landslide density during a rainfall event that triggered widespread landslides. We found that landslide density increases with increased rainfall return levels for the various examined timespans. Accordingly, we conclude that whether rainfall intensities reached exceptional return levels for a wide time range is a key determinant of the spatial distribution of landslides.
Jennifer R. Shadrick, Dylan H. Rood, Martin D. Hurst, Matthew D. Piggott, Klaus M. Wilcken, and Alexander J. Seal
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 429–450, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-429-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-429-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a coastal evolution model to interpret cosmogenic beryllium-10 concentrations and topographic data and, in turn, quantify long-term cliff retreat rates for four chalk sites on the south coast of England. By using a process-based model, clear distinctions between intertidal weathering rates have been recognised between chalk and sandstone rock coast sites, advocating the use of process-based models to interpret the long-term behaviour of rock coasts.
Jayaram Hariharan, Kyle Wright, Andrew Moodie, Nelson Tull, and Paola Passalacqua
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 405–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-405-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-405-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We simulate the transport of material through numerically simulated river deltas under natural and human-modified (embankment construction and channel dredging) scenarios to understand their impacts on material transport. Human modifications reduce the total area visited by passive particles and alter the amount of time spent within the delta relative to natural conditions. This work can help us understand how future construction may impact land building or ecosystem restoration projects.
Livia Piermattei, Tobias Heckmann, Sarah Betz-Nutz, Moritz Altmann, Jakob Rom, Fabian Fleischer, Manuel Stark, Florian Haas, Camillo Ressl, Michael H. Wimmer, Norbert Pfeifer, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 383–403, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine rivers have experienced strong changes over the last century. In the present study, we explore the potential of historical multi-temporal elevation models, combined with recent topographic data, to quantify 66 years (from 1953 to 2019) of river changes in the glacier forefield of an Alpine catchment. Thereby, we quantify the changes in the river form as well as the related sediment erosion and deposition.
Amande Roque-Bernard, Antoine Lucas, Eric Gayer, Pascal Allemand, Céline Dessert, and Eric Lajeunesse
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 363–381, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-363-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-363-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sediment transport in rivers is an important matter in Earth surface dynamics. We offer a new framework of understanding of the suspended sediment transport through observatory chronicles and a simple model that is able to catch the behavior during a flood event as well as time series in a steep river catchment. We validate our approach in both tropical and alpine environments, which also offers additional estimates of the size of the suspended sediment.
Andrea Gasparotto, Stephen E. Darby, Julian Leyland, and Paul A. Carling
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 343–361, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-343-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-343-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study the processes leading to bank failures in the hypertidal Severn Estuary are studied employing numerical models and field observations. Results highlight that the periodic fluctuations in water levels drive an imbalance in the resisting (hydrostatic pressure) versus driving (pore water pressure) forces causing a frequent oscillation of bank stability between stable (at high tide) and unstable states (at low tide) both on semidiurnal bases and in the spring–neap transition.
Jens Martin Turowski, Gunnar Pruß, Anne Voigtländer, Andreas Ludwig, Angela Landgraf, Florian Kober, and Audrey Bonnelye
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-76, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-76, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers can cut into rocks and their strength modulates the river's erosion rates. Yet, it is poorly understood which properties of the rock control its response to erosive action. Here, we describe parallel experiments to measure rock erosion rates under fluvial impact erosion and the rock's geotechnical properties such as fracture strength, elasticity and density. Erosion rates vary over a factor of million between different rock types. We use the data to improve current theory.
Emma Lodes, Dirk Scherler, Renee van Dongen, and Hella Wittmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 305–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-305-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-305-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We explored the ways that boulders and bedrock affect the shapes of hills and valleys by testing how quickly they erode compared to soil. We found that bedrock and boulders mostly erode more slowly than soil and predict that fracture patterns affect where they exist. We also found that streams generally follow fault orientations. Together, our data imply that fractures influence landscapes by weakening bedrock, causing it to erode faster and to eventually form a valley where a stream may flow.
Thomas O. Hoffmann, Yannik Baulig, Stefan Vollmer, Jan H. Blöthe, Karl Auerswald, and Peter Fiener
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 287–303, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-287-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-287-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed more than 440 000 measurements from suspended sediment monitoring to show that suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in large rivers in Germany strongly declined by 50 % between 1990 and 2010. We argue that SSC is approaching the natural base level that was reached during the mid-Holocene. There is no simple explanation for this decline, but increased sediment retention in upstream headwaters is presumably the major reason for declining SSC in the large river channels studied.
Ngai-Ham Chan, Moritz Langer, Bennet Juhls, Tabea Rettelbach, Paul Overduin, Kimberly Huppert, and Jean Braun
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 259–285, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-259-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-259-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic river deltas influence how nutrients and soil organic carbon, carried by sediments from the Arctic landscape, are retained or released into the Arctic Ocean. Under climate change, the deltas themselves and their ecosystems are becoming more vulnerable. We build upon previous models to reproduce for the first time an important feature ubiquitous to Arctic deltas and simulate its future under climate warming. This can impact the future of Arctic deltas and the carbon release they moderate.
Kelly Sanks, John Shaw, Samuel Zapp, José Silvestre, Ripul Dutt, and Kyle Straub
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-545, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-545, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
River deltas encompass many depositional environments (like channels and wetlands) that interact to produce coastal environments that change through time. The processes leading to sedimentation in wetlands are often neglected from physical delta models. We show that wetland sedimentation constrains flow to the channels, changes sedimentation rates, and produces channels more akin to field-scale deltas. These results have implications for management of these vulnerable coastal landscapes.
Katharina Wetterauer and Dirk Scherler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-630, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-630, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In glacial landscapes, debris supply rates vary spatially and temporally. Rockwall erosion rates derived from cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in medial moraine debris at five adjacent Swiss glaciers indicate an increase in erosion from the end of the Little Ice Age towards deglaciation, but temporally more stable rates over the last ~100 years. Rockwall erosion rates are higher where rockwalls are steep and north-facing, suggesting a potential slope and temperature control.
Sarah Betz-Nutz, Tobias Heckmann, Florian Haas, and Michael Becht
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 203–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The geomorphic activity of LIA lateral moraines is of high interest due to its implications for the sediment fluxes and hazards within proglacial areas. We derived multitemporal models from historical aerial images and recent drone images to investigate the morphodynamics on moraine slopes over time. We found that the highest erosion rates occur on the steepest moraine slopes, which stay active for decades, and that the slope angle explains morphodynamics better than the time since deglaciation.
Haojie Huang
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 167–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-167-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-167-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Straw checkerboard barriers (SCBs) have been widely used in anti-desertification projects. However, research on this mechanism and its laying length are still lacking. The significance of our work is to analyze some results, which seem simple but lack a theoretical basis from the perspective of turbulence through this model. This study may provide theoretical support for the minimum laying length of SCBs in anti-desertification projects.
Taylor Dorn and Mackenzie Day
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 149–165, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-149-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-149-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Planetary surfaces are shaped by both wind and water, and their resulting surface features are commonly observed by aerial images. Deep Springs playa, CA, provides a comparable wet-to-dry-transitioning landscape as experienced in Mars' past. Our results, made through collected weather data and drone footage, show that some features, when observed solely by aerial imagery, might be interpreted as being formed by wind when in fact other processes were more influential in their formation.
Daniel Draebing, Tobias Gebhard, and Miriam Pheiffer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 71–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-71-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-71-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Scarpland formation produced low-inclined slopes susceptible to deep-seated landsliding on geological scales. These landslide-affected slopes are often used for forestry activities today, and interaction between geology and vegetation controls shallow landsliding. Our data show that Feuerletten clays control deep-seated landsliding processes that can be reactivated. When trees are sufficiently dense to provide lateral root cohesion, trees can prevent the occurrence of shallow landslides.
Mohamad Nasr, Adele Johannot, Thomas Geay, Sebastien Zanker, Jules Le Guern, and Alain Recking
Earth Surf. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-68, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2022-68, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for ESurf
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrophones are used to monitor sediment transport in the river by listing to the acoustic noise generated by particles impacts on the riverbed. However, this acoustic noise is modified by the river flow and can cause misleading information about sediment transport. This article proposes a model that corrects the measured acoustic signal. Testing the model showed that the corrected signal is better correlated with bedload flux in the river.
Pascal Allemand, Eric Lajeunesse, Olivier Devauchelle, and Vincent J. Langlois
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 21–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-21-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-21-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We recorded yearly images of a bar of the Vieux-Habitants river, a river located on Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe). These images, combined with measurements of the river discharge, allow us to monitor the evolution of the population of boulders. We estimate the smallest discharge that can move the boulders and calculate the effective transport time. We show that the likelihood of a given boulder remaining at the same location decreases exponentially, with an effective residence time of 17 h.
Shawn M. Chartrand, A. Mark Jellinek, Marwan A. Hassan, and Carles Ferrer-Boix
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-1-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rivers with alternating patterns of shallow and deep flows are commonly observed where a river widens and then narrows, respectively. But what if width changes over time? We use a lab experiment to address this question and find it is possible to decrease and then increase river width at a specific location and observe that flows deepen and then shallow consistent with expectations. Our observations can inform river restoration and climate adaptation programs that emphasize river corridors.
Chendi Zhang, Yuncheng Xu, Marwan A. Hassan, Mengzhen Xu, and Pukang He
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1253–1272, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1253-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1253-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Step-pool morphology is common in mountain streams. The geomorphic processes of step-pool features closely interact with hydraulic properties, which have limited access due to measurement difficulties. We established a combined approach using both physical experiments and numerical simulations to acquire detailed three-dimensional hydraulics for step-pool morphology, which improves the understanding of the links between hydraulics and morphology for a step-pool feature.
Yan Yan, Yifei Cui, Xinghui Huang, Jiaojiao Zhou, Wengang Zhang, Shuyao Yin, Jian Guo, and Sheng Hu
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1233–1252, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1233-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1233-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Landslides present a significant hazard for humans, but continuous landslide monitoring is not yet possible due to their unpredictability. Our study has demonstrated that combing landslide seismic signal analysis, dynamic inversion, and numerical simulation provides a comprehensive and accurate method for studying the landslide process. The approach outlined in this study could be used to support hazard prevention and control in sensitive areas.
Samuel Anderson, Nicole Gasparini, and Joel Johnson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1285, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1285, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured rock strength and amount of fracturing in the two different rock types, sandstones and carbonates, in Last Chance Canyon, New Mexico, USA. Where there is more carbonate bedrock, hills and channels steepen in Last Chance Canyon. This is because the carbonate type bedrock tends to be more thickly bedded, is less fractured, and is stronger. The carbonate bedrock produces larger boulders than the sandstone bedrock which can protect the more fractured sandstone bedrock from erosion.
Wei Shi, Hanchao Jiang, Hongyan Xu, Siyuan Ma, Jiawei Fan, Siqi Zhang, Qiaoqiao Guo, and Xiaotong Wei
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1195–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1195-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1195-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine valleys reduce the preservation potential of Quaternary sediment in bedrock valley regions, which seriously hinders the study of modern tectonic activity. We report a new method to reveal regional tectonic activity by analyzing fluvial sediments in tectonically active regions. Our analyses identify three segments of different tectonic activities along the upper Min River, eastern Tibet. This method provides a key framework to reveal tectonic activity in other regions of the world.
Sibylle Knapp, Michael Schwenk, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1185–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Flims area in the Swiss Alps has fascinated the researchers with its complex geological history ever since. Especially the order of events related to the Tamins and Flims rockslides has long been debated. This paper presents novel results based on up to 160 m deep geophysical profiles, which show onlaps of the Bonaduz Formation onto the Tamins deposits (Ils Aults) and thus indicate that the Tamins rockslide occurred first. The consecutive evolution of this landscape is shown in four phases.
Dieter Rickenmann, Lorenz Ammann, Tobias Nicollier, Stefan Boss, Bruno Fritschi, Gilles Antoniazza, Nicolas Steeb, Zheng Chen, Carlos Wyss, and Alexandre Badoux
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1165–1183, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Swiss plate geophone system has been installed and tested in more than 20 steep gravel-bed streams. It is an indirect bedload transport measuring system. We compare the performance of this system with three alternative surrogate measuring systems, using calibration measurements with direct bedload samples from three field sites and an outdoor flume facility. Three of the four systems resulted in robust calibration relations between signal impulse counts and transported bedload mass.
Anya S. Leenman and Brett C. Eaton
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1097–1114, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1097-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1097-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The supply of sediment (sand and gravel) carried by a stream out of a steep mountain valley is widely thought to control the gradient of the fan-shaped landforms that streams often build where they leave their valley. We tested this idea in a set of
sandboxexperiments with oscillating high and low sediment supply. Even though the average sediment supply never changed, longer oscillations built flatter fans, indicating how wetter climates might affect these mountain landforms.
Shanbai Wu, Ruihua Zhao, Liping Liao, Yunchuan Yang, Yao Wei, and Wenzhi Wei
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1079–1096, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Granite residual soil landslides are widely distributed in southeastern Guangxi Province, China. To understand the failure mode, the landslide can provide a scientific basis for early warning and prevention. In this study, we conducted artificial flume model tests to investigate the failure mode of granite residual soil landslide. The research provides valuable references for the prevention and early warning of granite residual soil landslide in the southeast of Guangxi.
Shiuan-An Chen, Katerina Michaelides, David A. Richards, and Michael Bliss Singer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1055–1078, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1055-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1055-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Drainage basin erosion rates influence landscape evolution through controlling land surface lowering and sediment flux, but gaps remain in understanding their large-scale patterns and drivers between timescales. We analysed global erosion rates and show that long-term erosion rates are controlled by rainfall, former glacial processes, and basin landform, whilst human activities enhance short-term erosion rates. The results highlight the complex interplay of controls on land surface processes.
Hemanti Sharma, Sebastian G. Mutz, and Todd A. Ehlers
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 997–1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-997-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-997-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We estimate global changes in frost cracking intensity (FCI) using process-based models for four time slices in the late Cenozoic ranging from the Pliocene (∼ 3 Ma) to pre-industrial (∼ 1850 CE, PI). For all time slices, results indicate that FCI was most prevalent in middle to high latitudes and high-elevation lower-latitude areas such as Tibet. Larger deviations (relative to PI) were observed in colder (LGM) and warmer climates (Pliocene) due to differences in temperature and glaciation.
Karianne S. Lilleøren, Bernd Etzelmüller, Line Rouyet, Trond Eiken, Gaute Slinde, and Christin Hilbich
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 975–996, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-975-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-975-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In northern Norway we have observed several rock glaciers at sea level. Rock glaciers are landforms that only form under the influence of permafrost, which is frozen ground. Our investigations show that the rock glaciers are probably not active under the current climate but most likely were active in the recent past. This shows how the Arctic now changes due to climate changes and also how similar areas in currently colder climates will change in the future.
David Mair, Ariel Henrique Do Prado, Philippos Garefalakis, Alessandro Lechmann, Alexander Whittaker, and Fritz Schlunegger
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 953–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Grain size data are important for studying and managing rivers, but they are difficult to obtain in the field. Therefore, methods have been developed that use images from small and remotely piloted aircraft. However, uncertainty in grain size data from such image-based products is understudied. Here we present a new way of uncertainty estimation that includes fully modeled errors. We use this technique to assess the effect of several image acquisition aspects on grain size uncertainty.
Tobias Nicollier, Gilles Antoniazza, Lorenz Ammann, Dieter Rickenmann, and James W. Kirchner
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 929–951, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-929-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring sediment transport is relevant for flood safety and river restoration. However, the spatial and temporal variability of sediment transport processes makes their prediction challenging. We investigate the feasibility of a general calibration relationship between sediment transport rates and the impact signals recorded by metal plates installed in the channel bed. We present a new calibration method based on flume experiments and apply it to an extensive dataset of field measurements.
Joanne Elkadi, Benjamin Lehmann, Georgina E. King, Olivia Steinemann, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Marcus Christl, and Frédéric Herman
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 909–928, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Glacial and non-glacial processes have left a strong imprint on the landscape of the European Alps, but further research is needed to better understand their long-term effects. We apply a new technique combining two methods for bedrock surface dating to calculate post-glacier erosion rates next to a Swiss glacier. Interestingly, the results suggest non-glacial erosion rates are higher than previously thought, but glacial erosion remains the most influential on landscape evolution.
Cited articles
Ardizzone, F., Basile, G., Cardinali, M., Casagli, N., Conte, S. D.,
Ventisette, C. D., Fiorucci, F., Garfagnoli, F., Gigli, G., Guzzetti, F.,
Iovine, G., Mondini, A. C., Moretti, S., Panebianco, M., Raspini, F.,
Reichenbach, P., Rossi, M., Tanteri, L., and Terranova, O.: Landslide
inventory map for the Briga and the Giampilieri catchments, NE
Sicily, Italy, J. Maps, 8, 176–180,
https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2012.694271,
2012. a
Arnone, E., Noto, L. V., Lepore, C., and Bras, R. L.: Physically-based and
distributed approach to analyze rainfall-triggered landslides at watershed
scale, Geomorphology, 133, 121–131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.03.019,
2011. a, b
Baum, R. L., Godt, J. W., and Savage, W. Z.: Estimating the timing and location
of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient,
unsaturated infiltration, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth,
115, F03013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001321,
2010. a, b
Blodgett, T. A. and Isacks, B. L.: Landslide Erosion Rate in the Eastern
Cordillera of Northern Bolivia, Earth Interact., 11, 1–30,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2007EI222.1,
2007. a
Bucknam, R. C., Coe, J. A., Chavarria, M. M., Godt, J. W., Tarr, A. C.,
Bradley, L.-A., Rafferty, S. A., Hancock, D., Dart, R. L., and Johnson,
M. L.: Landslides triggered by Hurricane Mitch in Guatemala –
inventory and discussion, USGS Numbered Series 2001-443,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01443, 2001. a
Caine, N.: The Rainfall Intensity: Duration Control of Shallow
Landslides and Debris Flows, Geogr. Ann. A, 62, 23–27, https://doi.org/10.2307/520449,
1980. a
Camargo, L. P.: Análise integrada no meio físico dos ribeirões Braço
Serafim e Máximo com ênfase nas áreas de fragilidade estrutural,
Luís Alves, (SC), PhD thesis, Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina, Florianopolis,
available at: https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/157291
(last access: 2 October 2018), 2015. a, b, c
Cannon, S. H., Haller, K. M., Ekstrom, I., Schweig, E. S., Devoli, G., Moore,
D. W., Rafferty, S. A., and Tarr, A. C.: Landslide response to Hurricane
Mitch rainfall in seven study areas in Nicaragua, USGS Numbered
Series 2001-412-A,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01412A, 2001. a, b
Cardinali, M., Galli, M., Guzzetti, F., Ardizzone, F., Reichenbach, P., and Bartoccini, P.: Rainfall induced
landslides in December 2004 in south-western Umbria, central Italy: types, extent, damage and risk assessment,
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 237–260, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-237-2006, 2006. a
Chang, K.-T., Chiang, S.-H., Chen, Y.-C., and Mondini, A. C.: Modeling the
spatial occurrence of shallow landslides triggered by typhoons,
Geomorphology, 208, 137–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.11.020,
2014. a
Chen, Y.-C., Chang, K.-T., Lee, H.-Y., and Chiang, S.-H.: Average landslide
erosion rate at the watershed scale in southern Taiwan estimated from
magnitude and frequency of rainfall, Geomorphology, 228, 756–764,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.022,
2015. a
Clark, K. E., West, A. J., Hilton, R. G., Asner, G. P., Quesada, C. A., Silman, M. R., Saatchi, S. S., Farfan-Rios, W.,
Martin, R. E., Horwath, A. B., Halladay, K., New, M., and Malhi, Y.: Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and
implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity, Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 47–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-47-2016, 2016. a
Crone, A. J., Baum, R. L., Lidke, D. J., Sather, D. N., Bradley, L.-A., and
Tarr, A. C.: Landslides induced by Hurricane Mitch in El Salvador –
an inventory and descriptions of selected features, USGS Numbered
Series 2001-444,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01444, 2001. a
Dahal, R. K. and Hasegawa, S.: Representative rainfall thresholds for
landslides in the Nepal Himalaya, Geomorphology, 100, 429–443,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.01.014,
2008. a
Densmore, A. L. and Hovius, N.: Topographic fingerprints of bedrock landslides,
Geology, 28, 371–374, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<371:TFOBL>;2.0.CO;2,
2000. a
Domej, G., Bourdeau, C., and Lenti, L.: Mean Landslide Geometries
Inferred from a Global Database of Earthquake- and
Non-Earthquake-Triggered Landslides, Italian Journal of Engineering
Geology and Environment, 87–107, https://doi.org/10.4408/IJEGE.2017-02.O-05,
2017. a
Farr, T. G. and Kobrick, M.: Shuttle radar topography mission produces a wealth of
data,
Eos, 81, 583–585, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO081i048p00583, 2000.
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E.,
Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S., Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf, D. E.:
The shuttle radar topography mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, n RG2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005RG000183, 2007.
Frattini, P. and Crosta, G. B.: The role of material properties and landscape
morphology on landslide size distributions, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 361, 310–319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.10.029,
2013. a, b, c, d
Gabet, E. J., Burbank, D. W., Putkonen, J. K., Pratt-Sitaula, B. A., and Ojha,
T.: Rainfall thresholds for landsliding in the Himalayas of Nepal,
Geomorphology, 63, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.03.011,
2004. a, b, c
Gallen, S. F., Clark, M. K., and Godt, J. W.: Coseismic landslides reveal
near-surface rock strength in a high-relief, tectonically active setting,
Geology, 43, 11–14, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36080.1,
2015. a
Gariano, S. L. and Guzzetti, F.: Landslides in a changing climate,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 162, 227–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.011,
2016. a
Godt, J. W. and Coe, J. A.: Map showing alpine debris flows triggered by a July 28, 1999 thunderstorm in the central
Front Range of Colorado, USGS Open-File Report, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0350, 2003.
Godt, J. W., Baum, R. L., and Chleborad, A. F.: Rainfall characteristics for
shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA, Earth Surf.
Proc. Land., 31, 97–110, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1237,
2006. a
Gorum, T., van Westen, C. J., Korup, O., van der Meijde, M., Fan, X., and
van der Meer, F. D.: Complex rupture mechanism and topography control
symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology,
184, 127–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.11.027,
2013. a
Gorum, T., Korup, O., van Westen, C. J., van der Meijde, M., Xu, C., and
van der Meer, F. D.: Why so few? Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali
earthquake, Alaska, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 95, 80–94,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.032,
2014. a
Guzzetti, F., Cardinali, M., Reichenbach, P., Cipolla, F., Sebastiani, C.,
Galli, M., and Salvati, P.: Landslides triggered by the 23 November 2000
rainfall event in the Imperia Province, Western Liguria, Italy,
Eng. Geol., 73, 229–245, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.01.006,
2004. a
Guzzetti, F., Peruccacci, S., Rossi, M., and Stark, C. P.: The rainfall
intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: an
update, Landslides, 5, 3–17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-007-0112-1,
2008. a, b
Harp, E. and Jibson, R.: Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge,
California, earthquake, B. Seismol. Soc. Am.,
86, S319–S332, 1996. a
Harp, E. L., Hagaman, K. W., Held, M. D., and McKenna, J. P.: Digital inventory
of landslides and related deposits in Honduras triggered by Hurricane
Mitch, USGS Numbered Series 2002-61, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston,
VA, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0261, 2002. a
Harp, E. L., Reid, M. E., and Michael, J. A.: Hazard analysis of landslides
triggered by Typhoon Chata'an on July 2, 2002, in Chuuk State,
Federated States of Micronesia, USGS Numbered Series 2004-1348,
https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20041348, 2004. a, b, c
Houze, R. A.: Orographic effects on precipitating clouds, Rev.
Geophys., 50, RG1001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000365,
2012. a
Hovius, N., Stark, C. P., and Allen, P. A.: Sediment flux from a mountain belt
derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 231–234,
https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0231:SFFAMB>2.3.CO;2,
1997. a, b, c
Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., Nelkin, E. J., Wolff, D. B., Adler, R. F., Gu,
G., Hong, Y., Bowman, K. P., and Stocker, E. F.: The TRMM Multisatellite
Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-Global, Multiyear,
Combined-Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scales, J. Hydrometeorol., 8, 38–55, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM560.1,
2007. a
Iverson, R. M.: Landslide triggering by rain infiltration, Water Resour.
Res., 36, 1897–1910, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR900090,
2000. a, b, c, d
Jiang, H., Halverson, J. B., Simpson, J., and Zipser, E. J.: Hurricane
“Rainfall Potential” Derived from Satellite Observations Aids
Overland Rainfall Prediction, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47, 944–959, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1619.1,
2008. a, b
Jibson, R. W., Harp, E. L., and Michael, J. A.: A method for producing digital
probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Eng. Geol., 58,
271–289, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00039-9,
2000. a
Katz, O., Morgan, J. K., Aharonov, E., and Dugan, B.: Controls on the size and
geometry of landslides: Insights from discrete element numerical
simulations, Geomorphology, 220, 104–113,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.05.021,
2014. a
Keefer, D. K., Wilson, R. C., Mark, R. K., Brabb, E. E., Brown, W. M., Ellen,
S. D., Harp, E. L., Wieczorek, G. F., Alger, C. S., and Zatkin, R. S.:
Real-Time Landslide Warning During Heavy Rainfall, Science, 238,
921–925, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4829.921,
1987. a
Kirschbaum, D., Adler, R., Adler, D., Peters-Lidard, C., and Huffman, G.:
Global Distribution of Extreme Precipitation and High-Impact
Landslides in 2010 Relative to Previous Years, J.
Hydrometeorol., 13, 1536–1551, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-12-02.1,
2012. a, b
Kirschbaum, D. B., Adler, R., Hong, Y., Hill, S., and Lerner-Lam, A.: A global
landslide catalog for hazard applications: method, results, and limitations,
Nat. Hazards, 52, 561–575, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9401-4,
2009. a
Kubota, T., Shige, S., Hashizume, H., Ushio, T., Aonashi, K., Kachi, M., and
Okamoto, K.: Global Precipitation Map using Satelliteborne Microwave
Radiometers by the GSMaP Project: Production and Validation, in:
2006 IEEE MicroRad, 290–295, https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2006.1677106,
2006. a
Lafore, J. P., Stein, J., Asencio, N., Bougeault, P., Ducrocq, V., Duron, J.,
Fischer, C., Héreil, P., Mascart, P., Masson, V., Pinty, J. P.,
Redelsperger, J. L., Richard, E., and Arellano, J. V.-G. D.: The Meso-NH
Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and
control simulations, Ann. Geophys., 16, 90–109,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0090-6,
1997. a
Lehmann, P. and Or, D.: Hydromechanical triggering of landslides: From
progressive local failures to mass release, Water Resour. Res., 48,
W03535, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010947,
2012. a
Liao, H.-W. and Lee, C.: Landslides triggered by Chi-Chi earthquake, in:
Proceedings of the 21st Asian conference on remote sensing, 1,
383–388, 2000. a
Malamud, B. D., Turcotte, D. L., Guzzetti, F., and Reichenbach, P.: Landslide
inventories and their statistical properties, Earth Surf. Proc.
Land., 29, 687–711, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1064,
2004. a, b, c
Marc, O. and Hovius, N.: Amalgamation in landslide maps: effects and automatic detection,
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 723–733, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-723-2015, 2015. a, b
Marc, O., Hovius, N., Meunier, P., Uchida, T., and Hayashi, S.: Transient
changes of landslide rates after earthquakes, Geology, 43, 883–886,
https://doi.org/10.1130/G36961.1,
2015. a
Marc, O., Meunier, P., and Hovius, N.: Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on
seismological parameters, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1159–1175, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1159-2017, 2017. a, b, c
Meunier, P., Hovius, N., and Haines, A. J.: Regional patterns of
earthquake-triggered landslides and their relation to ground motion,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20408, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031337,
2007. a
Meunier, P., Hovius, N., and Haines, J. A.: Topographic site effects and the
location of earthquake induced landslides, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 275, 221–232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.020,
2008. a
Meunier, P., Uchida, T., and Hovius, N.: Landslide patterns reveal the sources
of large earthquakes, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 363, 27–33,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.018,
2013. a
Milledge, D. G., Bellugi, D., McKean, J. A., Densmore, A. L., and Dietrich,
W. E.: A multidimensional stability model for predicting shallow landslide
size and shape across landscapes, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 119, 2014JF003135, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003135,
2014. a
Mondini, A. C.: Measures of Spatial Autocorrelation Changes in
Multitemporal SAR Images for Event Landslides Detection, Remote
Sensing, 9, 554, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9060554,
2017. a
Montgomery, D. R.: Slope Distributions, Threshold Hillslopes, and
Steady-state Topography, Am. J. Sci., 301, 432–454,
https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.301.4-5.432,
2001. a
Montgomery, D. R. and Dietrich, W. E.: A physically based model for the
topographic control on shallow landsliding, Water Resour. Res., 30,
1153–1171, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02979,
1994. a, b
NASA JPL: NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Global 1 arc second [Data set], NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC,
https://doi.org/10.5067/MEaSUREs/SRTM/SRTMGL1.003, 2013.
Netto, A. L. C., Sato, A. M., Avelar, A. D. S., Vianna, L. G. G., Araújo,
I. S., Ferreira, D. L. C., Lima, P. H., Silva, A. P. A., and Silva, R. P.:
January 2011: The Extreme Landslide Disaster in Brazil, in:
Landslide Science and Practice, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg,
377–384, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31319-6_51, 2013. a, b, c
Nowicki, M. A., Wald, D. J., Hamburger, M. W., Hearne, M., and Thompson, E. M.:
Development of a globally applicable model for near real-time prediction of
seismically induced landslides, Eng. Geol., 173, 54–65,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.02.002,
2014. a
Ono, K., Kazama, S., and Ekkawatpanit, C.: Assessment of rainfall-induced
shallow landslides in Phetchabun and Krabi provinces, Thailand, Natural
Hazards, 74, 2089–2107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1292-3,
2014. a
Parise, M. and Jibson, R. W.: A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of
geologic units based on analysis of characteristics of landslides triggered
by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Eng.
Geol., 58, 251–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00038-7,
2000. a, b
Petley, D.: Global patterns of loss of life from landslides, Geology, 40,
927–930, https://doi.org/10.1130/G33217.1,
2012. a
Pozzobon, M.: Análise da suscetibilidade a deslizamentos no
município de blumenau/sc: uma abordagem probabilística
atravées da Aplicação da Técnica pesos de evidência,
PhD thesis, Universidade federal do paranã, Curitiba,
available at: http://www.floresta.ufpr.br/pos-graduacao/defesas/pdf_dr/2013/t342_0370-D.pdf (last access: 2 October 2018), 2013. a, b
Reid, L. M.: Calculation of average landslide frequency using climatic records,
Water Resour. Res., 34, 869–877, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02682,
1998. a
Reid, L. M. and Page, M. J.: Magnitude and frequency of landsliding in a large
New Zealand catchment, Geomorphology, 49, 71–88,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00164-2,
2003. a
Saito, H. and Matsuyama, H.: Catastrophic Landslide Disasters Triggered
by Record-Breaking Rainfall in Japan: Their Accurate Detection
with Normalized Soil Water Index in the Kii Peninsula for the
Year 2011, Sola, 8, 81–84, https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2012-021, 2012. a
Saito, H., Korup, O., Uchida, T., Hayashi, S., and Oguchi, T.: Rainfall
conditions, typhoon frequency, and contemporary landslide erosion in Japan,
Geology, 42, 999–1002, https://doi.org/10.1130/G35680.1,
2014. a
Schmidt, K. M. and Montgomery, D. R.: Limits to Relief, Science, 270,
617–620, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5236.617,
1995. a
Stark, C. P. and Guzzetti, F.: Landslide rupture and the probability
distribution of mobilized debris volumes, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 114, F00A02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JF001008,
2009. a, b, c, d
Stark, C. P. and Hovius, N.: The characterization of landslide size
distributions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1091–1094,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL008527,
2001. a
Stumpf, A., Lachiche, N., Malet, J.-P., Kerle, N., and Puissant, A.: Active
Learning in the Spatial Domain for Remote Sensing Image
Classification, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 52,
2492–2507, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2262052, 2014. a
Taniguchi, A., Shige, S., Yamamoto, M. K., Mega, T., Kida, S., Kubota, T.,
Kachi, M., Ushio, T., and Aonashi, K.: Improvement of High-Resolution
Satellite Rainfall Product for Typhoon Morakot (2009) over
Taiwan, J. Hydrometeorol., 14, 1859–1871,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-047.1,
2013. a
Tanyaş, H., van Westen, C. J., Allstadt, K. E., Anna Nowicki Jessee, M.,
Görüm, T., Jibson, R. W., Godt, J. W., Sato, H. P., Schmitt, R. G., Marc,
O., and Hovius, N.: Presentation and Analysis of a Worldwide Database
of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Inventories, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 122, 2017JF004236, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JF004236,
2017.
a
Ushio, T., Sasashige, K., Kubota, T., Shige, S., Okamoto, K., Aonashi, K.,
Inoue, T., Takahashi, N., Iguchi, T., Kachi, M., Oki, R., Morimoto, T., and
Kawasaki, Z.-I.: A Kalman Filter Approach to the Global Satellite
Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) from Combined Passive Microwave
and Infrared Radiometric Data, J. Meteorol. Soc.
Jpn., 87A, 137–151, https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.87A.137, 2009. a, b
Uchida, T., Tamur, K., and Akiyama, K.: The role of grid cell size,
flow routing algolithm and spatial variability of soil
depth on shallow landslide prediction, in: 5th International
Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics,
Prediction and Assessment, 149–157, Italian journal of engineering
geology and environment, Padua, Italy, 2011. a
Uchida, T., Sato, T., Mizuno, M., and Okamoto, A.: The role of rainfall
magnitude on landslide characteristics triggered by Typhoon Tales, 2011, Civil Engineering Journal, 54, 10–13, 2012 (in Japanese). a
Uchida, T., Okamoto, A., Kanbara, J. I., and Kuramoto, K.: RAINFALL
THRESHOLDS FOR DEEP-SEATED RAPID LANDSLIDES, in: International
Conference on Vajont 1963-2013/Proceedings – Thoughts and analyses
after 50 years since the catastrophic landslide, ITAlian journal of engineering geology and environment, Padua, Italy, 211–217, 2013. a
Van Asch, T. W. J., Buma, J., and Van Beek, L. P. H.: A view on some
hydrological triggering systems in landslides, Geomorphology, 30, 25–32,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(99)00042-2,
1999. a, b, c, d
von Ruette, J., Lehmann, P., and Or, D.: Rainfall-triggered shallow landslides
at catchment scale: Threshold mechanics-based modeling for abruptness and
localization, Water Resour. Res., 49, 6266–6285,
https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20418,
2013. a, b
Wilson, R. C. and Wieczorek, G. F.: Rainfall Thresholds for the Initiation
of Debris Flows at La Honda, California, Environ.
Eng. Geosci., I, 11–27, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.I.1.11,
1995. a
Yagi, H., Sato, G., Higaki, D., Yamamoto, M., and Yamasaki, T.: Distribution
and characteristics of landslides induced by the Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku
Earthquake in 2008 in Tohoku District, Northeast Japan, Landslides,
6, 335–344, 2009. a
Short summary
Rainfall-induced landslides cause significant damage and fatality worldwide, but we have few datasets constraining the impact of individual storms. We present and analyze 8 landslide inventories, with >150 to >150 00 landslides, comprehensively representing the landslide population caused by 8 storms from Asia and the Americas. We found that the total storm rainfall is a major control on total landsliding, landslide size, and that storms trigger landslides on less steep slopes than earthquakes.
Rainfall-induced landslides cause significant damage and fatality worldwide, but we have few...
